Causes of stomatitis

Stomatitis is an inflammatory process that affects the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. Stomatitis is a common concept of inflammatory diseases, which is divided into species: 

• gingivitis - gum disease, 
• Palaginitis - defeat of the palate, 
• glossitis - loss of language, 
• cheilitis-the severity of the lips.

The causes of stomatitis, regardless of its variety, can be completely different, ranging from improper hygiene of the oral cavity, ending with diseases of internal organs. As a rule, the main cause is infection, which can be "picked up" in the public canteen because of unwashed dishes; through a kiss with a man with a stomatitis; infectious diseases in relation to the blood or digestive system; a sick tooth and so on. In general, the factors for the development of this disease are many. The main thing is to eliminate the causes of stomatitis in time. But more about this later.

In addition to the types of stomatitis, there is another classification according to the type of their formation:

• traumatic stomatitis - arose in the process of physical or chemical factors that have a traumatic effect on the mucosa of the oral cavity;
• infectious stomatitis is the result obtained through infections of any kind: bacterial, fungal, viral. Among infectious stomatitis, a specific type of stomatitis, which appears in consequence of tuberculosis, syphilis and other;
• symptomatic stomatitis - the factor of occurrence - diseases of internal organs.

In addition, stomatitis has its own form and stage:

• catarrhal - without external damage;
• ulcerative - presence of ulcers on the affected area: gum, palate, tongue, lips;
• aphthous ulcers plus painful sensations (burning sensation).

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What causes stomatitis?

It is very important to identify exactly the causes of stomatitis, as absolute recovery is guaranteed in case of elimination of the causative agent of this disease. So, let's look at what makes stomatitis:

• bacteria, viruses, myxoplasmas;
• poor appetite;
• weak fatness;
• dehydration of the body as a result of gastrointestinal disorders (diarrhea, vomiting), low fluid intake, copious discharge of urine, volume loss of blood, a prolonged period of fever;
• non-observance of hygiene rules;
• poor-quality work of dentists;
• medicines that reduce salivation;
• lack of vitamins and trace elements: A, B, C, iron, folic acid;
• alcohol and nicotine;
• Malignant neoplasms in the face and neck area;
• hormonal changes: menopause, pregnancy, puberty and so on;
• a side effect of chemotherapy;
• anemia;
• Dentifrices containing sodium lauryl sulfate;
• weak immunity;
• antibiotics;
• tartar;
• salty, acidic, excessively cold or hot food.

Of course, various causes of stomatitis - different ways of treatment.

How is stomatitis transmitted?

The method of transmission of stomatitis depends on the form of stomatitis. Some types of stomatitis occur on the basis of treatment of cancer, diseases of the ENT organs (sore throat) and others. To protect yourself for 100% of stomatitis is impossible as it is transmitted by sick animals, agricultural products, while talking to a sick person and other opportunities to get infected with stomatitis.

From the above, it is clear that the causes of stomatitis are different, respectively, and ways to protect against it and treatment methods are diverse.

Most importantly, remember about hygiene and do not forget that doctors in our time have not lost their relevance. And fear of the dentist is an illogical manifestation of weakness, which can lead to serious consequences.

Treatment of stomatitis by alternative means:

• no matter what the causes of stomatitis, iodine treatment of the oral cavity three times a day for 2 days is the best remedy;
• if your diagnosis is viral stomatitis, then the damaged area is smeared with sea buckthorn oil 3-4 times a day;
• decoction of oak bark strengthens the gum, and promotes the healing of lesions on the mucosa of the oral cavity;
• To small children (babies) children the mouth cavity is greased with pink jam, if the child does not have allergy to the contents.

Pathogens of stomatitis

Why is hygiene so important in this case? The causative agent of stomatitis develops, as we have already considered above, mainly infections. In a more strengthened regime, one should pay attention to the cleanliness of those people who have open wounds in the mouth or bleed the gums, as "infection" is easier to get into the body through an open wound.

The microflora of the oral cavity consists of bacteroides, fusobacteria, streptococci. In the event of any violations, neither can the inflammatory process provoke. So, the causes of stomatitis must be sought, first of all, in oneself.

