Why do my nails turn yellow and what to do?

The color of the nails is an indicator of the health of the body. Let's consider why yellow nails on hands and feet. Methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of this problem.

Dyschromia of the nail plate is not only a cosmetic problem, but may indicate serious diseases of the body, a deficiency of useful micro and macronutrients, or a consequence of bad habits. [1]

The main causes of nail discoloration include:

• Painted nail polish - frequent manicure with coating can cause yellowing. To eliminate this problem, you should polish the nail surface and temporarily abandon coloring.
• Drug therapy - taking certain medications, especially antibiotics, can cause such changes. After completion of the course of treatment and elimination of active components of the drug from the body, the condition will normalize.
• Nicotine addiction - smokers due to smoke, the upper layers of the nail plate acquire a yellowish color. To restore the normal color, it is enough to give up the bad habit.
• Pressure on the nail - squeezing by uncomfortable shoes and deformation of the foot lead to this cosmetic problem. For treatment, you should consult a specialist who will give recommendations for wearing special insoles to reduce the load on the foot.
• Various diseases - if in addition to color changes, delamination, peeling and other pathological processes are observed, you should immediately consult a specialist. In this case, unpleasant symptoms may indicate problems with the liver, lungs, psoriasis, tumor neoplasms, a sharp decline in the protective forces of the immune system and much more.

Epidemiology

According to research, onychomycosis (fungal disease) is the most common cause of yellowing of the nails on hands and feet. Medical statistics indicate that the prevalence of this problem increases significantly with age. It should also be taken into account that about 1/3 of diabetics are susceptible to these changes, as well as 50% of people with psoriasis.

Causes of the yellow nails

It should be noted that most often with yellowing of the nails are faced by people of advanced age, and both men and women. This may be due to active intake of medications, deformation of the nail plate and a number of other factors. There is also such a concept as "senile nail". To prevent this problem, it is necessary to take care of the nails, visit a podologist and dermatologist, wear comfortable shoes with orthopedic insoles.

Why do toenails and hand nails turn yellow?

If the nails on your hands or feet are yellowing, you should consult a specialist. Such changes may indicate such problems:

1. Diseases of the endocrine system.
2. Diabetes mellitus.
3. Jaundice.
4. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies.
5. Liver disease.

An unpleasant aesthetic picture can also be caused by such factors:

1. Using cheap nail polish.
2. Smoking.
3. Prolonged use of antibiotics and other medications.
4. Fungal diseases.
5. Using household chemicals without protective gloves.

In most cases, the nail plate signals the internal state of the body. In this case, changes are subjected not only to nails, but also to hair and skin. Yellowing can be accompanied by a complex of additional symptoms:

• Abundant flaking around the nail.
• Brittleness and delamination of the structure.
• Unpleasant odor.
• Plate deformation.
• Inflammatory growths around the plate.

Changes on the feet can be associated with infectious diseases or constant sweating of the feet. In this case, the appearance of the plate is similar to a dry branch, which gradually crumbles into small particles.

If, in addition to yellowing, there is thickening of the nail, i.e. Its deformation, it usually indicates a disturbance of microcirculation. It is necessary to consult a podiatrist, who will give recommendations for treatment.

Why do toenails and hand nails turn yellow in women?

By the color and shape of the nails can be judged about the general state of health of a person. Any changes in the nail plate can be a sign of serious diseases. In women, most often the nails turn yellow because of poor-quality nail polish. Also possible causes of cosmetic defect include:

• Fungal infections. [2]
• Psoriasis.
• Endocrine disorders.
• Injuries and bruises (in addition to discoloration, separation of the plate from the bed is possible).
• Bad habits.
• Old age.
• Jaundice.
• Pregnancy period.
• Blood circulation disorder.
• Hypothyroidism (decreased thyroid function).
• Infectious diseases.
• Lymphedema.
• Yellow nail syndrome (YNS) is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by the triad of yellow thick nail, lymphedema and respiratory disease. [3]

Methods of restoring the color of nails on hands and feet depend entirely on the causes and factors that caused the changes. If the disorder is associated with unstarted mycotic lesions, then antifungal gels, creams and special therapeutic coatings with antifungal properties will help.

Why do toenails turn yellow in men?

There are many reasons why nails turn yellow. Unpleasant condition can be associated with disorders in the work of internal organs or caused by external factors. Change in the color of the nail plate on the legs of men is associated with the following causes:

• Diseases of the endocrine system.
• Taking antibacterial and other medications.
• Exposure to corrosive substances.
• Psoriasis.
• Fungal diseases.
• Infectious lesions.
• Tight and constricting shoes.

Yellowing appears in congenital nail diseases - onychogryphosis. In this case, in addition to the change in color, the nail thickens, becomes hard, deformed. Another common pathology is dystrophic onychia. The disease is caused by a temporary violation of the function of the nail matrix (epithelium, the cells of which are responsible for the growth of the plate). Also do not exclude the impact of local factors, which can be due to the peculiarities of professional activity.

Treatment begins with determining the cause of the changes. If they are caused by fungus, then a complex therapy is necessary, which includes a course of antibacterial drugs, the use of topical agents, laser cleaning by a podologist. Highly effective have antifungal varnishes that penetrate into the deep layers of the affected areas, destroying the fungal infection. Special attention is paid to preventive measures.

