Brown spots on the nails.

At an appointment with a dermatologist, therapist, other doctors, many patients complain that they have a brown spot on the nail. The spot can affect any nail: on the feet, on the hands. In most patients, the nail on the big toenail is the most damaged. The pinky toe is also often affected. The rest of the fingers are damaged less often, nevertheless, the probability of their damage is also high. In order to know how to defeat a brown spot on the nail, you need, first of all, to understand the causes of its development, know the mechanism of appearance and risk factors that contribute to its development. Let's understand this issue in more detail.

What do brown spots on the nails mean?

Brown spots on the nails usually mean either avitaminosis or bacterial or fungal invasion of the nail phalanx. Most often, brown spots on the nails occur in somatically weakened patients who have reduced immunity, disturbed hormonal background or biochemical cycle. In this case, often brown nails become in those patients who have a recent history of viral, fungal, less often - bacterial infection. This is explained by the fact that the body's defense mechanisms against the background of the transferred infection are sharply reduced, compensatory and adaptive mechanisms are violated, dysbacteriosis develops in the skin, mucous membranes, skin derivatives - nails, hair, eyelashes. It is worth noting that often dysbacteriosis is accompanied by a general metabolic disorder, the predominance of dissimilation over assimilation, resulting in the accumulation of waste metabolites, toxins in the blood. This disrupts trophics in the skin and its derivatives, becomes the cause of impaired blood circulation in the areas surrounding the nail shaft. Accordingly, there is a lack of nutrition, vitamins, autointoxication occurs, as a result of which the nail becomes brown.

To answer the question, what do brown spots on the nails mean, you can only know the complex history of the disease, and often the life of the patient. This is due to the fact that some pharmaceuticals, drugs, such as antibiotics, antimycotics, antitumor agents, antituberculosis drugs, can lead to changes in the color of hair, teeth, nails. Brown nails can become brown and under the influence of toxic substances, harmful factors of production, which can be easily calculated, knowing the patient's life history. Therefore, treating a patient who has brown spots on the nails, first of all, it is necessary to carefully approach the collection of anamnesis, analyze complaints. Then it is advisable to conduct an objective clinical examination. In this case it is necessary to pay attention to the subjective feelings of the patient.

If you do not know exactly what brown spots on the nail mean, you can take vitamins. Often brown spots appear with a deficiency of B vitamins. You can also take complex multivitamins, which include a whole complex of vitamins necessary to maintain normal physical condition and functioning of the body. Brown spots can arise due to improper nutrition, consumption of poor quality water. They can arise as a result of domestic or industrial trauma, become the cause of poisoning, a consequence of severe illness. It is possible to assume quite a few circumstances, but in order to advance in diagnosis and treatment, it is necessary, first of all, to know the cause of brown spots.

Causes of the brown spots on the nails

The causes of brown spots on the nails can be sought in the internal environment of the body, or in the external environment. Accordingly, there are endogenous (internal) causes, and exogenous (external) causes. So, to endogenous causes should be attributed to improper lifestyle, malnutrition, unbalanced diet, lack of vitamins. The cause may be the abuse of alcohol, some chemicals, drugs, bad habits, including smoking. Often the nails become brown with prolonged treatment with certain drugs, with prolonged use of antibiotics, antifungal agents, against the background of tuberculosis therapy. A similar picture is observed in patients who receive radiation therapy, or chemotherapy in connection with severe cancer. Spots appear with a decrease in immunity, nail lesions with fungal infection, with the development of dysbacteriosis, as well as against the background of acute or chronic intoxication of the body. Accumulation of free radicals, endotoxins, consumption of nitrate products, high titer of autoantibodies, can cause the development of changes in the skin and skin derivatives.

In some people, the cause of spots is age-related or degenerative changes in the nail, impaired blood circulation in the nail plate, disturbance of the nail structure. Disturbance of hormonal background, menopause in women, often becomes the cause of such spots. In many women, such a problem appears during pregnancy, or in the postpartum period. Nails can acquire a brown color in children with intensive growth, as well as signs of hypoxia (lack of oxygen), intoxication, hypercapnia (excess carbon dioxide). Sometimes brown nails are a sign of autoimmune diseases or anemia, or indicate the presence of severe genetic diseases. In some cases, stress, neuropsychiatric overstrain, physical fatigue, sleep deprivation become the cause of brown spots on the nails.