Other infectious agents of stomatitis:

• tuberculosis,
• scarlet feather,
• fungal (candidiasis).

The causes of stomatitis and ways to combat it are closely interrelated, since, having rendered harmless the source of the spread of the disease, curing stomatitis is much easier and more effective. If you only deal with treatment, while not eliminate the factor of formation of stomatitis, then the efforts can be in vain.

Infectious stomatitis

Again, before talking about treatment, it is necessary to establish the causes of stomatitis. Infectious stomatitis develops on the background of the lack of protective functions in the body. Accordingly, the treatment of infectious stomatitis is aimed at strengthening immunity. The oral cavity is treated with antiseptic solutions. Therapy with ultraviolet in this case is no exception.

Causes of stomatitis of infectious origin:

• viral diseases: simple or herpes zoster, influenza, measles, mononucleosis and so on;
• diseases on a bacterial basis: tuberculosis, diphtheria and others;
• fungal pathogens: actinomycosis, candidiasis;
• STDs: syphilis, gonorrhea.

Infectious stomatitis has several types:

1. Vesicular stomatitis. Its carriers are animals. And here, sick animals transmit the disease to man. As for the clinical form of manifestation, then the sensations similar to the FLU, which is accompanied with external manifestations - vesicles - are bubbles with a clear liquid on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. General condition: high temperature, headache, joint pain and other manifestations of general intoxication. After the expiration of two to three days the patient on the face, or rather in the zone surrounding the mouth: cheeks, wings of the nose, upper lip; observes vesicles, the duration of which is 10-12 days. Plus, there is inflammation of the nearby lymph nodes.

Treatment consists of taking antiviral medications such as "Interferon", "Viferon", treating the inflamed zone with antiseptic means: "Methylene blue", "Iodine-povidone."

"Interferon" is used in the form of a solution, namely: the contents of the ampoule (the form of release in ampoules) are mixed with distilled or boiled water. The resulting mixture has a red color, stored in a cold place for no more than 2 days. The prepared solution is pipetted into the nose, as a medicine against the common cold, 5 drops twice a day, the application interval is from 6 hours. If the pipette is replaced with a nebulizer, then the volume of liquid is 0.25 ml in each nasal passage. There were no contraindications and side effects.

"Viferon" - "amplifier" of the action of "Interferon", respectively, two drugs are used in the complex. It has several forms of release: ointment, gel, suppositories. As for contraindications and side effects, both, in the previous version, they were not found. Regarding the method of application - it all depends on the form of release and the appointment of a doctor.

Antiseptics are used in the form of external solutions, as a rule, twice a day: morning and evening.

2. Ulcerative necrotic stomatitis of Vincent or symbiosis of two bacteria. The cause of this disease is weak immunity. Symptoms include: fever, excessive salivation, bad breath, bleeding gums and their soreness. Then the disease is accompanied by ulcers and necrotic tissue in the mouth. If the palatine tonsils are affected, the symptomatology is accompanied by the Simanovsky-Vincent's angina.

Treat such stomatitis with antibacterial and restorative drugs. In the case of a prolonged course of the disease, you should consult an immunologist. In addition, one drug treatment here is not necessary as it is necessary to perform purification from dental plaque (at the dentist), and antiseptic treatment of the mouth, as in the previous version and for any kinds of stomatitis.

"Hexalisis", "Gramidine" and "Decatilene" are one of the most popular options for treating many types of stomatitis.

"Hexalisis" (antiviral drug) instruction: is intended for the treatment of stomatitis, gingivitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis. Contraindications: children under 4 years of age and hypersensitivity to the drug. Side effects are possible with prolonged use: allergic reaction, dysbiosis. The method of use depends on the age, and also during pregnancy and lactation, the medicine is administered under the clear guidance of the doctor. Dosage for an adult is: 1 tablet no more than 4 times a day. Interval of reception 4 hours. The maximum duration of the course is 10 days.

Grammidine is an antifungal drug. His doctors recommend in those cases, if one of these diagnoses is established:

• stomatitis,
• gingivitis,
• pharyngitis,
• tonsillitis,
• angina,
• parodontosis.