Risk factors

Yellowing of the nails can be caused not only by various diseases of the body, but also by certain factors. Such risk factors include:

• Frequent coloring of nails with low-quality nail polish.
• Nicotine addiction.
• Prolonged drug therapy (taking antibiotics).
• Using household chemicals without protective gloves.

Special attention should be paid to occupational factors. For example, discoloration can be caused by the accumulation of chromium compounds or the influence of elevated temperatures. In hot production shops and when working with chemicals, the nail plate turns yellow due to local factors.

If we talk about onychomycosis, the main factors of its appearance include:

• Reduced immune system defenses.
• Wearing rubber and uncomfortable shoes.
• Varicose veins.
• Vascular disease.
• Pathologies on the part of the endocrine system.
• Close contact with a fungus patient.

The changes may be due to avitaminosis. Like any tissue of the body, the nail needs a constant supply of useful macro and microelements. Deficiency of useful substances negatively affects hair, skin condition and of course general health.

Also do not exclude lesions of infectious nature, which run with dystrophy of nail plates: rheumatism, Raynaud's disease, elephantiasis, varicose veins. In women, similar changes are found in the postpartum period.

Pathogenesis

The mechanism of nail plate discoloration depends on many factors. The appearance of yellowness can be caused by wearing tight shoes, using low-quality varnishes or fungal infection. In some cases, the pathogenesis is caused by endocrine diseases, such as diabetes mellitus or pathologies on the part of internal organs.

Symptoms of the yellow nails

The symptomatology of yellowing of the nail plate depends entirely on the causes and factors that provoked and triggered the pathological process. If the problem is caused by a fungal infection, then the onset of the disease is similar to eczema, psoriasis and even flat lichen. It should also be taken into account that symptoms do not appear immediately, since the disease passes an incubation period from 14 days to several months.

The first thing the patient begins to notice is a slight change in the color of the nail from pale pink to yellowish or whitish, and streaks may appear. Some patients note itching and burning between the toes. There may also be thickening of the nail structure and an increase in the nail bed. The appearance of such symptoms is a reason for immediate contact with the attending physician.

In most cases, the yellowing of the nail plate is asymptomatic. But despite this, there are a number of first signs that can indicate the development of a pathological condition:

• Thinning of the nail.
• Redness and flaking of the cuticle.
• Delamination, thickening, deformation of the plate.
• Increased brittleness.
• The appearance of streaks at the nail bed.
• Separation of the nail from the skin.
• Itching and burning.
• Cracks in the interfinger folds.

The appearance of the above symptoms can be a sign of both fungal lesions and more serious pathological processes in the body.

The nails thicken and turn yellow.

Most often with the problem of yellowing and thickening of the nails are faced in the fall and winter period. The painful condition is caused by several factors:

• Insufficient oxygenation due to wearing warm and tight shoes.
• Lack of proper care of hands, feet.
• Freezing extremities.
• Uncomfortable shoes.
• Mechanical damage.
• Chemical exposure (frequent painting with varnish, use of acetone).
• Nicotine addiction.
• Drug therapy.

The aesthetic defect can be caused by a deterioration of the general state of health, so it is not superfluous to visit a therapist to take tests. The main diseases that cause such changes in the nail plate include:

• Psoriasis.
• Fungus.
• Avitaminosis.
• Rheumatism.
• Gout.
• Eczema.
• Circulatory disorders.

To determine the cause of nail thickening and discoloration, the patient is tested for onychomycosis, general and biochemical blood tests. If there is a suspicion of pathologies on the side of the lungs, a chest X-ray is performed. According to the results of the diagnosis, the patient is prescribed treatment and given recommendations for the prevention of this disorder.

Yellow toenail on my thumb.

One of the important indicators of health are the color and shape of the nail plates. Any changes indicate pathological processes in the body or the presence of disease. If the nail on the thumb or foot turns yellow, it is most often due to its traumatization. But there are a number of other factors that can also cause the defect:

• Acute and chronic liver disease.
• Deficiency of beneficial microorganisms in the body (microflora imbalance).
• Skin fungal diseases.
• "Yellow toenail syndrome." This pathology occurs with swelling of the lower extremities, lung problems.
• Endocrine disorders.
• CNS disorders.
• Failure to practice good personal hygiene.
• Prolonged drug therapy.

If it is determined that the changes are caused by chronic liver disease, then the patient is waiting for complex treatment with the intake of medications. In this case, the speed of nail recovery depends entirely on the state of the liver and the results of therapy.

In fungal lesions, the patient is prescribed drugs for internal use and external treatment of the plates. In especially neglected cases, surgical intervention and laser treatment is performed. If the changes are associated with a decrease in the protective forces of the immune system, the patient is prescribed a complex of immune-stimulating drugs, vitamins and minerals, the action of which is aimed at strengthening the immune system.

Nails are yellowing and flaking

There are many causes of nail delamination and discoloration. If the problem occurs on the hands, it may be due to constant contact with detergents and cleaning agents, household chemicals.

In this case, to reduce the negative impact on the nail plate, you should use protective gloves, wash your hands after work and do not forget about moisturizing cream. An essential component of nail health is a balanced diet, comprehensive body recovery and professional care.

