Symptoms before menopause

Symptoms before menopause appear very often in advance, even before the violation of the menstrual function itself. This period is called "premenopause." The very process of developing menopause has several successive stages:

1. premenopause - the period from 45 years to the onset of menopause;
2. Menopause is the period of the last menstruation, the average age is about fifty years;
3. Postmenopause - the period from the last menstruation to the end of a woman's life.

All these periods have their own specific characteristics, but the appearance of the first symptoms occurs precisely in premenopause. Often the symptoms of menopause are expressed significantly and strongly affect the daily activity of a woman. To correct the condition and maintain the normal functioning of the body, it is necessary to know the characteristics of changes in the female body during this period.

Symptoms before menopause are often nonspecific, and can manifest themselves in vegetative and emotional changes. This is due to a disruption in the regulation of nerve impulse transmission processes due to a gradual decrease in the level of estrogens. After all, throughout life, a woman has a specific hormonal background, which is due to the concentration of the main female sex hormones - estrogens and gestagens (progesterone). These hormones do not strictly affect the female genital organs, they also affect the mental state, regulating the processes of inhibition and excitation in the central nervous system. Therefore, when they are deficient, mood changes are often observed, which often change - in the form of irritation or lability of the psyche, depressive thoughts, restlessness, stress. There is also increased fatigue, sleep disorders such as insomnia or drowsiness, impaired performance and daily activity. There may also be vegetative symptoms when irritating the parasympathetic nervous system in the form of nausea, vomiting, headache.

The decrease in the level of estrogen compensates for the synthesis of catecholamines, which stimulate the central nervous system and peripheral. Due to this process there is an increase in the conductivity of the nerve impulse along nerve fibers and there is a nervous excitement with "tides". This concept is quite broad and includes a feeling of heat, sweating, palpitations or heartbeats. Thus, symptoms before menopause usually begin with emotional-vegetative manifestations, but in addition there may be other symptoms from other organs and systems. This is a more serious condition, since the appearance of such symptoms at once does not provide an opportunity to appoint a timely replacement therapy with correction of this period.

Due to the increased levels of adrenaline and norepinephrine, the cardiovascular system suffers, which can also cause the appearance of specific symptoms before menopause. At the same time, the regulation of vascular tone is disturbed, which contributes to periods of spasm of peripheral vessels, increased peripheral resistance and increased blood pressure. Lability of arterial pressure is supported additionally by disturbances in the conductivity of the nerve impulse and regulation of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system, which does not control vascular tone.

Another factor that contributes to the development of hypertension is the activation of extrarital sources of the synthesis of estrogens - this is fatty tissue, as well as the adrenal cortex, which causes an increased synthesis of androgens, leptin, mineralocorticoids. At the same time, their other undesirable effects appear in the form of the development of obesity and water and sodium retention, which affects the development of hypertension. Thus, the symptom before climax can be hypertension, which first arose or as a strong complication of pre-existing hypertensive disease in the form of an essential hypertension.

From the side of the cardiovascular system, there can also be changes in the form of irregularities in the work of the heart, paroxysmal tachycardia, the appearance of arrhythmias.

Symptoms before menopause may appear in the form of damage to other organs - bone tissue, vessels, but these clinical manifestations occur already in a later period, when the hormonal deficiency is observed for a long time. At the same time, pain in leg muscles, pain in the heart of a stenocardic nature, dry skin and wrinkles can be disturbed.

It must be said that the main disorders can be observed from the ovario-menstrual cycle. Menstruation becomes irregular: usually one month is normal, and two or three months are absent. These are typical signs of the onset of menopause. But there may be other options: profuse menstruation once, then there are no six months or scant excretions every month with a gradual decrease in their number. These symptoms before the menopause indicate the need for a doctor's consultation and the appointment of hormone replacement therapy.

Symptoms before menopause begin gradually, often can have a nonspecific character and are expressed in every woman individually. In any case, it is necessary to remember the age-related changes in the reproductive system and to timely diagnose the initial manifestations of the symptomatology. This condition can be corrected by the drug intake of hormonal drugs, as correction of the level of estrogen can reduce the severity of clinical manifestations.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]