The contraindications are the same as that of Hexalysis. Side effects include allergic reactions. The course of treatment for an adult looks like this: 2 tablets 4 times a day after meals. The tablets dissolve until they are completely dissolved. Do not swallow or chew! Children under 12 years take 1 tablet 4 times a day.

"Decatalene" is a strong antiseptic, which is suitable for the treatment of many diseases associated with the mouth and throat. Contraindications: pregnancy, breast-feeding, hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, an allergy to quaternary ammonium compounds. Possible side effects: itching, rash, burning in the mouth. Dosage: according to the age and degree of the disease.

3. Fungal stomatitis develops as a result of diseases of candidiasis. The method of treatment is the use of antifungal and antiseptic drugs. As antiseptics use "Decatalene", "Methylene blue", "Iodine-povidone." And also "Diflucan", "Ketoconazole".

"Diflucan" is an antifungal drug. Dosages are taken into account after receiving the results of the tests, as this preparation is intended to eliminate various bacteria, respectively, and the method of application is also different. At what diagnoses do you recommend this medicine? Cryptococcal, candidal, onychomycosis infections. The drawback of the drug is that it contains a lot of possible side effects:

• dizziness, headache, convulsions, change in taste;
• nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, hapatotoxicity (rarely, but even fatal), abdominal pain and bloating, diarrhea, elevated serum level (ALT and AST), elevated serum levels, bilirubin, impaired liver function, including jaundice;
• increased QT interval on the ECG, ventricular fibrillation,
• rash, baldness, toxic epidermal necrolysis, exfoliative dermatological diseases;
• leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis,
• hypokalemia, increased cholesterol, triglycerides;
• anaphylactic reactions.

"Ketoconazole", as an antifungal agent, is a very powerful remedy. But, again, there are certain rules of admission in accordance with the established diagnosis. And as a number of side effects:

• dizziness, headache, drowsiness, paresthesia;
• decreased appetite, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, hepatitis - in case of prolonged use for more than 2 weeks, the probability of death is high; -
• impotence, decreased libido, gynecomastia, menstrual irregularity, oligospermia;
• itching, hives, rashes, burning, baldness;
• photophobia, fever;
• problems with the scalp: fat or dry hair.

Viral stomatitis

The causes of stomatitis in this case are diseases caused by viruses:

• herpes simplex; 
• chicken pox;
• INFLUENZA, parainfluenza;
• adenovirus and so on.

The onset of the disease manifests itself as a general malaise, headache, with a total temperature of 37-41 ° C. After 1 - 2 days, pain in the oral cavity is added, which increases in the process of talking and eating. External changes: bubbles in the mouth. The number of bubble formations is from 2 to several dozen. They can also merge into one, and have larger dimensions. After 2 - 3 days, the vesicles burst, resulting in large wounds with a white coating. Salivation increases, the saliva becomes viscous. The possibility of lesions of the lips, nasal passages and other organs is not ruled out.

The period of recovery depends on the degree of severity, usually from 5 to 15 days.

Treatment begins only after the causes of stomatitis are identified. It is logical that immediately eliminates the virus that awakens stomatitis by means of antiviral drugs (Interferon, Viferon). If the cause of stomatitis is herpes, then in the treatment use antiherpetic polyvalent vaccine. Antiseptics, vitamins A, C, painkillers and wound-healing agents.

Stomatitis in HIV

In this case, the presence of stomatitis is a normal reaction of the body to the changes occurring in the body. The majority of patients with HIV suffer from candidal stomatitis, which is characteristic at the initial stage of development of this type of STD. Very rarely, candidal stomatitis occurs in a healthy person. A more serious degree of candidiasis is called acute pseudomembranous candidiasis stomatitis. Oral cavity completely white or gray-white coating, which is similar to the cheesy mixture. If the corners of the mouth are affected, then this is called an angular cheilitis. The causes of stomatitis in HIV are clear - weak immunity, a virus. A problem in the treatment of stomatitis in this case is that it is practically not subject to treatment. To the question "why?" - the answer: to cure stomatitis, it is necessary to eliminate the causes of stomatitis. Eliminate HIV while medicine is powerless. Information on the Internet about drugs for the treatment of stomatitis in HIV virtually no, not because there are difficulties in the treatment itself, but because it is necessary to have accurate tests on the hands and see firsthand the state of the oral cavity in order to prescribe the drug. That is, in this case only the doctor and only at a personal meeting with the patient can determine the way of treatment. But, as with any stomatitis, mouth rinsing with antiseptic solutions is the basis of treatment.