If the nails are not only broken, but also yellow, it may be due to the use of low-quality nail polish and nail polish remover. Possible causes of the disorder include prolonged intake of antibiotics, fungal lesions, endocrine disorders and various diseases of the body. To establish the cause of the defect, you should consult a doctor and take a set of tests.

The nails are yellowing and flaking off

Onycholysis is a detachment of the nail plate. The pathological process most often affects one of the fingers or toes, less often affects the entire limb. In 60% of cases, the changes are associated with traumatization of the nail and soft tissues. About 30% develop due to chronic dermatomycosis and 10% are systemic somatic diseases (dermatoses, pyoderma).

All causes of yellowing and peeling nails can be divided into two groups:

1. Infectious causes

• Mycosis - as a result of trauma, active fungal spores get under the nail. Because of this, the process of detachment from the bed begins, and the detachment has uneven edges and there are color changes. Another feature of fungal lesions is an unpleasant odor of decomposition from the nails.

• Human papillomavirus - warts are also an infectious cause of onycholysis. Fingers on both hands and feet can be affected. If you notice a bump under a raised nail, it is most likely a subnail wart. A bacterial infection has similar symptoms.

2. Internal causes

• Systemic liver disease.
• Deficiency of useful micro and macronutrients in the body.
• Cardiovascular disease.
• Diseases of the GI organs.
• Lesions of the nervous and endocrine systems.
• Prolonged drug therapy.
• Various skin diseases (eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis).
• Allergic Reactions.

To diagnose nail plate lesions, it is necessary to take a scraping from the lesion for fungal infections. This will help to exclude somatic diseases.

With any diagnosis, the patient is waiting for long-term treatment and a set of therapeutic and preventive measures. An obligatory component of therapy is the intake of vitamins and mineral-containing preparations. The patient may also be prescribed angioprotectors, a course of physical procedures.

Yellow nails from nail polish

Coloring with lacquer allows you to give your nails a special elegance, correct their shape and appearance. But in some cases, frequent use of nail polish leads to yellowing of the nail plate. Let's consider the main causes of this problem:

• The application of a decorative coating without a base coat. This causes colored pigments to penetrate deep into the unprotected plate, staining it.
• Use of low-quality cosmetics. Thus, cheap lacquers contain formaldehyde and nitrocellulose, which negatively affect the appearance of nails.
• Use of aggressive and acetone-containing manicure removers.
• Thick coating - due to the thick coating, the nail plate stops breathing. Disturbance of air exchange leads to yellowing and peeling, makes the stratum corneum thin and very brittle.
• Mechanical damage - in the process of manicure for better adhesion of the base, the master slightly removes the top layer of the plate. In the process of filing can occur microcracks, which are an excellent breeding ground for pathogens.
• Using iodine to strengthen nails - frequent coloring with iodine or using baths with this remedy can cause chemical burns to the nail plates.

In addition to the above reasons, a cosmetic defect can be due to a failure in the work of internal organs and systems. This can be chronic diseases of the liver, lymphatic system, gallbladder, vitamin and mineral deficiency, endocrine pathologies, immunodeficiency conditions.

Treatment methods depend entirely on the causes of yellowing, so should be determined by a specialist. If everything is all right with your health, it is enough to refuse to cover your nails with nail polish for a couple of months. This will allow the plate to restore its natural color.

The nail is yellowing and coming off

Such symptomatology may indicate such diseases:

• Onycholysis - an air cavity is formed perpendicular to the nail bed, from which the plate begins to detach and change its color.
• Kaylonchinia - an air-blood hematoma forms under the platysma, and the detachment starts from the middle part of the nail.
• Onychomadesis - the nail comes off at the base, the person complains of marked soreness and inflammation.

All of the above diseases begin with the fact that the nail turns yellow, but as the pathology progresses, the plate acquires a brownish color. Such negative changes can be due to infectious, non-infectious and somatic causes.

Other risk factors include strepto-staphylococcal pathogens, fungi of the genus Candida, trauma, chemical exposure, prolonged use of varnishes, and drug therapy.

The method of treatment depends entirely on the reasons for which there is a change in the shade and departure of the nail plate. To do this, you should consult a doctor, undergo a comprehensive diagnosis, according to the results of which therapy will be prescribed.

Yellowing under the fingernails

A change in the color of the skin of the finger and the area under the nail is a serious symptom that can indicate problems in the work of the liver or gallbladder. In this case, discoloration occurs due to an increased level of bilirubin in the blood. Treatment of this condition is complex, so it is carried out by the attending physician after a comprehensive diagnosis.

One of the most harmless reasons why yellowing under the nails is an excess of carotene. This happens if a person abuses citrus fruits, drinks a lot of carrot juice and other coloring foods. After changing the diet, the condition of the nails is restored.

Also do not exclude that staining can be associated with the use of various household chemicals. In the latter case it is necessary to use protective gloves to prevent the appearance of yellowness.

The tips of my nails are yellowing

One of the most common causes of discoloration of the nail tips is fungal diseases. As the disease progresses, yellowing is joined by other symptoms: itching between the fingers, brittleness and delamination of the nails, deformation of the plate. To confirm mycosis, the patient passes a set of laboratory tests. Based on the results of the diagnosis, the doctor prescribes systemic and local drugs.