If we consider exogenous factors (external factors) of the development of brown spots on the nails, then first of all, it is worth emphasizing that brown spots on the nails are often an occupational disease in those people who are constantly in contact with poisonous and poisonous substances, nitrates, toxins, alkalis and acids, other potent substances, including paints, varnishes, acetone. Often stains appear when carrying out painting, repair, lacquer-painting works. It should also be taken into account that brown stains can appear when allergic to certain substances, including gels, shampoos, detergents and disinfectants. You need to take into account that a brown spot can be a consequence of an ordinary trauma, for example, a bruise of the nail plate. In this case, the stain is nothing more than caked blood directly under the nail plate (hematoma, bruise). Often brown spots appear in anaerobic conditions, when the nail lacks oxygen. For example, if the nail is covered with a persistent varnish on top, or during nail extensions, when the nail is completely deprived of access to oxygen. Sometimes brown spots become a consequence of improper manicure: when the precautions are not observed, when the lacquer, coating is applied incorrectly.

Risk factors

The risk group includes people who, either in everyday life or due to their professional duties, have to be in constant contact with harmful and toxic substances that get on the nails and skin of the hands. This includes painters, carpenters, welders, as well as those who are engaged in repair and construction work, painting. In the risk group are women who make artificial nail extensions, cover their nails with acrylic or persistent gel coating. Also at risk are people with a disturbed metabolism, reduced immunity, hormonal imbalance. Those who have recently suffered a severe infectious or fungal disease. As a risk factor considered a lack of vitamins, malnutrition, alcohol consumption, smoking. Also in the risk group are people who are treated with the same drug for a long period of time, who receive anti-tuberculosis, anti-tumor treatment, radiation, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy. People with a tendency to neurovegetative disorders, with psychogenic diseases, often fall into the risk group.

Pathogenesis

The pathogenesis of the development of brown spot on the nail is based on the violation of metabolic processes and neuroregulatory mechanisms, both at the systemic level and at the level of the skin and its derivatives. First of all, pathological changes affect the nail plate, nail shaft, skin around the nail plate. In the skin metabolic processes are disturbed, there is an accumulation of metabolites (processed substances, free radicals, products of incomplete decomposition of individual substances). If the cause becomes intoxication, there is an accumulation of toxic substances, poisons and products of their metabolism. Then there is a violation of trophics, that is, it is difficult to enter the nail plate, nail shaft nutrients, it is difficult to process them and extract useful nutrients. Local blood flow is disturbed (if the scale of damage is large, there is a violation of the systemic blood flow). Often sclerosis of microvessels develops, capillary channel is transformed, venous stasis and lymph stasis occurs. All this is manifested as a change in the color of the nail, and it acquires a brown shade.

Symptoms of the brown spots on the nails

The symptoms are quite simple and unremarkable - the nail simply changes its color. Often patients do not notice any changes until a rather large brown spot appears on the nail. Usually it increases in size rather quickly, taking up the entire nail. Sometimes it is transmitted to other nails as well. As a rule, patients do not present any other complaints. There is no pain, itching or burning. Quite often the nail becomes harder when felt, or is severely broken. Only one out of 20 patients has pathology accompanied by discomfort, painful sensations.

As a rule, there are no first signs that could be a precursor to the appearance of brown spots on the nails. Usually the spots appear abruptly and immediately become quite large, occupying at least a third or half of the nail plate. There is usually no pain, peeling, discomfort. In rare cases, the nail first acquires an unnatural, slightly yellowish shade, and only after that a small spot of light brown color appears. Over time, it increases in size and acquires darker shades.

Brown spot on the toenail

The main reason why a brown spot on the toenail begins to develop is mechanical damage to the tissue of the nail plate, the phalanx of the toe. In this case, the damaged area becomes inflamed, subjected to inflammatory and infectious process. The causes of damage can be many. For example, inflammation often develops with a cut, calluses, corns, corns, as well as against the background of other inflammatory, infectious and necrotic processes in the area of the feet, legs. Sometimes the spot is formed against the background of other inflammatory and infectious processes that affect the entire body as a whole, including against the background of angina, various forms of bronchitis, pneumonia, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, liver, because these diseases significantly reduces immunity, and the development of diseases of the skin, its derivatives, there is a dysbacteriosis, fungal infection. Often a brown spot on the toenail also occurs in general somatic disorders, against the background of reduced immunity, severe infectious, viral diseases, in the postoperative period, in certain conditions of the body (violation of the hormonal background, immunodeficiencies, restructuring of the body, adaptation, increased load, oncopathology).

