Stevens-Johnson disease and eye damage: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Acute conjunctival-mucocutaneous skin syndrome (Stevens-Johnson's disease) - multiforme exudative erythema, manifested in the appearance of bullous rash on the skin and mucous membranes, has a different course. In mild cases, lesions are insignificant and only cover the skin, in severe cases, the mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva, are affected.
Of the drugs, sulfonamides, as well as rheopyrine, aspirin, tetracycline, penicillin, bromine preparations, salicylates, barbiturates, phenylbutazole, corticosteroids, polio vaccine, smallpox, flu, tetanus are called as the cause of the disease. In clinical kargi - do not combine acute multiforme exudative erythema, damage to the oral cavity, nasopharynx, genitalia and eyes. The faces of a young age are often sick. The disease begins suddenly with a high fever, chills and a headache. On the skin of the face, hands and feet, on the back of the hands and feet appears a characteristic rash in the form of spots, papules, blisters. Exudative elements on the mucosa of the oral cavity, nose, and genitals are prone to ulceration. In contrast to the Lyell syndrome, mortality is much lower - about 10%.
[Eye disease
When a severe form of the disease is involved in the process of the mucous membranes, eye damage is often found - from 50%. Rashes on the skin of the eyelids can occur simultaneously with a common cutaneous polymorphous rash, and at the edges of the eyelids are accompanied by hemorrhages. Conjunctivitis can be mild, catarrhal and disappear without consequences, but more often severe conjunctivitis purulent, membranous, with ulceration. Secondary bacterial conjunctival and keratitis are common. Cicatricial changes can lead to deformation of the eyelids and trichiasis. Severe ulcerous processes in the conjunctiva and the cornea lead to further expressed scarring, the formation of belly and persistent loss of vision.
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Treatment of eye damage in Stevens-Johnson disease
In the acute period of the disease prescribe desensitizing therapy, corticosteroid and symptomatic treatment. When the eyes are affected, corticosteroids are used (dexamethasone in the form of drops and ointments), antibacterial agents give prevention and treatment of secondary bacterial infection (sulfapyridazine in the form of drops).