Enterovirus stomatitis

Here the cause of stomatitis displays the name, which originated from enteroviruses. What is an enterovirus? This is a complex of a large number of viral infections actively developing in the human gastrointestinal tract. How does this virus appear in the body? It enters the gastrointestinal tract with water, or with food of agricultural origin, or from sick animals. Blood-sucking insects can also be transmitters of infections whose bites threaten vesicular stomatitis.

Eliminate the causes of stomatitis enterovirus origin by carefully washed hands, cleaned dishes with detergents, chlorination of the room - it is impossible as these viruses are normally adapted to acids and alkalis. The only effective preventive way to deal with them is boiling to a temperature of at least 50 ° C (milk) or treatment with boiling water (strawberries, greens).

In addition, enterovirus stomatitis can be infected by airborne droplets (during the conversation with the carrier); contact, thanks to the objects of common use; fecal-oral due to the penetration of the virus from manure, which is used as fertilizer for plant products.

Adult people suffer from enterovirus much less often than children. As a rule, the main category of cases is children 2 - 3 years old.

So, consider the symptoms: basically, this is an asymptomatic disease, but there are rare cases of 2 - 3% when serious complications appear. These complications include:

• vesicular stomatitis with exanthema, which means vesicular rash in the mouth, on the palms and soles of the feet;
• severe itching;
• copious salivation;
• pain when swallowing;
• high fever, fever, weakness, chills, runny nose;
• Muscle pain, hyperemia, headache;
• Gastrointestinal problems, diarrhea, vomiting;
• light-phobia.

Often doctors confuse this disease with other diseases such as ARVI, ARI, herpes, allergies and others. This is due to the fact that the rash appears in the last place.

If the acute manifestations of enterovirus stomatitis does not produce, then the treatment proceeds quickly, about a week, if you do it right.

Now let's move on to the methods of treatment.

Because, during this period, a person is a carrier, then it must be isolated from the collective, so that the disease can not be transmitted to other people. At this point, do not forget about individual hygiene items, for example, a towel. The most commonly used medications are Interferon, Viferon, Hexaliz, Gramidine, antiseptic drugs: Methylene blue, Iodine-povidone, and Decatilene.

[2], [3], [4], [5]

Bacterial stomatitis

The causes of stomatitis, as already mentioned above, are the first on what should be paid attention. As for the bacterial stomatitis, then the pathogens are bacteria: streptococci, staphylococcus. To catch these bacteria is simple: unwashed hands, unwashed dishes, public places and so on. Even a newborn in the hospital can get infected.

In addition to streptococci and staphylococci, there are other bacteria that are a factor in the appearance of stomatitis:

• spirochaetes;
• diplococci;
• spindle-shaped bacteria;
• clostridia;
• gonococci.

The duration of the disease and the general condition of a person depends on the degree of the disease and the immune response of the body.

After all the possible causes of stomatitis have been described, it is necessary to tell about its symptoms and ways of treatment.

Bacterial stomatitis begins with a painful meal. The mucous membrane acquires a red color, swelling, ulcers, cracks. Increases salivation, there is an unpleasant smell from the mouth. The gums become swollen and friable. If you give up the timely treatment, then in addition to painful sensations, the gum will be necrotic. It is not excluded the option of a painful reaction to the disease of the whole body: fatigue, high fever, headache and joint pain, sore throat.

Methods for treating bacterial stomatitis are the same as in Vanchenko's Ulcerative Necrotizing Stomatitis, plus antibiotics "Gentamicin", "Penicillin", "Ampioks" and immunostimulants are added. But, it is very important to remember that such medicines without a doctor's recommendation are dangerous. In the process of treatment, it is also worth remembering that some types of stomatitis are similar in symptoms, but different causes, which means that the treatment is also different. In this case, confusing the diagnosis means using the wrong treatment. Therefore, only a doctor has the right to recommend medicines and their dosage.

