Foreign body sensation in the eye

The person's eyes are not sufficiently protected, and the threat of penetration into them of objects that should not be there is quite real: a grain of sand, a small insect, a piece of wood, glass or plastic, and the like. The sensation of a foreign body in the eye is familiar to almost everyone. A sharp gust of wind and all eyes are covered with sand.

What to do in order to get rid of such discomfort as soon as possible, while not harming the very organ of vision?

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]

Causes of sensation of a foreign body in the eye

This unpleasant feeling is given by the nerve endings that are on the cornea of the eye, which is anterior, protective, layer of the eyeball. The tissue components of the organ of vision are simply covered with nerve receptors, and they make it clear to the body that a foreign body has entered the eye, and the surface of the eye is damaged. The reasons for sensation of a foreign body in the eye may be: •

Physical trauma.

• Direct hit of a foreign object. There are many professions that are most prone to such trauma. These are loggers, rockets, carpenters, welders and many others. Especially increases the risk of pathology the lack of special protective glasses. But this does not mean that the average person, not burdened with such a profession, is immune from getting a sensation of a foreign body in the eye.
• Chemical eye trauma. The cornea can be damaged due to its contact with volatile chemicals (a chemical burn can be obtained).
• Climatic aspect of the problem. If there is a strong wind in the street, then, if possible, it is better to wait out the weather at home. This can not be done - you must try to protect your eyes. Ideally, wear protective goggles.
• The reason for the sensation of a foreign body in the eye can become lenses, which modern man is quite active. Provoke discomfort can ignore the elementary rules of their savings and wearing: poor sanitation, not very accurate "dressing" and lifting. There may appear small wounds, they then induce the appearance of such a sensation.
• To cause injury, causing discomfort, can and water vapor, a drop of boiling water or hot oil. A small point burn can create an unpleasant sensation. Therefore it is necessary to be very careful in the kitchen when working with cutting objects and hot products.
• Various diseases of ophthalmological nature.

[7]

Symptoms of sensation of a foreign body in the eye

Having got on an eye cornea, the alien object brings enough unpleasant discomfort. Symptoms of sensation of a foreign body in the eye:

• Increased lachrymation.
• There is moderate soreness.
• There is a burning sensation, tingling.
• Excessive irritant susceptibility to daylight, manifested by a cut in the cornea and tearfulness.
• You can observe the hyperemia of the area of interest.
• In some cases, you can feel a deterioration in the clarity of visual perception.
• Blepharospasm is an uncontrolled reduction of circular eye muscles. Often is as a response of the body to painful manifestations.

Some objects, for example, glass or metal shavings, when entering the eye can not only damage the outer epithelial layer, but also deeper tissues (stroma). Such damage is more serious and, if not given immediate assistance, provokes the development of the inflammatory process, and subsequently the swelling of the stratum corneum and hyperemia of the conjunctiva. If the cause of irritation is not immediately eliminated, tissue infection may occur. In particularly neglected cases, failure to provide timely assistance can cause irreversible necrotic processes in the tissues, which invariably leads to complete or partial loss of vision.

Such symptoms can manifest themselves and some more time after the removal of a foreign object, up to the time when irritation completely disappears.

Diagnosis of foreign body sensation in the eye

In most cases, the diagnosis of the sensation of a foreign body in the eye is not particularly difficult.

The very conclusion about pathology is based:

• On processing the complaints of the victim.
• Results of ophthalmologic examination.
• The ophthalmologist usually very gently pulls, alternately, the upper and lower eyelids to make sure there are no foreign substances in these places.

If the object penetrated deeply, and the destruction affected not only the layer of the epithelium, the diagnosis of sensation of the foreign body in the eye becomes somewhat more complicated. In this case, the following research methods are added:

• Testing for visual acuity.
• Radiographic method of investigation of the eye orbit.
• Biomicroscopy is a technique for scrupulous testing of eye tissues and eye structures using specially designed medical equipment - a slit lamp.
• Diaphanoscopy of the eye and its appendages - the transmission of the eye tissues by the source of transmitted light.
• Ultrasound diagnostics.
• Test visualization with the use of an ophthalmoscope.
• Gonioscopy is a technique for analyzing the angular area of the anterior chamber, concealed behind a translucent corneal tissue (limb), which is performed using a gonioscope and a special slit-shaped light source.

[8], [9], [10], [11], [12]

Treatment of sensation of a foreign body in the eye

The first thing that needs to be done is to start treating the sensation of a foreign body in the eye - it's neat and quickly remove the alien object from the eye area. If this is not a particularly serious case, which provides for immediate intervention of the ophthalmologist, then the first medical care should be provided independently.

To do this, there are several ways to remove the body:

• You can take a clean handkerchief, which must be with any self-respecting person. And the tip is very carefully try to get hold of the object, taking it out of the eye.
• Similarly you can make a wet towel.
• Especially "thin-eyed" people can try to wash the mote with a tear.
• For this case, a deep vessel with clean water is also suitable. You need to dip your face into it: try several times under water, then open it, then close it. This method will make it possible to wash the eyes.

