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Symptoms of catarrhal-respiratory syndrome
Last reviewed: 06.07.2025

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Clinical forms of catarrhal-respiratory syndrome.
- Acute rhinitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity. Characteristic symptoms: sneezing, discharge of mucus from the nose, impaired nasal breathing. The outflow of mucus along the back wall of the pharynx causes coughing.
- Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx. It is characterized by sudden sensations of irritation and dryness in the throat, as well as pain when swallowing.
- Tonsillitis is a local change in the palatine tonsils of bacterial (usually streptococcal) and viral etiology. Characterized by intoxication, hyperemia and swelling of the tonsils, palatine arches, uvula, back wall of the pharynx, loose deposits in the lacunae.
- Laryngitis is an inflammation of the larynx involving the vocal cords and subglottic space. The first symptoms are a dry barking cough and hoarseness.
- Epiglottitis is an inflammation of the epiglottis with characteristic severe respiratory distress.
- Tracheitis is an inflammatory process of the mucous membrane of the trachea. Symptoms: soreness behind the breastbone, dry cough.
- Bronchitis is a lesion of the bronchi of any caliber. The main symptom is a cough (dry at the beginning of the disease, wet after a few days with an increasing amount of sputum). Sputum is often mucous in nature, but in the 2nd week it can acquire a greenish tint due to the admixture of fibrin. The cough persists for 2 weeks or longer (up to 1 month in diseases of adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, mycoplasma and chlamydial nature).
The main bacterial pathogens of acute respiratory infections are pneumotropic opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms.
Clinical syndromes in respiratory tract lesions of viral etiology
Pathogens |
Main syndromes of respiratory tract damage |
Influenza viruses |
Tracheitis, nasopharyngitis, bronchitis, croup with fever in children |
Parainfluenza viruses |
Laryngitis, nasopharyngitis, false croup |
Bronchitis, bronchiolitis |
|
Adenoviruses |
Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, rhinitis |
Rhinoviruses |
Rhinitis, nasopharyngitis |
ECHO viruses |
Rhinopharyngitis |
Coxsackie A virus |
Pharyngitis, herpangina |
Coxsackie B virus |
Pharyngitis |
Human coronaviruses |
Rhinopharyngitis, bronchitis |
SARS coronavirus |
Bronchitis, bronchiolitis, respiratory distress syndrome |
HSV |
Pharyngitis |
Clinical syndromes in respiratory tract lesions of bacterial etiology
Exciter |
Main syndromes of respiratory tract damage |
Streptococcus pneumoniae |
Otitis, rhinitis, sinusitis, pneumonia |
Staphylococcus haemolyticus |
Tonsillitis |
Haemophilus influenzae (encapsulated form) |
Epiglottitis, rhinitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, bronchitis |
Haemophilus influenzae (non-capsular form) |
Sinusitis, otitis |
Moraxella catarrhalis |
Otitis, sinusitis (mainly in patients who have previously taken antibiotics). bronchitis |
Staphylococcus aureus |
Otitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia |
Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
Rhinopharyngitis, bronchitis |
Chlamydia trachomatis |
Bronchitis, pneumonia |
Chlamydia pneumoniae |
Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis |
Chlamydia psittaci |
Pneumonia, bronchitis |
Legionella pneumophila |
Bronchitis, bronchiolitis. pneumonia |
Neisseria meningitidis |
Nasopharyngitis |
ARI can be caused by gram-negative bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Catarrhal-respiratory syndrome is detected in coxiellosis and other rickettsiosis, typhoid fever.
Pneumocystis carinii causes bronchitis and pneumonia. Fungal infection of the respiratory tract is rare and is observed in patients with cellular immunodeficiency (both primary and drug-induced immunosuppression).