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How is tularemia prevented?
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Specific prophylaxis of tularemia is the vaccination of people older than seven years who are staying or working in a territory endemic for tularemia. Inoculation against tularemia is used - a live dry tularemia vaccine, developed by B.Ya. Elbert and N.A. Gaisky. On the 5th-7th and 12th-15th day, the intensity of immunity is assessed. If the result is negative, repeat the vaccination. The state of immunity in vaccinated people is checked five years after vaccination and in the subsequent - once in two years. Revaccination is performed with negative results of immunological (allergic or serological) reactions. The need for vaccination is determined by the territorial centers of Gossanepidnadzor on the basis of an analysis of the epidemiological situation in the territory under its jurisdiction. Distinguish between planned and unplanned (for epidemic indications) vaccination.
The state of immunity in a population is determined by selective testing of an adult able-bodied population using allergic or serological methods: RA, RPGA, ELISA. Revaccination is carried out at the level of SMI below 70% in the field of focal fields and less than 90% in the name-bog foci, as well as in epidemic indications.
Nonspecific prophylaxis of tularemia involves monitoring of natural foci of tularemia, timely detection of epizootics among wild animals, carrying out of deratization and disinfection measures.
When a water flash, it is forbidden to drink unboiled water and swim, and when contaminating well water, measures are taken to clean the well of rodent bodies and disinfect water.
When the threat of vector contamination is threatened, repellents and protective clothing are recommended, and the entry of the unvaccinated population into unsuccessful territories is limited.
To prevent commercial contamination, it is advisable to use gloves when removing skins from killed rodents and disinfect hands. Carry out measures for disinfestation and disinfection in storage depots of skins. It is necessary to thoroughly heat meat (for example, hare) before eating.
When slicing hay and threshing bread, use canned glasses and protective masks.
Among the population of areas that are unsuccessful for tularemia, it is necessary to conduct systematic explanatory and sanitary-educational work.
Persons who have been in contact with the patient are not isolated because the diseased are not contagious. The patient's housing is disinfected.
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