If there is a more severe case of corneal damage, it becomes necessary to use anesthetics, special eye drops that have an anesthetic effect. For this role, for example, a 0.25% solution of dicaine is suitable.

Dicaine is a highly effective strong drug, an anesthetic of local action. The level of activity is significantly higher than that of cocaine and novocaine. The drug is perfectly absorbed by the mucous membrane, but it also has a fairly high toxicity, which is twice as high as that of cocaine and ten times that of novocaine. This is his characteristic and leads to the requirement of extreme caution in the use of dicaine.

The drug injects into the affected eye two to three drops. In this case, the ophthalmologist can appoint, depending on the case, a different concentration of the drug: this may be 0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0% or 2.0% solution, which is further diluted with 0.1% adrenaline hydrochloride. "Thinner" is taken from the calculation of three to five drops of adrenaline per 10 ml of the drug dicain. The resulting mixture is used either as a drop or as a lubricant to the mucous membrane of the eye.

Contraindications include the general severe condition of the patient or the patient's age of up to 10 years.

This solution is buried by the eyes and only after the anesthetic begins to act violates the elimination of the object caught in the eye. All material used for this procedure should be sterile: distilled water, cotton swabs. The tampon is soaked in water and very gently wiped their eyes. Movements should be smooth, in one direction.

If there is a foreign body sensation in the eye, but the cause is not visually visible, since it has a small size, special eye drops drip into the damaged eye, which includes a specific coloring substance fluorescein. This reagent makes it possible to see a foreign body and easily remove it.

After removal, the ophthalmologist evaluates the extent of the corneal layer lesion. If it is insignificant, an ophthalmic ointment with antibiotics is prescribed, for example, neomycin or neosporin.

Bandages of neomycin (Neomycin) should be done for two to three days. The ointment is applied directly to the affected area, you can squeeze out a little on a bandage tampon and already apply it to the affected area. Bint with ointment should be changed from one to five times a day (as prescribed by the doctor). Once a drug at a concentration of 0.5%, the drug can be used in an amount of 25 to 50 g, if the ointment has a concentration of 2%, the dose is reduced to 5-10 g. The daily dosage should accordingly not exceed 50 to 100 g (0 , 5% concentration) and 10-20 g (at a concentration of 2%).

Contraindications to the use of this drug include individual intolerance of the components of the drug, including other aminoglycosides.

Neosporin - a thin layer of the drug applied to the affected area one to three times a day. Top should be bandage. Use large dosages or more changes of dressings is not necessary - to increase the efficiency still will not succeed, but it is quite possible to get negative side symptomatology. But if you accidentally received an overdose of the drug, you urgently need to contact your doctor for help.

If the damage to the tissues of the cornea is significant, then after removing the foreign object from the eye, the doctor ascribes the drop to the injured person, which makes it possible to dilate the pupil. One of such medicines can be 1% solution for instilling atropine sulfate (the sulfate salt of atropoline alkaloid, used as an antispasmodic drug for the recovery of spastic processes and allowing, if necessary, to get medial mydriasis (dilated pupils)). In parallel with this patient, eye drops with antibiotics are prescribed.

During this period, the victim must constantly apply a bandage around his eyes, protecting him from the external infectious and non-sterile environment and the irritating effect of sunlight.

The course of treatment usually takes three to five days.

If a foreign object has entered deep enough into the eye tissue, it is quite possible that there will be a need for classical microsurgical intervention.

It is desirable, after all, to entrust the removal of a foreign body to professionals, since independent attempts can only do harm. Often, such actions subsequently lead to intraocular infection, the cornea can form rough scars, leading to a drop in vision. Turning to a doctor in a specialized clinic, you can get qualified help outpatiently, directly in the doctor's office. And it does not take you very much time, but it is much more likely to leave your eyes and not lose sight.

Prevention of sensation of foreign body in the eye

What can be said on this issue. Primarily foreign substance gets on the cornea in the case when elementary rules for safety precautions are not observed. Therefore, the prevention of foreign body sensation in the eye is, first of all, not ignoring, but fulfilling all the rules that allow protecting your face, including your eyes, from the negative impact of external factors.

• In case of professional necessity, special protective goggles or a helmet should be used to protect the eyes.
• Strictly observe all safety rules.
• In case of climatic cataclysms (strong gusty wind, storm), at the slightest opportunity it is necessary to stay in a sheltered room, if this can not be done, it is necessary to protect the eyes in the same way as in the previous paragraphs.

Do not forget, in many ways, your health is in your hands.

Forecast sensation of foreign body in the eye

Everything depends on the degree and severity of the lesion, as well as on the timeliness of the first medical treatment. Therefore, a favorable prognosis of sensation of a foreign body in the eye is, first of all, the coordinated work of the patient and the ophthalmologist.

More than once it has already been said that the reasons for the appearance of a foreign body in the eye may be quite different. Therefore, you should not postpone the trip to the doctor - ophthalmologist. It is necessary to carefully approach the selection of a specialized clinic, where they will render really professional help, minimizing the negative consequences of this uncomfortable state.

Do not delay with an appeal to a specialist, because losing vision is much easier than subsequently restoring it. And it's not a fact, will there be a chance to see this again!

[13], [14], [15], [16]