Also do not exclude that the cosmetic defect is caused by disorders in the work of internal organs, a decrease in the protective forces of the immune system or the use of household chemicals and other coloring agents.

Yellowing of the skin around the nails

Change in the color of the skin around the nail plate occurs due to the action of many factors and does not look very beautiful. Yellowing of the cuticle is most often associated with the following causes:

• Liver dysfunction.
• Endocrine disruption.
• Nicotine addiction.
• Vitamin deficiency.
• Improper nutrition.
• A bad manicure.
• Fungal infection.
• Using low-quality nail polish.
• Working with coloring agents, household chemicals.

If the yellowness persists for a long period of time and does not go away after the elimination of the above factors, it is necessary to seek medical help. The doctor will prescribe a set of laboratory and instrumental tests that will allow to differentiate the root cause of the disorder and start its treatment.

Yellow nails in pregnancy

Carrying a baby brings changes to the way the whole body works. Many expectant mothers experience yellowing of the nails on their hands and/or feet during pregnancy. In addition to a change in color, there may be delamination and increased brittleness of the nail plate, the appearance of furrows, pigment spots.

The main reason for this is hormonal changes. Also do not forget that the quality of nails directly depends on the blood supply. Poor blood circulation leads to slow nail growth, pale skin, cramps and other negative symptoms.

Dyschromia in pregnant women can also be caused by such conditions:

• Bacterial and fungal infections.
• Unstable psycho-emotional state.
• Chronic diseases of the lungs, liver, kidneys.
• Endocrine pathologies.
• Iron deficiency anemia.

The treatment of nail plate changes should be handled by a qualified specialist. The pregnant woman is examined by a gynecologist, dermatologist and mycologist. According to the results of the diagnosis, the woman is prescribed a suitable treatment. In particularly severe cases, therapy is postponed until the birth of the child.

Yellow toenails on a child's toes

The most common cause of yellowing toenails in the baby is a fungal infection. Unpleasant symptom may indicate wearing tight shoes, traumatization of the limbs and serious disorders of internal organs.

Yellow nail syndrome is rightly considered a valuable diagnostic sign of various pathologic processes that may pose a threat to the patient's health. Possible causes of the disorder include:

• Hereditary and autoimmune disorders.
• Pathologies of the gallbladder and biliary tract.
• Lymphatic flow disorders.
• Peripheral circulation disorders.
• Drug therapy.
• Onychomycosis.
• Psoriasis.
• Onychodystrophy.

Diagnosis of an unpleasant condition is handled by a dermatologist. The doctor takes into account the patient's anamnesis, conducts a scraping and culture for fungi, biochemical blood tests. It is mandatory to differentiate with onychomycosis, onychodystrophy, avitominosis.

Complications and consequences

Yellowing of the nails is often associated with problems in the immune system. If the changes are caused by a fungal infection, it can lead to serious consequences and complications.

• Spread of infection to neighboring nails, skin, organs.
• Exacerbation of chronic diseases.
• Deterioration of the appearance of the nails, their brittleness, delamination and destruction.
• Deformation of the nail bed.
• The appearance of calluses, flat feet, arthritis.
• Skin rashes, itching, burning (fungus is a strong allergen).

Advanced stages of onychomycosis are dangerous because toxins can enter the systemic bloodstream and spread throughout the body, affecting internal organs and systems. Such intoxication threatens the development of toxidermia, toxic hepatopathy, toxic-allergic damage to the heart, liver and other organs.

Diagnostics of the yellow nails

If you have yellow nails on your hands or feet, you should go to a general practitioner for a consultation. The doctor will examine the nail plate, take a medical history and refer you to a dermatologist or podiatrist for further diagnosis.

Diagnosis includes a set of both laboratory and instrumental studies:

• X-ray - allows you to exclude tuberculosis, pneumonia and other diseases of the lungs, respiratory system.
• Biochemical blood test - excludes pathologies on the part of the liver, thyroid gland and blood vessels.
• Blood glucose testing - detects endocrine abnormalities, one of which is diabetes mellitus.
• Scraping - is performed to detect fungal invasions and to determine the sensitivity of the organism to antifungal drugs.

If in the process of diagnosis it is established that yellow nails are a consequence of disorders on the part of internal organs, then a complex therapy is carried out. Patients can be treated not only by a dermatologist, but also by an endocrinologist, infectious disease specialist, neurologist and other narrow specialists.

Analyses

As for the laboratory diagnosis of yellowing nails, it does not require special preparation and has a certain algorithm. The first thing that the patient is checked for is fungus. Two weeks before taking the tests, you should stop using any antifungal drugs and antibiotics, do not carry out topical therapy.

A piece of nail with the affected area is taken for examination or a scraping is made from the site of yellowing.

• Microscopic examination - identifies the fungus by staining the material taken and examining it under a microscope. If fungal spores are detected, samples may be sent for bacteriologic diagnosis.
• Bacteriologic examination - it can be used to determine the type of pathogen. The duration of the analysis is about 10 days. The collected material is placed in a nutrient medium in which fungal colonies are formed. Later they are studied under a microscope, determining the type of fungus and its concentration. Sensitivity to drugs is also determined.
• The PCR method is used to detect a specific type of fungus. This method is characterized by high accuracy and efficiency.