It is often caused by exposure of the nail to harsh chemicals. For example, a stain may appear or increase in size when exposed to caustic chemicals, vapors. Often such damage occurs in chemical poisonings, fires, accidents, as a result of prolonged stay in the zone of chemical exposure.

It is worth noting that the stain can occur as a result of exposure to some medicinal components, both on the foot or nail, and on the whole body. In some patients, especially the elderly, and persons prone to cardiovascular disease, brown spots on the legs may appear after anesthesia, various forms of general and local anesthesia, after exposure of the body to radiationSometimes such a picture is a consequence of radiation therapy, which is used to treat cancer patients.

Brown spots on the legs can appear with fractures, dislocations, bruises, injuries to the soft tissues of the lower extremities. If the limb is in a cast for a long time, on traction, after implantation. This is primarily due to the presence of trauma, with damage to soft tissues, and often blood vessels, which inevitably occurs in such injuries.

Brown spots on thumb nails

If you have formed brown spots on the nails of the thumbs, you need to consult a doctor. It is better to start with a district therapist, who will advise the course of further action, if necessary, refer to the right specialist, prescribe additional studies. First of all, it is necessary to identify the cause. Based on the cause, you can select further treatment. There may be many reasons - from incorrect gait, posture, improperly selected shoes, and ending with an individual reaction of the body, intolerance to some drugs, or a consequence of a disease. Analyze the causes must be complex, because often the brown spot is simply one of the symptoms of any disease, often severe and difficult to treat. In addition, do not forget that under the nail plate can always get an infection, which will cause inflammation and infection, up to necrosis of soft tissues. Failure to comply with the rules of asepsis in injuries and surgical interventions, violation of basic sanitary and hygienic requirements, peculiarities of care for the legs, feet, nails, can lead to inflammation, infection, suppuration, up to necrosis, sepsis, amputation of the affected area. Therefore, the appearance of brown spots on the nails, on the thumbs, should be taken seriously and responsibly.

Treatment is selected exclusively by a doctor, and after it was possible to identify the cause of the appearance of the spot. This is due to the fact that treatment should be, first of all, etiological, that is, aimed at eliminating the cause of the pathology. Otherwise, it will be ineffective.

Yellow brown spot on the nail.

Often yellow-brown spots on the nails, yellowing of the skin, eyeballs - a sign of jaundice, or hepatitis - an infectious lesion of the liver, in which it does not cope with its functional duties. Therefore, first of all, when yellow-brown spots appear on the nail, it is necessary to exclude jaundice. If it is not jaundice, it is necessary to conduct further diagnostics aimed at finding and eliminating the causes of pathology.

When conducting diagnostics, it should be taken into account that the risk group includes people who have undergone various surgical, invasive procedures, manipulations, especially in the area of the lower extremities, feet. Also increases the risk of developing spots on the legs of those who have an inflammatory process, or a chronic focus of infection in the area of the feet, legs. Significantly increases the risk of developing a pathological process in those who have a tendency to develop fungal infections. Also, the risk increases if a person damaged the nail and nail shaft mechanically. If the foot, nail, were exposed to chemicals, caustic and poisonous components, the risk of developing brown spots increases sharply. It is also worth noting that people who have been exposed to increased levels of radiation, various types of radiation, received radiation therapy or chemotherapy, the risk of developing pathology is significantly higher than in persons who do not experience such a load on the body.

Risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing brown spots on the big toenail include wearing uncomfortable and hard shoes, pressure on the nail, calluses, corns. The risk of developing spots increases against the background of taking certain drugs, in particular, with a severe toxic effect on the body, or against the background of hormone therapy. Negative effects have isoniazid, which is used to treat tuberculosis, various forms of antitumor drugs, strong painkillers, anesthesia, anesthesia. Brown spots can develop in individuals who have undergone severe forms of antibiotic therapy, antifungal (antifungal) treatment.

Dark and light brown spots on the nails

The pathogenesis is based on the development of an inflammatory process in the area of damaged tissue, as well as metabolic disorders, trophic processes, intoxication with metabolic products, autointoxication, hypoxia, less often - autoimmune process in the area of the nail plate. Gradually, the inflammatory process involves pathogenic microflora, primarily fungal microflora, infection develops. It is the fungal microflora that often causes the development of dark and light brown spots on the nails, which may alternate.