Traumatic stomatitis

Traumatic stomatitis is a disease that arose on the background of a mechanical trauma or a physical, chemical effect on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. The causes of stomatitis in this case can not be eliminated as they carry a random character, say a person accidentally hit a sharp object, resulting in an injury that weakened the physical function of the mucous membrane of the mouth. In addition to the stroke, there may be other causes of stomatitis: trauma, obtained by a fragment of the destroyed tooth; biting the mucous membrane of the mouth.

As for drug treatment, it is not necessary. But, compliance with hygiene rules and the use of antiseptic drugs "Methylene blue", "Iodine-povidone" will not interfere.

Stomatitis after chemotherapy

Chemotherapy affects the human immune system so much that it can cause any disease, including stomatitis. The causes of stomatitis in this case, of course, weakened immunity. Chemotherapy is designed to kill cancer cells, and as a result, not only affected, but also healthy cells are killed. From here, and weight loss, baldness, a lack of vitamins and trace elements in the body, a weakened mucosa of the oral cavity and so on. Stomatitis after chemotherapy is very painful. Its only plus is a temporary phenomenon. After the regeneration of the degree of leukocytes in the blood, the stomatitis passes. That, is, again, we return to the fact that the treatment of stomatitis is to eliminate the cause of stomatitis.

And now consider options for reducing the risk of stomatitis in cancer diseases:

• before the start of drug treatment, contact the dentist;
• regular independent examination of the oral cavity during the whole treatment;
• When brushing your teeth and tongue, you should use soft brushes to avoid damaging your gums. Brush your teeth after each meal;
• rejection of dental floss;
• in the toothpaste should not contain lauryl sulfate, calcium carbonate. The most optimal option for cleaning teeth - toothpaste with plant components, with silicon dioxide, fluorides, antiseptics. For example, "Parodontax", "Radon";
• rinse the mouth with antiseptic solutions, say, soda + salt + room temperature water. Decoction of oak bark is also a wonderful antiseptic;
• hygienic lipsticks or "Vaseline";
• to give up smoking.

Eliminate pain in the gums with the help of special means: "Baby-Dent" - a drug for children (suitable for adults), is applied to the gums as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic; "Denthol" has the same effect; Novokain and Ledocain.

Medication stomatitis

Let's start with the factors of the appearance of drug stomatitis. So, the causes of stomatitis are medications, regardless of their destination inside or outwardly. The organism of each person is individual, therefore, it is impossible to know in advance the reaction of each to one or another drug.

It is already clear that the causes of stomatitis this time medications. Usually they are:

• antibiotics, such as "Tetracycline", "Streptomycin";
• anesthetics;
• sulfonamides, for example, "Norsulfazol", "Sulfidine", "Sulfazol";
• pyrazolone medicines such as "Antipyrine", "Analgin", "Amidopirin";
• enzymes;
• serum and vaccine;
• vitamin complexes;
• barbiturates;
• bromine, iodine, phenol, arsenic, lead, bismuth, mercury.

The most common cause of drug stomatitis are antibiotics. In this case, the symptoms are: swelling and reddening of soft tissues: lips, cheeks, tongue, as well as palate; tongue swollen and smooth; soreness and bleeding gums; the mouth is parched. Probable and headache, pain in the joints and muscles, itching, urticaria, fever. Anaphylactic shock rarely occurs.

Stomatitis caused by sulfonamides manifests itself in this way: uneven redness with the subsequent appearance of red-blue spots, bubble formations that "burst", during which the sore remains. Rashes are possible not only in the mouth, but also on the skin of the face around the lips.

As for the reaction to bromine and iodine, the oral cavity becomes edematous, pain in the gums, profuse salivation, allergic rhinitis. The mucous membrane of the oral cavity is covered with granulomas, vesicles, iodine eels.

How to treat medical stomatitis?