In addition to the above tests, the patient takes a biochemical blood test, urinalysis and other. This is necessary to assess the condition of internal organs, which may also be the cause of changes.

Instrumental diagnostics

Instrumental methods may include a nail plate scraping. The scraping is taken to confirm fungal invasion and determine the type of fungus. Based on the results of the diagnosis, the doctor makes a plan for further treatment.

Also to instrumental methods can be attributed ultrasound examination of the liver and other internal organs, body structures. Ultrasound is prescribed in case of suspicion of internal pathologies as a cause of yellowing of the nails on the hands and/or feet.

Differential diagnosis

An obligatory component of examinations in lesions and changes in the color of the nail plate is differential diagnosis. First of all, it is differentiation with onychomycosis, i.e. Fungal lesions.

Also, it should not be excluded that yellowing can be caused by pathologies such as:

• Psoriasis - on the nail plate there are pitting, on the skin rashes, plaques characteristic of the disease.
• Trachionychia - the nails are very thin, there are many longitudinal grooves (rough to the touch) and other deformities.
• Candidiasis of the nails and nail shafts (occurs more often on the feet) - detachment and yellowing of the stratum corneum, redness and swelling of the posterior nail shaft.
• Red flat lichen planus - thinning nails with longitudinal stripes, grooves, very brittle. There are rashes on the skin typical for this pathology.
• Congenital pachyonychia - similar in symptomatology to fungus, there is thickening, discoloration and folding of the nails. Affects both lower and upper extremities. It may occur with thickening of the skin on the feet and palms.
• Eczema - in this case, it should be taken into account that the nail is affected from the proximal edge, changes shape, delaminates. The disorder runs with periods of remission and relapses.

To carry out differential diagnosis, the patient is prescribed a set of laboratory and instrumental studies. When making a final diagnosis, the doctor takes into account the results of the tests performed, the collected anamnesis, symptomatology, features of the course and onset of pathology.

Treatment of the yellow nails

Methods of treatment of yellowing nails directly depend on the causes that caused the changes. If attempts to cope with the problem at home were unsuccessful, you should consult a doctor.

• If the cosmetic defect is caused by problems with the liver, the patient is waiting for a course of drug therapy to restore and maintain the health of the organ. The nail plate will regrow as the general condition improves.
• If the disorder is associated with a weakened immune system, the patient is treated by an immunologist. The doctor prescribes special vitamin complexes and medicines to stimulate the immune system.
• If the yellow color is caused by a fungal infection, the patient is prescribed antifungal therapy. This can be drugs for a complex effect on the body, as well as means for local application to the focus of the lesion.

In any case, if you have yellowed nails on your hands or feet, this symptom should not be left to chance. It is necessary to consult a specialist in order to determine what caused these changes and how to eliminate them.

What should you do if your nails are yellowing?

If, after a comprehensive examination, the cause of yellowing is purely cosmetic in nature, you can cope with it at home. Let's take a closer look at what you can do if your nails are yellowing:

• One of the simplest and most effective means to restore the color of the nail plate - baths with lemon juice. Take the juice of one lemon for 250 ml of water. Immerse your fingers in the liquid for 10-15 minutes. The procedure is carried out 2-3 times a week.
• Baking soda compresses are no less effective. Take baking soda and mix it with water in the proportion of 1:1, you should get a mass of sour cream consistency. Apply the mixture on the nails for 20-30 minutes, wash off with warm water.
• Another option for inexpensive but effective treatment is various baths based on essential oils. Take ½ cup of warm water, add to it a teaspoon of sea salt, a few drops of eucalyptus, tea tree and bergamot oil. The procedure is carried out for 10-15 minutes. Tea tree oil can be used to rub into the nail plate.

Note that all therapeutic procedures should be performed at least 2-3 times a week.

Medications

The choice of medication to restore the color of the nail plate depends on the reasons that caused its changes. Most often, bleaching creams or antifungal agents are used for this purpose. Let's consider popular pharmacy remedies for yellowing of nails on both hands and feet:

Lamisil

A broad-spectrum antifungal agent from the pharmacological group of allylamines. It is used for treatment of fungal lesions of nails, skin and hair caused by various dermatophytes. Antifungal effect is provided by reducing the concentration of ergosterol and suppressing the biosynthesis of stearins in the fungal membrane.

• Indications for use: onychomycosis, variegated lichen planus, yeast lesions of the skin, mycoses of the skin and scalp.
• How to use: 1-2 times a day depending on the severity of the lesion and the type of pathogen. The patient's condition improves within 3-5 days, but the course of application of the drug should last at least 5-12 weeks. The optimal duration of treatment of the nail plate is determined by the time required for a complete change of the nail. With early termination of treatment, there is a risk of relapse.
• Side effects: allergic reactions, redness and itching, urticaria. In rare cases, patients note the appearance of nausea and vomiting, dyspeptic disorders, liver function disorders.
• Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, patients under 12 years of age. Use during pregnancy is possible only on strict medical indications.

Form of release: spray 1% in bottles of 30 ml with atomizer, cream 1% in tubes of 15 and 30 ml.

Nizoral

Antifungal agent. It has funcinicidal and fungistatic properties. It contains the active component - ketoconazole (imidazoldiaxolan derivative), which has a wide spectrum of antifungal action. In external use, the active substance does not penetrate into the systemic bloodstream and is not determined in blood plasma.

