Sarcoma of the abdominal cavity organs

Sarcoma of the abdominal cavity is a rare malignant neoplasm that affects the abdominal wall. More often, the sarcoma is presented in the form of malignant pigment spots. This kind of skin changes indicate melanosarcoma. Inclinations to such transformations are those neoplasms that rapidly increase and intensely pigment.

The root cause of sarcoma of the abdominal cavity is scar tissue changes that appear as a result of injuries and burns. With sarcoma of the abdominal wall, all of the tendon elements that come out of it are affected. As progression and growth, the tumor loses clear contours. The sarcoma grows very quickly, early metastasizes and penetrates into neighboring tissues, has a high malignancy.

If the patient has a sarcoma of the anterior abdominal wall, then the peculiarity of the disease is that the tumor is under the skin and can be easily visually observed during the examination by the doctor. This kind of sarcoma is easily palpable, especially with the tension of the abdominal muscles. The tumor is mobile. As for the symptoms of the disease, it is scarce. Patients complain of increased weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite, fever. With permanent trauma to the peritoneum, the tumor tissue can be damaged and become infected, leading to ulceration and necroticization of the entire sarcoma.

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Larcoma sarcoma

Sarcoma of the liver is a malignant non-epithelial tumor that develops from connective tissue elements of the liver and blood vessels. Sarcoma has the appearance of a node with a more dense consistency than the surrounding tissues of the liver. The node has a white-yellow or grayish-red color and is strewn with vessels. Malignant neoplasm can reach large sizes, in rare cases, even with a human head. With large tumors, liver tissue undergoes compression and atrophy. In some cases, the sarcoma of the liver has several nodes that cause a significant increase in the liver.

Sarcoma can be secondary, that is, it appears as a result of metastasis of another tumor focus. In this case, the tumor can have, as a unit node, and several neoplasms immediately. The main cause of secondary hepatic sarcoma is skin melanoma. Symptomatic, similar to the symptoms of liver cancer. The main signs of the disease, it's a sharp weight loss, pain in the right upper quadrant, fever, yellowness of the skin.

Very often, sarcoma of the liver is complicated by internal hemorrhages, intraperitoneal bleeding and decay of the tumor. Diagnose sarcoma with the help of ultrasound, laparoscopy and magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment is surgical. If the patient has a single node, then it is cut out, if multiple nodes, then conduct a course of chemotherapy and radiation exposure.

Gastrointestinal sarcoma

Gastric sarcoma - is a secondary tumor disease that appears due to metastasis from other affected organs. As a rule, women are of childbearing age. Localized sarcoma on the body of the stomach, while in the input and output sections of the tumor appear less frequently. By the nature of growth, the sarcomas of the stomach are divided into: endogastric, exogastric, intramural and mixed. In addition, all histological types of sarcomas are found in the stomach: neurosarcomas, lymphosarcomas, spindle cell sarcomas, fibrosarcomas and myosarcomas.

The symptomatology of the disease is diverse. A number of tumors are asymptomatic, and are found at the last stage of development. Most often, patients complain of nausea, rumbling in the stomach, bloating, heaviness and difficulty in the evacuation function. In addition to the above described symptoms, patients are depleted, irritable and depressed, fatigue, and weakness.

Diagnosis of gastric sarcoma is a complex of measures, a combination of radiological methods and endoscopy. Treatment of a malignant lesion is usually surgical. The patient is fully or partially removed organ. Also, methods of chemotherapy and radiation exposure are used to prevent the metastasis and destruction of cancer cells. The prognosis for sarcoma of the stomach depends on the size of the tumor, the presence of metastases and the overall picture of the disease.

Sarcoma of the kidney

Sarcoma of the kidney is a rare malignant tumor. As a rule, the source of sarcoma is connective tissue elements of the kidney, the walls of the kidney vessels or the renal capsule. The peculiarity of the kidney sarcoma is that it affects both organs, left and right. A tumor can be a dense fibrosarcoma or a soft consistency, that is, a liposarcoma. According to histological analysis, kidney sarcomas consist of: spindle-shaped, polymorphous and round cells.

The clinical picture of the kidney sarcoma is pain in the kidney region, palpation of a small compaction, the appearance of blood in the urine (hematuria). Blood in the urine is found in 90% of patients with kidney sarcoma. In this case, the pain can be completely absent, but the bleeding can be so abundant that the blood clots get stuck in the ureter. In some cases, blood clots form an internal impression of the ureter and become a vermiform shape. Bleeding occurs due to a violation of the integrity of the vessels, the germination of the tumor in the pelvis or because of compression of the veins of the kidneys.

Sarcoma is rapidly developing and progressing, reaching considerable dimensions. Easily probed, mobile. Painful sensations spread not only to the site of tumor localization, but also to neighboring organs, causing dull pain. Treatment of a tumor can be both surgical, and by methods of chemotherapy and radiation exposure.

Intestinal sarcoma

Intestinal sarcoma can affect both the small and large intestine. The treatment of the disease depends on the type of lesion. But do not forget that the thick and thin intestines consist of a number of other intestines, which can also be a source of sarcoma.

Sarcoma of the small intestine

As a rule, the disease occurs in men, aged 20 to 40 years. Neoplasm can reach large sizes, have a high density and a tuberous surface. Most often, the sarcoma is localized in the initial part of the jejunum or in the terminal part of the ileum. A rarity is a tumor on the duodenum. By the nature of sarcoma growth, oncologists distinguish sarcomas growing in the abdominal cavity, that is, exointestinal and endointestinal - growing into the walls of the small intestine.

