Gluteus maximus muscle

Small buttock muscle - m. Gluteus minimus

With a simultaneous reduction of all of its fibers, the hip is removed. With a free leg, its front fibers rotate the thigh inward. When the anterior fibers contract, the thigh rotates internally (permeates) like the middle gluteus muscle. With the contraction of only the posterior fibers of this muscle, the thigh turns outward. Together with the middle gluteus muscle stabilizes the pelvis when walking.

Start: external surface of the iliac wing between Linea glutea anterior and inferior

Attachment: Trochanter major

Innervation: spinal nerves L4-S1 - sacral plexus - n. Gluteus superior

Diagnosis: Trigger zones can be localized in the anterior and posterior portions of the muscle. They lie under the large, middle gluteus muscle and muscle, straining the wide fascia of the thigh. Therefore, it is very difficult to prolapse the areas of stress, but local soreness can be revealed. When the large and middle gluteus muscle is completely relaxed, occasionally you can palpate the strained fibers in the depth of the buttock. Sometimes the pattern of reflected pain can be obtained with prolonged pressure on the trigger zones. To examine the trigger zones in the anterior portion of the muscle, the patient lies on the back, the thigh is maximally unbent, but the patient should be comfortable. If required, a pillow is placed under the knee. The anterior superior ostium of the ilium is determined. The muscle that strains the broad fascia is determined by asking the patient to rotate the hip medially (scrape) against the resistance; she is palpated directly under the skin. The anterior fibers of the small gluteus muscle can be palpated in front of and behind the muscle straining the broad fascia, directly under the anterolateral superiority. In some patients, they can be covered with a thin layer of fibers of the middle gluteus muscle. Some muscles can be closed by the middle gluteus muscle behind the muscle, which strains the broad fascia. Thus, palpation along the anterior edge of the muscle, straining the broad fascia, is more effective than in the posterior. To examine the trigger zones in the posterior portion of the small gluteus muscle, the patient lies on a healthy side, the hip lying on top is brought and slightly bent by 30 °. The lowermost (medial) margin of the small gluteus muscle is determined by the finding of a pear-shaped line. Pear-shaped muscle begins 1 cm more cranial than the upper edge of the palpable large trochanter (attachment of the pear-shaped muscle tendon) and to the upper end of the palpable edge of the sacrum immediately below the sacroiliac joint where the pear-shaped muscle goes into the pelvic cavity. Trigger zones are located above this line above its middle and on the border of the middle and lateral thirds.

Reflected pain. The pain emanating from the trigger zones of the small gluteus muscle may exist for a long time and be quite severe. Trigger zones of the anterior and posterior portions of the muscle cause reflected pain along the posterolateral edge of the leg up to the ankle. Trigger zones in the anterior portion of the small gluteus muscle cause reflected pain in the posterolateral part of the buttock, the outer thigh and knee. The reflected pain from the trigger zones of the anterior part of the muscle does not fall below the ankle, although rarely pain can spread along the rear of the foot. Trigger zones of the anterior pore of the muscle cause reflected pain in the lower medial part of the buttock, as well as in the back of the thigh and lower leg and sometimes in the back of the knee.

[1], [2], [3]