• Indications for use: cream for external use is used for dermatomycosis and cutaneous mycoses caused by Candida fungus, as well as pityriasis, seborrhea, inguinal epidermophytosis, epidermophytosis of feet and hands. Oral tablets are used for the treatment and prevention of mycoses caused by various pathogens that are sensitive to ketoconazole. The drug is effective in fungal lesions of mucous membranes of the GI tract, chronic vaginal candidiasis, mycoses of the skin and nail plates, systemic mycoses. Shampoo is prescribed for seborrheic dermatitis and variegated scalp lichen planus.
• The method of administration, dosage and duration of therapy depend on the indications for use of the drug and its form of release, so it is determined by the attending physician, individually for each patient.
• Side effects: most often develop when using tablets. Patients note headaches and dizziness, increased intracranial pressure. Gastrointestinal disorders are possible. When using topical release forms, such reactions were noted: skin itching, irritation, burning at the application site, contact dermatitis (extremely rare).
• Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the drug components, severe kidney and liver diseases, pregnancy and lactation. Tablets with caution are prescribed to patients with hormonal disorders and when taking drugs that have a toxic effect on the liver.

Form of release: tablets 10 pcs. In a blister of 1.3 blisters in a package, cream for external use of 15 g in a tube, shampoo in bottles of 25 and 60 ml.

Exoderil

Antifungal medicinal product for topical application. It contains the active component - naphthifin (synthetic antimycotic from the pharmacological group of allylamines). The mechanism of action of the drug is based on the ability to inhibit the biosynthesis of ergosterol in the fungal cell by affecting squalene epoxidase. The drug is effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, causative agents of pityriasis. When applied topically, it penetrates well into the skin layers and nail plates.

• Indications for use: fungal lesions of the nails, epidermophytosis of skin folds and feet, trichophytosis, fungal lesions of the scalp, cutaneous candidiasis, bran lichen. It is also used in mycoses complicated by secondary bacterial infection.
• How to use: cream and solution is used externally, applying to clean and dry affected areas of the skin. In the treatment of yellowing of nails caused by onychomycosis, before starting therapy should remove the maximum amount of the affected area of the plate. The duration of therapy is determined by the attending physician.
• Side effects: local reactions in the form of dryness and redness of the skin, burning at the site of application of the drug. Side effects pass on their own and do not require withdrawal of the drug. No cases of overdose have been recorded.
• Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the drug components. The drug should not be applied to damaged skin and wound surfaces, avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes. It is used with special caution for the treatment of pediatric patients.

Form of release: solution for topical use of 10 ml in a bottle, cream for topical use of 15 g in a tube.

Zalain

Another effective antifungal topical medication. It contains the active ingredient sertaconazole. Due to its chemical structure, the active substance has two different mechanisms of action against fungal and yeast pathogens.

• Indications for use: the cream is used for skin mycoses caused by microorganisms sensitive to the drug. The drug is prescribed for epidermophytosis, dermatophytosis, pityriasis, dermatomycosis, candida lesions. Vaginal suppositories are used for local therapy of vaginal mucosa infections caused by drug-sensitive microorganisms, including mixed vaginal infections, candidiasis.
• How to use: the cream is applied to damaged areas of the skin and nail plates 1-2 times a day until the complete disappearance of painful symptoms. The product is applied in a thin layer, affecting a small area of healthy tissue.
• Side effects: the drug is well tolerated, in rare cases the development of erythema is observed, which quickly passes and does not require withdrawal of the drug.
• Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

Form of release: cream in a tube of 20 g, vaginal suppositories 1 piece in a package.

Mycosan

Medicinal product for the treatment and prevention of fungal lesions of the nail plate. The active ingredient is a filtrate of rye enzyme. Its antifungal activity has been experimentally confirmed. Also in the composition of Mycosan includes pentylene glycol, dimethylisosorbide and hydroxyethyl cellulose. The interaction of active components creates a water-soluble film on the surface of the nail plate, which protects against re-infiltration of pathogenic flora. At the same time, the active ingredients penetrate deep into the affected nail, destroying the lipid shell of fungi, blocking their growth and reproduction.

• Indications: treatment and prevention of fungal lesions of the nail plate. Strengthening of nails with their increased brittleness.
• How to use: the drug is applied directly to the surface of the nails 2 times a day with a time interval of 12 hours. Duration of treatment from 1 month and more. After applying the drug, you should wait for it to dry for 1-2 minutes. Also during the entire course of therapy it is necessary once a week to carefully remove the top layer of the affected surface with a disposable file (comes with the drug).
• Side effects: various hypersensitivity reactions, skin rashes around the nail, itching.
• Contraindications: individual intolerance to the drug components, patients under 4 years of age, pregnant women. No cases of overdose have been identified.

Form of release: serum for application to the nail plate. The drug is available in a tube of polymer material with a brush and disposable files (10 pcs.).

Pantovigar

A complex drug, the action of which is aimed at restoring the structure and accelerating the growth of nails and hair. The drug contains components that contribute to the proper formation of nail and hair structure: calcium D-pantothenate, cystine, thiamine, medical yeast and other substances.