Inflammation is accompanied by an active release of mediators that support the inflammatory process. This leads to the fact that the spots acquire a darker shade, spread to much wider areas, affecting new zones. There is also a gradual involvement of cellular structures, in particular, cells of the immune system (lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages). All this contributes to the fact that inflammation increases, up to the formation of pus under the nail plate. If pus appears, mandatory antibacterial treatment is necessary. Any damage to the nail plate, including changes in color, hardness, elasticity of the nail, requires immediate medical attention and treatment. It is better to first contact the district therapist, who will prescribe appropriate treatment, conduct the necessary diagnostics. The danger of dark and light brown spots on the nails, as well as any other spots, is that they can be a sign of a serious disease that requires treatment.

Brown spot under the toenail on the foot

First of all, it is necessary to make sure that the brown spot under the toenail on the foot is not the result of mechanical damage, trauma. If it is a trauma, then in most cases, the cause is a violation of blood circulation, or a hematoma under the nail. As a rule, this condition does not require special treatment, and the spot after some time (3-7 days), passes on its own. Sometimes it is necessary to use a cream, for example, anti-inflammatory cream, cream, cream for injuries of the musculoskeletal system, which will help relieve inflammation, accelerate recovery processes in the tissues.

If the cause of the development of brown spots under the nail is not mechanical damage, but some other factor, requires etiological diagnosis aimed at identifying the cause of pathology, and further treatment aimed at eliminating the identified cause and normalizing the resulting pathological processes.

The reasons for the development of a brown spot under the toenail can be quite a lot. So, according to statistics, in about 54.5% of cases, the appearance of brown spots on the nail occurs against the background of systemic damage to the body, and is accompanied by various diseases of the lower extremities, feet, skin. Also brown spots on the nails can appear as a result of fungal infection, violation of the integrity of the skin, feet (about 30% of pathology). In 12-15% of cases, the spot develops in response to surgical or invasive intervention, or even in response to mechanical damage, cosmetic procedures (hardware pedicure). In 63% of cases of development of brown spots under the toenail, there are such associated factors as hormonal disorders, immune imbalance, increased reactivity, sensitization of the body, allergic, autoimmune processes. In about 5-10% of cases, the cause is poisoning, general intoxication of the body. About 15-20% of cases by age-related changes, degenerative and tumor processes occurring in the body.

A fingernail on the hand with a brown spot

The reasons that the nail on the hand grows with a brown spot can be many. First of all, these are endogenous causes, which are due to the peculiarities of the internal environment of the body, those changes that occur in the body. Often brown spots develop with a violation of homeostasis, that is, the stability and constancy of the internal environment. Thus, changes in the hormonal background, immunity disorders, biochemical indicators, microflora, blood circulation, can lead to the development of such a side effect as the appearance of a nail on the hand with a brown spot. As a rule, the appearance of a brown shade is considered as one of the symptoms of a complex pathology of the body, and can be a sign of a serious disease. Therefore, ignore the spots, especially brown, in no case should not be. This should be a reason to contact a doctor and conduct a comprehensive diagnosis, in which the cause will be identified. After identifying the cause of the pathology, the appropriate treatment is prescribed, aimed at eliminating the identified cause.

Currently, there is more and more evidence that the nail on the hand with a brown spot can appear against the background of neuropsychiatric diseases, stress. Proven is the position according to which any mental state, projected in a certain way on the somatic state of the body. This is explained by the fact that any mental or emotional reaction entails certain changes and processes at the level of physiology, and then at the level of biochemistry. They manifest themselves in the form of appropriate structural, functional changes in the body, including various spots, pigmentation changes, rashes. Brown spots often appear in persons who experience anger, dissatisfaction, constant irritation, envy. Often a nail on the hand with a brown spot develops after severe stress, and acts as one of the signs of post-traumatic syndrome. It also draws attention to the fact that with prolonged stress, chronic fatigue syndrome or emotional burnout syndrome, the nails on the hands often acquire a brown color, covered with spots.

Blue-brown spots on my nails.

Often blue is a sign of cyanosis, hypoxia, lack of oxygen. Brown color is a sign of a chronic protracted process. For example, a person may experience hypoxia for a long time, or systematically lack of oxygen in the blood. This is often observed with anemia, frequent bleeding. Blue-brown spots on the nails may indicate the development of a person's hidden internal bleeding, or the development of blood diseases, impaired hematopoiesis. Such conditions are often observed in congenital and acquired immunodeficiencies, with impaired function of the red bone marrow. Many people after organ transplantation, bone marrow transplantation, after puncture, blood transfusion, and even with large blood loss, the development of blue-brown spots on the nails is observed.

