Computer diagnostics of posture

The human motor function is one of the most ancient. The musculoskeletal system is an executive system that directly implements it. It provides optimal conditions for the interaction of the organism with the external environment. Therefore, any deviation in the parameters of the functioning of the ODA, as a rule, leads to a decrease in motor activity, a violation of the normal conditions of interaction of the organism with the environment and, as a result, violations in the state of human health.

Knowledge of biomechanical regularities of functioning of ODA allows to successfully manage interactions of the organism with the environment for development of motor qualities, prevention of diseases, preservation of health and creation of normal conditions for human life activity. To ensure the processes of studying the problems of spine biodynamics, the development of the methodology of postural diagnostics, the use of physical methods for maintaining its normal functioning and rehabilitation after trauma, surgical interventions, kinesitherapy, modern practice badly needs tools and management technologies. Among the most effective tools include computer technology.

The rapid development of personal computers and video equipment in the 1990s contributed to the improvement of automation tools for assessing the physical development of man. There was a more effective diagnosis of posture, sophisticated high-precision measuring equipment, capable of capturing all the necessary parameters. From this point of view, the hardware capabilities of video computer analyzers of the spatial organization of the human body under various conditions of its gravitational interactions are of great interest.

To assess the physical development of schoolchildren, it is advisable to use the computer-aided diagnosis technology for posture using a video-computer complex. The coordinates of the points of the studied object are read from the still picture of the video that is played on the video monitor via a digital video camera. As the ODA model, a 14-segmented branched kinematic chain is used, whose links correspond geometrically to large segments of the human body, and the reference points to the coordinates of the main joints.

[1], [2], [3], [4]

Biomechanical requirements for digital video recording

On the human body attach contrast markers at the locations of anthropometric points.

In the plane of the examinee, place a large-scale object or ruler, divided into 10-centimeter color areas.

The digital video camera is placed on the tripod motionless at a distance of 3-5 m to the subject (the zoom function is standard).

The optical axis of the camera lens is oriented perpendicular to the plane of the subject. The snapshot mode (SNAPSHOT) is selected on the digital video camera.

Pose (position) of the subject. In measurements, the examinee is in a natural, characteristic and habitual for him vertical posture (position) or in the so-called anthropometric body: the heels together, the toes apart, the legs straightened, the stomach is picked up, the arms are lowered along the trunk, the hands hang freely, the fingers are straightened and pressed to friend; the head is fixed so that the upper edge of the tragus of the ear and the lower edge of the orbit are in the same horizontal plane.

This posture is maintained throughout the entire video recording to ensure the clarity of the image and the consistency of the spatial relationship of the anthropometric points.

With all kinds of video shooting, the subject should be exposed to panties or swimming trunks and be barefoot.

Obtained indicators:

• body length (height) - measured (calculated) from the height of the apex point above the support area;
• length of the trunk - difference in height of the supra-thoracic and pubic points;
• the length of the upper limb represents the height difference between the acromial and the finger points;
• length of the shoulder - difference in height of the humeral and radial points;
• length of the forearm - the difference in heights of the radial and subulate points;
• length of the brush - the difference in the heights of the styloid and finger points;
• the length of the lower limb is calculated as the half-sum of the heights of the anterior iliac-spinal and pubic points;
• length of the thigh - length of the lower limb minus the height of the apex point;
• the length of the tibia is the difference in the heights of the superior-tibial and lower-tibial points;
• length of the foot - the distance between the calcaneal and terminal points;
• acromial diameter (width of shoulders) - the distance between the right and left acromial points;
• the correct diameter is the distance between the most prominent points of large trochanteres of the femurs;
• the median thoracic transverse diameter of the thorax is the horizontal distance between the most prominent points of the lateral surfaces of the chest at the level of the mid-thoracic point, which corresponds to the level of the upper edge of the fourth ribs;
• lower thoracic transverse diameter of the thorax - the horizontal distance between the protruding points of the lateral surfaces of the thorax at the level of the lower thoracic point;
• anteroposterior (sagittal) mid-thoracic chest diameter - measured in the horizontal plane along the sagittal axis of the mid-thoracic point;
• Tazogrebnevy diameter - the largest distance between two iliac crest points, i.e. Distance between the most distant from each other points of the iliac crests;
• external-femoral diameter - the horizontal distance between the most prominent points of the upper part of the thighs.

Automated processing of digital images is carried out using the program "TORSO".

The algorithm of working with the program consists of four stages:

• Create a new account;
• Digitizing images;
• Statistical processing of the results;
• Report generation.

Measurement and evaluation of the support-spring function of the foot is carried out using the program "Big foot", developed in conjunction with K.N. Sergienko and D.P. Valikov. The program can work both in the operating environment of MS Windows 95/98 / ME, and in Windows NT / 2000.

[5], [6], [7]