• Indications: nail infections, improving the structure of the nail plate, androgenic alopecia, diffuse hair loss of non-hormonal genesis, degenerative changes in hair structure.
• How to use: orally 1 capsule three times a day. The average duration of the course of treatment from 3 to 6 months.
• Side effects: hypersensitivity skin reactions, skin itching, burning, urticaria, tachycardia, nausea and vomiting, dyspeptic disorders, pain in the epigastric region, increased sweating.
• Contraindications: intolerance to the components of the drug, pediatric practice, first trimester of pregnancy, lactation.

Form of release: 15 capsules in a blister, 2, 6 blisters in a package.

Before using the above preparations, it should be taken into account that local remedies are useless if the cause of yellowing of the nails was caused by pathologies of internal organs. In this case, therapy is aimed at eliminating the underlying disease.

Vitamins

Very often problems with nails appear due to a deficiency of vitamins and minerals in the body. Thus, yellowing can indicate a lack of iron, delamination and increased brittleness - a deficiency of vitamin B, C, and severe brittleness - a lack of keratin.

Let's take a look at the main vitamins that are essential for the growth of beautiful, healthy and strong nails:

• Vitamin A - retinol ensures the integrity of epithelial cells, controls bone growth.
• B1 - involved in the process of carbohydrate metabolism.
• B2 - speeds up the process of cellular respiration.
• B3 - supports cellular respiration and the process of carbohydrate metabolism.
• B6 - regulates protein metabolism, takes part in the formation of neurotransmitters.
• B9 - promotes the formation of amino acids, nucleotides, and nucleic acid.
• B12 - important for cell growth, takes part in the process of hematopoiesis and formation of new cells.
• C - increases the protective properties of the immune system, takes part in the formation of collagen, supports the good functioning of cartilage, bones, teeth, nails. It plays an important role in the creation of hemoglobin, i.e. Forms red blood cells.
• P - responsible for redox processes, distributes ascorbic acid throughout the body.
• E - slows down the aging process, stabilizes red blood cells.
• N - takes part in cholesterol metabolism, regulates liver function.

In addition to vitamins, you should ensure that your nails are receiving these mineral compounds to maintain healthy nails:

• Copper - responsible for the strength of blood vessels, prevents oxygen deprivation.
• Iron - aids in the distribution of oxygen throughout the body.
• Zinc - stimulates the immune system.
• Phosphorus - deficiency of this substance negatively affects the state of bone and dental tissue.
• Magnesium - stabilizes blood pressure.
• Manganese - controls metabolic processes in the body.

To provide the body with the above vitamins and minerals, multivitamin complexes can be taken. But special attention should be paid to a balanced diet. The daily menu should include amino acids, protein, healthy fats, carbohydrates.

Physiotherapy treatment

The main objective and goal of physiotherapy treatment is recovery with the least amount of stress on the body.

Let's take a look at popular physical treatments that can be used in the treatment of nail plate yellowing:

1. Laser therapy - it is prescribed for fungal diseases. In treatment, both medium laser power of 1-100 mW and pulsed power from 5 to 100 W are used. In addition to fungus, laser is prescribed for psoriasis, postoperative adhesions, erosions.
2. Cryotherapy is a treatment with low temperatures. The essence of the procedure is the body's response to hypothermia of the receptor layer of the skin.
3. Photodynamic therapy - this physical procedure is prescribed for the treatment of nail fungus. It is a local non-invasive procedure, which is based on the interaction of chemical elements and light. In the process of such interaction, free radicals are released, which destroy pathogenic microorganisms or target cells. The procedure is absolutely painless. Before it is performed, the nail plate is thinned and softened. Since the thinner it is, the better the photosensitizer penetrates into it and the higher the effectiveness of therapy.

All physiotherapy procedures have an analgesic effect, restore and stimulate immune processes in the body, improve blood supply.

Folk treatment

An alternative method of eliminating a cosmetic defect is alternative medicine. Folk treatment recipes are based on the use of various herbal ingredients.

Consider popular folk methods:

• Prepare a glass of warm water and 3 tsp. Of sea salt. Immerse your fingers in the solution for 10-15 minutes. Minerals contained in the salt will help strengthen and lighten the nail plate. Carry out the procedure 3 times a week.
• Combine vinegar and water in equal proportions, immerse feet/hands in the liquid for 15 minutes. After the procedure, wipe the skin thoroughly, but do not rinse with clean water. Such baths are done 2-3 times a day.
• Another method to improve the color of your marigolds is toothpaste applications. Take whitening toothpaste and treat the entire affected surface, but do not touch the cuticle. After 7-10 minutes, rinse off the product.
• Take 100 g of fresh strawberries and crush them to a mushy state. Apply the mush on your nails for 15-20 minutes and then wash it off with running water. Fruit acids that are contained in the berry have a favorable effect on the horny layer of the nail.

Folk treatment will be effective if the problem is not associated with internal diseases, but acts as a cosmetic defect.

Herbal treatment

If nail color changes are caused by nicotine addiction, abuse of coffee and tea, frequent coloring with low-quality cosmetics, then can be treated with herbs. Recipes of phytotherapy are aimed at eliminating yellowing and restoring the natural color of the nail plate.