Blue-brown spots develop in people who remain immobile for long periods of time, including seriously ill, bedridden patients. AIDS, other severe infectious diseases and intoxication syndromes are often accompanied by the development of blue-brown spots on the nails. Such spots can be in patients with diabetes mellitus, obesity, or vice versa, anorexia, dystrophy. They can be associated with a violation of metabolic processes. Often occur in people with diabetes mellitus.

Red spots on the nails of the hands

Red spots on the nails of the hands, arms and body can appear for various reasons. Most often it is due to an allergic reaction, or irritation to the action of a substance, which is due to individual intolerance of the body, increased sensitization. As a rule, red spots on the nails of the hands appear in an allergic reaction of the delayed type, because in allergies of the immediate type develops an immediate reaction such as anaphylactic shock or Quincke's edema, which develops rapidly, and often ends in death. Red spots on the nails of the hands can appear after contact with household chemicals, alkaline components, after prolonged exposure to cold water. At the same time, they can also be a sign of a severe infectious disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus.

Brown spots on hand nails in pregnancy

In pregnancy, brown spots can develop on the nails of the hands. This is often associated with a change in the hormonal background: the level of estrogens decreases sharply, progesterone (pregnancy hormone) appears, which is produced by the placenta. In addition, the woman's body undergoes numerous biochemical changes, changes in immune status, changes in metabolism. The body adapts, under the influence of hormones and physiological changes occurring in the body, the internal environment, metabolism changes dramatically. This requires adaptation. If adaptation is disturbed, brown spots may appear. In addition, brown spots on the nails of the hands in pregnancy, may indicate a lack of vitamins, a violation of vitamin-mineral metabolism, a decrease in the level of proteins in the body, a lack, or conversely, an excess of carbohydrates. Often brown spots indicate a violation of the liver, kidneys, because they should not be ignored. The appearance of even the slightest spot should be a reason to consult a doctor. At the doctor's office, which leads the pregnancy, it is necessary to be sure to clarify how long ago the spots appeared, remember whether there are circumstances in which they increase or decrease. It is necessary to describe as clearly as possible the sensations arising in connection with the appearance of spots. This can be important diagnostic information for the doctor. It is imperative to report this to the doctor, even if it seems unrelated to pregnancy. For example, spotting can be the first sign of a pregnancy abnormality, or a sign of a genetic disease developing in the fetus, a sign of a bleeding disorder. Timely information can prevent unfavorable consequences.

Brown spots on the nails of the hands in pregnancy are not always treated. Often they spontaneously pass after the cause of their appearance is eliminated. So, if the cause of the appearance of spots was a lack of vitamins, minerals, or individual elements, it is enough to include them in the treatment regimen. Sometimes a special massage, swimming pool, water procedures are required. If the cause was any pathology, disease, it is necessary to treat it. Then the spots will disappear on their own, as a consequence of the underlying disease.

A brown spot on a baby's toenail

Brown spot on the nail in a child can be found quite often. Spots can be caused by various reasons: from the immaturity of the body to the violation of elementary sanitary and hygienic norms. Children often do not comply with sanitary norms, spend a lot of time in contact with earth, sand, water, animals. This leads to various injuries, infections, which can manifest itself in various ways, including a brown spot on the nail. In a child, brown spots can also appear after treatment with antibiotics, after contact with household chemicals, cosmetics, in contact with certain types of plants, herbs. They can also be a sign of metabolic disorders, decreased immunity, the development of fungal infection, a sign of hormonal changes. Many brown spots indicate a change in skin pigmentation, which is especially often observed in transitional periods, such as "crisis of three years", "crisis of 7 years", adolescence. This period is accompanied by intense hormonal changes, restructuring of the body, adaptation of the nervous and immune systems. It is necessary to take into account the fact that the brown spot can be a sign of damage, trauma.

It is also worth noting that some brown spots on the child's nail are a sign of infectious diseases, or other serious violations of the structural and functional state of the body. For example, such spots can indicate kidney disease, liver disease, can be a symptom of decreased immunity. Therefore, you can not ignore such conditions. It is necessary to contact a doctor (district pediatrician). He will prescribe treatment, conduct diagnostics.

Complications and consequences

Even such an inconspicuous, at first glance, phenomenon as a brown spot on the nail, if ignored, can have extremely unfavorable consequences, and even complications. Particular danger arises if the spot is one of the symptoms of a dangerous disease: infectious, inflammatory, and even cancer. By ignoring this symptom, you can miss a more serious disease to which it indicates.

