Bleeding polyp of septum of nose

The bleeding nasal septum polyp is an angiofibromatous benign tumor located on one side of the nasal septum, most often in the anterior venous-arterial plexus, less often on the lower or middle nasal concha or on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]

What causes a bleeding polyp of the septum of the nose?

There is no specific information about the etiology of this disease. Since this disease occurs more often in women, the endocrine nature of it is assumed. There are other "theories", for example, traumatic, inflammatory, oncological, but there is no reason to consider one of them more real than the others.

Pathological anatomy

Macroscopically bleeding polyp of the septum of the nose is a round tumor ranging from a small pea to a large cherry dark red or cyanotic papillate or mushroom-shaped, on a leg that bleeds easily when touched, often bleeding spontaneously, especially when sneezing or blowing. Density of the tumor is determined by the ratio of vascular and fibrous tissues.

The microscopic structure of the bleeding polyp of the septum of the nose is varied and determined by the composition of the vascular and connective tissues, often the tumor also contains inflammatory elements such as granulation tissue. In the foreign literature, due to the diversity of the histological structure of the bleeding polyp of the septum of the nose, this tumor received a number of names: inflammatory granuloma, angiofibroma, pure angioma, cavernous angioma, telangiectatic fibroma, papillomatous fibroids,

Symptoms of a bleeding nasal septum polyp

Patients complain of such symptoms of a bleeding polyp of the septum of the nose, such as: frequent unilateral nosebleeds and progressive unilateral disruption of nasal breathing. When endoscopy at the above places in the nasal cavity, the tumor described above is determined. Density of the tumor depends on its structure. When palpating the probe bleeds. When lubricating with adrenaline solution, the bleeding polyp of the septum of the nose does not contract, but as a result of contraction of surrounding tissues, conditions are created for a more thorough examination of the formation. The tumor is not accompanied by regional lymphadenitis. Nasal breathing on the side of the tumor is difficult or completely blocked. On the same side, obstructive hyposmia is observed.

Complications of the bleeding polyp of the septum of the nose mainly affect anemia with prolonged, often recurring bleeding, left unattended, unilateral epileptic complications due to impairment of nasal breathing. Malignancy of the tumor is an extremely rare phenomenon.

Diagnosis of bleeding polyp of septum of nose

Diagnosis of the bleeding polyp of the septum of the nose does not cause difficulties; a direct diagnosis is made on the basis of frequent bleeding and repeated rhinoscopy from the same half of the nose.

Differential diagnosis of the bleeding polyp of the septum of the nose also does not cause major problems. In case of doubt, histological examination of the removed tumor is used, differentiating it from lupus, tuberculosis, scleroma and cancer.

[6], [7]

Treatment of bleeding polyp of septum of nose

Bleeding polyp of septum of the nose is treated only radically, Treatment consists in extirpation of the tumor with the underlying perichondrium and cartilage. When localized on the nasal shell, the tumor is removed with a part of the underlying shell. Removing the bleeding polyp of the nasal septum with a loop or with diathermocoagulation does not provide a radical cure due to frequent relapses.