• Apply celandine oil to the affected areas daily, preferably 2-3 times a day. After applying the remedy, it is recommended to wear socks and/or gloves to avoid staining your underwear. The procedures are carried out until the desired result is achieved.
• Take three tbsp. Of oak bark and dried lilac flowers, add to them 2 tbsp. Of calendula flowers and 1 tbsp. Of celandine. Mix all the ingredients and pour 250 ml of boiling water. Leave the remedy to infuse for 24 hours, strain. Soak a cotton pad in the ready infusion and wipe the problem nail together with the finger.
• Grate a couple of garlic cloves on a fine grater and add a teaspoon of melted butter to it. You should get a liquid mush. Apply the remedy on the horny plate and wrap it in a plastic wrap. Wash it off after 10-15 minutes.
• Mix equal amounts of olive oil and vinegar and add the egg. Mix everything thoroughly until a homogeneous consistency is obtained. Apply the ready mixture to the sore nail and wrap it with a bandage. It is recommended to apply the remedy overnight, as it will speed up the healing process.

Before using the above prescriptions, you should consult your doctor.

Homeopathy

An alternative way to treat yellowing nails caused by fungal infection is homeopathy. To cope with onychomycosis, such preparations can be used:

• Alumina - brittle, deformed nails, yellowing, plates with white flecks.
• Fluoricum acidum - predisposition to inflammation and suppuration of cuticle and plate, discoloration, appearance of furrows.
• Nitricum acidum - yellow color of nails, white streaks and spots, deformities, rotting processes, cracks on the skin of feet and hands.
• Sepia - brittle and delaminating nails, hangnails, white spots, hyperemic cuticle.
• Thuja - onychomycosis, delamination, brittle and brittle nails, swelling.

All remedies are selected by a homeopathic physician, taking into account the results of the tests performed and the patient's anamnesis.

Surgical treatment

Surgical intervention for nail plate discoloration is very rare. Surgical treatment is possible in onychomycosis, that is, fungal lesions. The essence of this technique is the mechanical removal of the nail plate under local anesthesia.

Today, to reduce the traumatic nature of the procedure, the plates are pre-treated with special chemicals that soften it. The main disadvantage of such therapy is a long and very painful rehabilitation. Also, the risk of complications should not be excluded:

• Infectious inflammation of the nail and nail shaft.
• Distal displacement of the regrowth plate.
• Compression and deformation of the nail bed.

At the same time, the effectiveness of surgical treatment alone is about 20%. Therefore, it is recommended to use this method in combination with other therapeutic techniques.

There is a more effective, efficient and less traumatic method. With its help, in 95% of cases it is possible to fully restore the health of the nails. We are talking about laser treatment. The main advantages of this technique include:

1. No surgical intervention and preservation of skin integrity. This minimizes the risk of infection and complications.
2. Minimal painful sensations. The procedure takes about 60 minutes. The patient does not feel any pain.
3. No adverse reactions as with drug therapy.

The procedure is performed using a laser. There are several types of laser, which differ in wavelength and have a different spectrum of effect on the fungus. The most popular is neodymium, its action is based on the photothermal effect. That is, the nail plate is heated to a certain temperature at which the infectious flora dies. The skin remains untouched, and the whole process does not cause discomfort. For full recovery, 5 to 10 procedures are carried out.

There is a diode laser, after the use of which there is a die-off of the nail plate and its recovery within 2-3 months. In especially neglected cases, erbium laser is used, which has a complex effect on the lesion.

Contraindications to laser treatment:

• Oncologic processes in the body.
• Hormonal changes.
• Exacerbation of chronic diseases.
• Thyroid disease.
• Sensitive skin.
• Type 2 diabetes.
• Epilepsy.
• Skin diseases.
• Decreased immunity.

Before surgical or laser treatment, the patient is examined by a dermatologist, passes the necessary tests and performs a certain preparation of the nails. After the procedure, the patient is given a number of recommendations, compliance with which will accelerate the recovery process. First of all, it is forbidden to visit swimming pools and saunas, you can not paint your nails for a week. If the treatment was carried out on the feet, it is necessary to wear loose shoes, and pedicure should be done only with sterile tools.

Prevention

Nails are a reflection of the health of the body, so it is very important to properly care for them, treat them. Prevention of yellowing is reduced to a fairly simple recommendation, let's consider them:

• High humidity promotes the spread of fungal infections, so keep your hands and feet dry.
• Moisturize your cuticles and nail plate daily with products that contain vitamin E (an antioxidant).
• When painting your nails, choose good quality nail polish. Do not use acetone-containing products or minimize their use.
• Treat any diseases of the body in a timely manner.
• Stick to a healthy, balanced diet (maximize fruits and vegetables, greens, support water balance).
• Do manicure and pedicure with professionals in proven salons, pay attention to compliance with sanitary norms.
• Don't self-medicate.

The above recommendations will keep your nails beautiful and healthy.

Forecast

There are many causes and factors that lead to the fact that yellowing of the nails on the hands and feet. The prognosis of this problem depends entirely on the causes and timely diagnosis. If it is determined that the changes are caused by problems with internal organs, then after undergoing treatment, the aesthetic appearance of the nails is restored. In case of fungal defeat, the patient is waiting for a course of complex antifungal therapy. And in especially severe cases, surgical, laser treatment is carried out.