Most importantly, exclude the drug, which became the cause of stomatitis. The types of medications used and the duration of their administration depend on the severity of stomatitis. Most often, use:

• "Dimedrol" - under the strict guidance of a doctor as it is a narcotic drug capable of causing hallucinations, sleep, deaths are not excluded. In addition, you can not buy it in a pharmacy without a prescription with a seal;
• "Calcium Chloride" is administered intravenously with 5-10 ml of a 10% solution. Again, you should not engage in self-medication, especially since there are likely side effects - bradycardia, and with improper administration - ventricular fibrillation. There are also contraindications: thrombosis, thrombophlebitis, hypercalcemia, atherosclerosis;
• painkillers and antiseptics.

Fixed medication stomatitis is accompanied by such symptoms: spots in the oral cavity, the dimensions of which reach 1.5 cm. Each spot is filled with liquid collected in a separate vial. It bursts almost immediately after the onset. In case of recurrent disease, the vesicle appears in the same place. In addition, the vesicle formations can also be on the genitals. In general, the causes of stomatitis - the use of barbiturates, tetracycline and sulfonamides.

To get rid of a fixed medication stomatitis, you can stop using drugs that are the causative agents of such a reaction of the body; taking antihistamines: "Loratadin", "Diazolin" and other antiseptic solutions.

Antihistamines have virtually no contraindications ("Loratadin" - contraindications: pregnancy, lactation, children under 2 years, "Diazolin" - contraindications: gastrointestinal problems, hypersensitivity). But this does not mean that consultation with a doctor is not necessary.

Radiation stomatitis

With this diagnosis, there are pinpoint hemorrhages on the oral mucosa during food intake; dry mouth; reduced taste sensations. In addition, the tongue acquires a rough texture, the mucous membrane becomes cyanotic in color, the saliva becomes viscous. The disease is accompanied by erosion and bad breath. Because of acute severe pain, the diseased try not to eat.

The causes of stomatitis in this situation are: incorrectly installed seals and metal crowns; radioactive isotopes used in agriculture, as well as in medicine.

The beginning of treatment is to eliminate the causes of stomatitis, that is, to remove all the irritating factors, for example, to replace seals or crowns. Further, local therapy is carried out, which includes the removal of dental calculi; for rinsing the mouth, 0.1% solution of potassium permanganate, 1% hydrogen peroxide solution, biomycin solution 100,000 units 0.05 liters of water; protein diet with vitamins.

Medicinal stomatitis

Medicinal stomatitis is an allergic reaction of the body to certain medications. Accordingly, the causes of stomatitis - drugs: immunomodulators, antibacterial, cytological preparations.

As for the symptoms, they can be completely different as drug stomatitis is catarrhal, catarrhal-hemorrhagic, erosive-ulcerative, ulcerative-necrotic, cheilitis, glossitis; fixed and common medication stomatitis.

Now let's proceed to treatment. As already noted, all stomatitis are treated with the elimination of the cause of stomatitis, that is, irritating factors. Therefore, in the case of drug stomatitis, it is necessary to stop taking medication. Further stomatitis is treated depending on the clinical picture, namely, if the medicinal stomatitis has a catarrhal form, then catarrhal stomatitis should be treated, if erosive-ulcerative, then erosive ulcer stomatitis and so on are treated.

The methods of treating these stomatitis have been discussed above.

Stomatitis after tooth extraction

There are cases when the removed tooth becomes the reason for occurrence of a stomatitis. Now there is a whole bunch of questions. Why is there a possibility of stomatitis after tooth extraction? Choosing a doctor can affect the onset of this disease? How to prevent a possible disease with stomatitis? What if the disease has already overtaken?

So, the answer to the first question.

The mucous membrane of the oral cavity is most susceptible to the risk of contracting any dental diseases at the moment when it irritates its surface. At the time of examination and treatment, a doctor with special instruments worries a sick tooth, touching the gum, which irritates the mucous membrane. But compliance with hygiene rules from the medical side excludes the risk of stomatitis to the maximum minimum. That is, the main cause of stomatitis after tooth extraction, in simple language, is dirt.