Metastatic sarcomas are late and, as a rule, in retroperitoneal and mesenteric lymph nodes, affecting the lungs, liver and other organs. The symptomatology of the disease is weak. As a rule, the patient complains of abdominal pain, weight loss, disruption of the digestive tract, nausea, eructation. With sarcomas in the last stages of development, the patient suffers from frequent bloating, vomiting and nausea.

In the late stages of development, it is possible to probe a mobile tumor, which is accompanied by ascites. The patient begins to complain of swelling, intestinal obstruction. In some cases, doctors diagnose the onset of peritonitis and internal bleeding. The main type of treatment is an operation involving removal of the affected part of the intestine, lymph nodes and mesentery. The prognosis depends on the stage of the intestinal sarcoma.

Sarcoma of the large intestine

The peculiarity of the large intestine sarcoma is the rapid growth of the tumor and the course of the disease. As a rule, from the moment of the first stage to the fourth, less than a year passes. The colon sarcomas of the colon often metastasize, with hematogenous and lymphogenous pathways, affecting a variety of organs and systems. In the colon, tumors are rare, most often the sarcoma affects the blind, sigmoid colon and rectum. The main histological types of malignant tumors of the large intestine: leiomyosarcoma, lymphosarcoma, spindle cell tumor.

In the first stages, the disease is asymptomatic, causing frequent diarrhea, loss of appetite and constipation. In some cases, the tumor provokes the appearance of chronic appendicitis. Painful sensations are not expressed and are of an uncertain nature. If the sarcoma metastasizes, then the pain appears in the lumbar region and the sacrum. Because of this meager initial symptomatology, sarcoma is diagnosed in advanced stages in a complicated form.

For the diagnosis of large intestine sarcoma, methods of magnetic resonance imaging, X-rays and computed tomography are used. Treatment involves resection of the affected bowel area, radiotherapy and chemotherapy courses.

Sarcoma of the rectum

Sarcoma of the rectum, also refers to intestinal lesions. But this type of tumor is extremely rare. Depending on the tissue from which the neoplasm develops, the tumor may be liposarcoma, fibrosarcoma, myxosarcoma, angiosarcoma or consist of several non-epithelial tissues.

According to the results of the histological examination, sarcomas can be: round-celled, reticuloendothelial, lymphoreticular or spindle cell. Symptomatology depends on the size, shape and location of the tumor. In the first stages, the neoplasm looks like a small tubercle, which rapidly increases and is prone to ulceration. As a rule, patients complain of pathological discharge from the rectum in the form of bloody mucus or simply blood in large quantities. There is a feeling of insufficiently emptied intestines, exhaustion of the body and frequent desires for defecation.

Treatment of rectum sarcoma involves a radical removal of the tumor and part of the intestine with adjacent tissues. As for chemotherapy and radiation treatment, these methods are used only if the neoplasms are sensitive to this type of treatment. At the last stages of development, the intestinal sarcoma has an unfavorable prognosis.

The retroperitoneal sarcoma

The retroperitoneal sarcoma is characterized by deep localization in the abdominal cavity, close contact with the posterior wall of the peritoneum. Because of the tumor, the patient feels restricted during breathing. Sarcoma is rapidly progressing and reaches considerable dimensions. Neoplasm puts pressure on surrounding tissues and organs, disrupting their work and blood supply.

Since the retroperitoneal sarcoma is located near the nerve roots and trunks, the tumor presses on them, which contributes to the destruction of the spine and adversely affects the spinal cord. Because of this, the patient feels pain, and sometimes paralysis. If the sarcoma of the retroperitoneal space develops near the blood vessels, it compresses them. Because of this pathology, blood supply to organs is impaired. If the pressure is on the lower vena cava, the patient experiences swelling of the lower extremities and abdominal walls, and sometimes blue skin. Surgical sarcoma treatment, in combination with chemotherapy and radiation.

Sarcoma of the spleen

Sarcoma of the spleen is a malignant, rarely occurring tumor. As a rule, the lesion of the spleen is secondary, that is, the tumor develops due to metastasis from other sources of damage. The main histological types of spleen sarcoma: leiomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, myxosarcoma and undifferentiated sarcomas.

• In the early stages, the symptomatology of the disease is scarce. Later, the progression of the tumor leads to an increase in the spleen, metastasis and intoxication of the body. During this period, the patient feels progressive weakness, anemia and fever. The disease is also accompanied by nonspecific clinical symptoms: apathy, pain in the palpation of the abdominal cavity, increased urine and frequent urge to urinate, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite.
• In the later stages, the spleen sarcoma causes depletion of the body, ascites, effusion of fluids with blood into the pleural cavity and pleurisy, that is, inflammation. In some cases, the sarcoma manifests itself, only reaching a large size. Because of this late diagnosis, there is a high risk of developing acute conditions that can lead to organ rupture.

Diagnosis of the spleen sarcoma with the help of ultrasound, computer and magnetic resonance imaging, and also using fluoroscopy. Confirm the diagnosis with a biopsy and examine the sample tissue taken. Treatment involves surgical intervention and complete removal of the affected organ. The earlier the disease was diagnosed and the treatment was prescribed, the better the prognosis and the higher the survival of patients.