The second dangerous consequence is the development and progression of an inflammatory or infectious process in the area of the spot. Sometimes an abscess or a purulent cavity filled with purulent exudate (fistula) develops in the place of a brown spot, which is accompanied by an infectious and inflammatory process. If you do not take timely action, do not treat, fistula, and the accompanying inflammatory and infectious process, it can progress. Spots, and purulent cavities, can spread, gradually covering other areas. Therefore, if the first signs of pathology appear, it is necessary to consult a doctor as soon as possible, in order to take the necessary measures in time and prevent complications.

Diagnostics of the brown spots on the nails

If a brown spot appears on the nail, it is necessary to go to a doctor as soon as possible, who will make a diagnosis, diagnose, determine the cause of the appearance of spots, prescribe the necessary treatment. As a rule, the diagnosis is based on the usual physical examination of the patient, collection of anamnesis, inspection. Often the spot is examined under a magnifying glass, under a microscope. This can provide important diagnostic information. If necessary, prescribe clinical and biochemical analysis of blood, urine, feces. This is a significant addition to the examination data, and allows you to draw a conclusion about the state of the body, the current physiological and biochemical processes occurring in it.

Often in the conditions of a special laboratory, a nail microdissection, scraping is performed. If infection is suspected, washes are taken from the nail roll, from the surface of the hands and conducted a bacteriological study, which determines the presence or absence of a pathogen of infectious genesis. If necessary, other laboratory and instrumental methods of investigation may be used.

Differential diagnosis

The basis of differential diagnosis is the need to differentiate the etiological factor that determines the cause of the development of brown spots on the nail. This is due to the fact that the effectiveness and accuracy of further treatment depends on how accurately the cause of the pathology will be determined. So, if the cause of the development of brown spots on the nail is a bacterial or fungal infection, bacteriological seeding is carried out, which allows you to differentiate the pathogen, up to the determination of its species and genus. It is also possible to determine the quantitative indicators of pathogenic microflora. This largely determines the choice of one or another treatment tactic.

Differential diagnosis helps to differentiate the signs of a particular disease, a symptom of which can be spots. And most importantly - it allows you to identify the exact cause of the development of spots, on the basis of which further treatment is selected. In order to make a differentiated diagnosis, a number of diagnostic methods and diagnostic tools are used. These may include clinical tests, allergy tests, functional tests, and even a comprehensive examination with the use of highly specific equipment.

Treatment of the brown spots on the nails

Each of us, at least in general terms, should know what to do if a brown spot appears on the nail. So, the first thing to do is to consult a doctor. If you do not know what doctor to turn to - it is worth starting with the district therapist, who, in turn, will appoint a set of necessary examinations, and if necessary, will refer to the appropriate specialist. In the diagnostic process, the most important thing is to establish the cause of the development of brown spots on the nails. After that, the doctor prescribes treatment aimed at eliminating the cause of the spots and normalizing the condition. It should be borne in mind that in the course of treatment, the main responsibility of the patient is to strictly follow all the prescriptions and recommendations of the doctor, to comply with the prescribed treatment scheme, regimen, dosages of drugs. This will allow not only a quick cure, but also prevent adverse effects and complications.

Prevention

The basis of prevention of brown spots on the nails, is a nutritious diet, avoidance of bad habits, a healthy lifestyle, eating enough vitamins and minerals. With prolonged treatment with certain drugs, it is necessary to take breaks, or drink means that reduce the toxic effects of metabolites. It is necessary to increase immunity, regularly engage in physical exercise. It is important to timely consult a doctor at the appearance of any signs of infectious and other diseases. It is necessary to timely stop inflammatory processes and treat chronic diseases. It is important to timely and fully treat fungal and bacterial diseases.

It is also important to properly care for your nails: do not cover them with varnishes that do not allow air to pass through. When using acrylics, use special protective products. When using artificial nail extensions, it is necessary to provide the nails with access to oxygen. And also after removing the nails, it is necessary to provide the nail full care and vitamin and mineral nutrition.

Forecast

If you timely and correctly identify the cause of the development of spots on the nails, the pathology can be eliminated. The sooner and more accurately the treatment is prescribed, the more effective it will be. Treatment should be aimed primarily at eliminating the cause of the pathology (etiologic treatment). And only then is applied pathogenetic treatment, aimed at normalizing the identified disorders, restoring normal physiological processes in the nail. In some cases, a brown spot on the nail is a sign of severe pathology, for example, an infectious disease, malignant neoplasm. In this case, it is necessary to treat the underlying disease, and the spots pass as a consequence. In general, if all the doctor's recommendations are followed, the prognosis is favorable.