Now the second question. Of course, a lot depends on the doctor. As a rule, this is possible in public clinics, where treatment is free. But the variant of the disease is not excluded in a private, expensive hospital. It all depends on the attitude of the doctor to his work. In general, dentists are chosen by someone's recommendation. Again, as for the cause of stomatitis, the main factor is poorly processed devices.

Prophylactic methods that can prevent the appearance of stomatitis after tooth extraction are, first of all, in the choice of a doctor. Before taking it, you can rinse your mouth with antiseptic solutions.

Regarding the treatment, then Shostakovskiy's balm is an ideal option, then within one or two days the sores will pass. But, in any case, a visit to the dentist is necessary.

Contact stomatitis

Contact stomatitis is characterized by several symptoms, as "contact" - means that the disease passes through household items or other contact with sick people. The group of contact stomatitis includes:

• herpetic stomatitis,
• vesicular stomatitis,
• ulcerative-necrotic.

In accordance with the type of disease, a course of treatment is prescribed. And, behold, the causes of stomatitis are contact with a sick person or animal.

How to eliminate the causes of stomatitis of contact origin? It is impossible to do this, but there are preventive methods. Limit communication with a sick person to a minimum, but not everyone is talking about their illness. Therefore, care should be taken to ensure that there are individual dishes at the workplace, personal hygiene products, including a hand towel, wash hands before eating.

Regarding the treatment of contact stomatitis, then it should initially be determined with a specific diagnosis.

[6], [7], [8],

Prosthetic stomatitis

Prosthetic stomatitis is peculiar to the elderly due to their age-related changes in internal organs, especially chronic diseases of the digestive system. Among the patients, the predominant number is women.

The main causes of stomatitis are not the age and not the sex of a person, but the wrong technology of manufactured dentures. Also, dentures require special hygiene products, for example, Cleansing tablets "Protefix" (gels, powders of the same company), "President" cream from the manufacturer Betafarma SpA, paste for fixing dentures "COREGA", special brushes for cleaning dentures . The lack of proper care for dentures can also provoke prosthetic stomatitis.

To finally establish the causes of stomatitis, you should find out the history of the origin of stomatitis itself.

So, by origin prosthetic stomatitis can be:

• traumatic;
• toxic;
• allergic;
• acquired on the basis of physical factors.

The pathological process has this form:

• catarrhal;
• erosive;
• ulcerative;
• ulcerative-necrotic;
• hyperplastic.

The disease can proceed as follows:

• acutely; 
• subacute;
• chronically.

In addition, SOPRI distinguishes such pathological changes:

• focal;
• diffuse.

As for the degree of severity of the disease, the following stages are noted:

• light;
• average severity;
• severe severity.

In general, prosthetic stomatitis appears almost immediately after the installation of removable dentures due to inadequate size and shape of the base or other errors in relation to the established norms concerning the application of dentures.

How to treat a traumatic stomatitis? Initially, it is necessary to eliminate the causes of stomatitis, that is, in this case an incorrectly installed prosthesis. The denture is either completely replaced by another, or is adjusted in accordance with the necessary standards. Further treatment depends on how the stomatitis develops, from its form and specific pathologies, which we considered above. But, as it were not there, antiseptic means "Decatalene", "Methylene blue" or "Iodine-povidone", means for the care of dentures are used. In any case, the dentist in the process of correction of the denture will reveal the form and form of stomatitis, and of course, prescribe the treatment.

Toxic stomatitis

Above we considered, it would seem, all types of stomatitis, but no, they are exactly the same as the causative agents of this disease. So, another kind of stomatitis is toxic. Here are the causes of stomatitis: the reaction of the body to the effect of "heavy" metals, which enter the mucous membrane of the oral cavity due to the electrochemical processes between the metal prostheses.

Toxic stomatitis is characterized by such symptoms: acid taste; burning tongue; hypersalivation; defeat of the general nervous state; gastrointestinal inflammatory processes. Regarding the burning of the tongue, it can be said that the sensations depend on the number of installed metal dentures, the period of their existence in the mouth. Some complain of unbearable burning sensation, others complain of tolerant feelings. Sometimes burning tongue is accompanied by a headache and a bad dream.

