Symptoms of catarrhal-respiratory syndrome

Clinical forms of catarrhal-respiratory syndrome.

• Acute rhinitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity. Characteristic symptoms: sneezing, discharge of mucus from the nose, impaired nasal breathing. The outflow of mucus along the back wall of the pharynx causes coughing.
• Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx. It is characterized by sudden sensations of irritation and dryness in the throat, as well as pain when swallowing.
• Tonsillitis is a local change in the palatine tonsils of bacterial (usually streptococcal) and viral etiology. Characterized by intoxication, hyperemia and swelling of the tonsils, palatine arches, uvula, back wall of the pharynx, loose deposits in the lacunae.
• Laryngitis is an inflammation of the larynx involving the vocal cords and subglottic space. The first symptoms are a dry barking cough and hoarseness.
• Epiglottitis is an inflammation of the epiglottis with characteristic severe respiratory distress.
• Tracheitis is an inflammatory process of the mucous membrane of the trachea. Symptoms: soreness behind the breastbone, dry cough.
• Bronchitis is a lesion of the bronchi of any caliber. The main symptom is a cough (dry at the beginning of the disease, wet after a few days with an increasing amount of sputum). Sputum is often mucous in nature, but in the 2nd week it can acquire a greenish tint due to the admixture of fibrin. The cough persists for 2 weeks or longer (up to 1 month in diseases of adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, mycoplasma and chlamydial nature).

The main bacterial pathogens of acute respiratory infections are pneumotropic opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms.

Clinical syndromes in respiratory tract lesions of viral etiology

Pathogens	Main syndromes of respiratory tract damage
Influenza viruses	Tracheitis, nasopharyngitis, bronchitis, croup with fever in children
Parainfluenza viruses	Laryngitis, nasopharyngitis, false croup
Respiratory syncytial virus	Bronchitis, bronchiolitis
Adenoviruses	Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, rhinitis
Rhinoviruses	Rhinitis, nasopharyngitis
ECHO viruses	Rhinopharyngitis
Coxsackie A virus	Pharyngitis, herpangina
Coxsackie B virus	Pharyngitis
Human coronaviruses	Rhinopharyngitis, bronchitis
SARS coronavirus	Bronchitis, bronchiolitis, respiratory distress syndrome
HSV	Pharyngitis

Clinical syndromes in respiratory tract lesions of bacterial etiology

Exciter	Main syndromes of respiratory tract damage
Streptococcus pneumoniae	Otitis, rhinitis, sinusitis, pneumonia
Staphylococcus haemolyticus	Tonsillitis
Haemophilus influenzae (encapsulated form)	Epiglottitis, rhinitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, bronchitis
Haemophilus influenzae (non-capsular form)	Sinusitis, otitis
Moraxella catarrhalis	Otitis, sinusitis (mainly in patients who have previously taken antibiotics). bronchitis
Staphylococcus aureus	Otitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumoniae	Rhinopharyngitis, bronchitis
Chlamydia trachomatis	Bronchitis, pneumonia
Chlamydia pneumoniae	Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis
Chlamydia psittaci	Pneumonia, bronchitis
Legionella pneumophila	Bronchitis, bronchiolitis. pneumonia
Neisseria meningitidis	Nasopharyngitis

ARI can be caused by gram-negative bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Catarrhal-respiratory syndrome is detected in coxiellosis and other rickettsiosis, typhoid fever.

Pneumocystis carinii causes bronchitis and pneumonia. Fungal infection of the respiratory tract is rare and is observed in patients with cellular immunodeficiency (both primary and drug-induced immunosuppression).

[ 1 ], [ 2 ], [ 3 ], [ 4 ], [ 5 ], [ 6 ]