Hypersalivation makes itself felt within 7 days after the installation of bridges (from gold 900 tests, stainless steel) prostheses. In this case, the saliva gets too "liquid" basis due to pauperism.

Hydrogen ions create an acid taste in the mouth, especially during the intake of acidic foods. This is possible, as a rule, after fixing dentures from different metals.

Paresthesia is characteristic in those cases when the nervous condition, irritability for example is broken. It manifests itself by a sensation of tingling, numbness, burning and so on.

In the case of toxic stomatitis, consultation with the dentist can not be postponed as it is necessary to eliminate the causes of stomatitis, and to deal with its urgent treatment, since the action of metals is harmful not only for the oral mucosa, but for the whole organism. For example, chemical irritants (chloride salts of zinc, copper, cobalt) in metal prostheses can affect the peripheral nervous system. The content of leukocytes and erythrocytes in the blood also changes.

Many people neglect medical advice and look for solutions to the problem by the method - online. But, in this situation it is impossible, because, the treatment consists in removing dentures and other orthopedic installations in the oral cavity. Concerning drug treatment here in general it is very difficult to say the way diagnosis itself causes difficulties. Before appointing the medication, the dentist sends a comprehensive examination, including laboratory tests and the involvement of interns. Only after that you can talk about medicines.

Stomatitis with teething

The most difficult period for the child and his parents is the period of teething. At this moment, you may have fever, diarrhea, poor health, pain in the gums and even stomatitis. What are the causes of stomatitis with teething?

At this time, the mucous membrane of the oral cavity is susceptible to inflammatory processes, and stomatitis is no exception. Plaque on the tongue and bad breath are the first signs of stomatitis. It is clear that a visit to a doctor is mandatory. Treat such stomatitis with the help of antiseptic solutions "Methylene blue", for example, also "Baby-Dent" - a drug designed specifically for children who have come the period of teething. "Baby-Dent" - removes toothache, reduces inflammation of the gums, and is also an excellent antiseptic.

Do not exclude options for a more severe course of the disease: the presence of sores, white coating, temperature to 40º, refusal to eat, whims, excessive salivation, redness and swelling on the mucous membranes of the mouth.

Causes of stomatitis in adults

Adults are prone to diseases of this kind, not only because of non-compliance with hygiene rules, but also due to other factors that can cause stomatitis. The causes of stomatitis in adults can be different:

• contact - contact with a sick person,
• bacterial - a stomatitis caused by bacteria,
• viral - stomatitis on the basis of the presence of viruses in the body,
• traumatic - stomatitis, formed as a result of trauma,
• medication - stomatitis, the basis of which is the taking of medications, for example, antibiotics and analgesics,
• prosthetic and so on.

All these diseases and the causes of stomatitis we analyzed above.

It is impossible to completely eliminate the causative agent of stomatitis, but for preventive maintenance, we again repeat, we necessarily use personal utensils for food intake and regular washing of hands. Do not forget about the preventive examination at the dentist.

[9], [10], [11]

Causes of stomatitis in children

Just like in adults, children are susceptible to this disease for various reasons, but most often, the pathogens are: fungal infections, viruses, bacteria. Yes, and I would also like to tell my parents that the temperature (low - ice cream, or high - hot soup) food is also the cause of stomatitis. It should be monitored that your child eats as at this age it is food that affects the mucosa of the oral cavity and other organs. Children should regularly inspect the oral cavity as possible the presence of micro-traumas, in which infection may occur. That is, any mechanical damage is an "input" for the disease. When detecting microtraumas, it is necessary to treat the wounds with antiseptics "Decatilen", "Methylene blue", "Iodine-povidone" or mouthwash "Furacilin".

Contact causes of stomatitis. In childhood it is difficult to understand that communicating with their peers can pick up the disease. Moreover, stomatitis can be transmitted not only through common objects, but also by airborne droplets.

No matter how accessible alternative treatment seems to be, the diagnosis of a traditional specialist is very important, as soon as this way you can identify the causes of stomatitis and prescribe the right treatment.

[12], [13], [14]