Vomiting with diarrhea in a child without fever

Vomiting with diarrhea in a child without fever is a fairly common symptom. Let's consider the possible causes of this unpleasant condition, treatment methods and prevention.

This disorder occurs in both infants and older children. It has many causes. Discomfort can be associated with poisoning, gastrointestinal diseases, inflammatory lesions of the digestive organs, neurological abnormalities, pathologies of the endocrine system or various injuries.

Regardless of the cause of the painful condition, parents should respond to the baby's condition as quickly as possible and seek medical help. The doctor will determine the factors that provoked the disorder and prescribe the appropriate treatment. Without proper therapy, painful symptoms can lead to negative consequences and serious complications.

Epidemiology

At first glance, causeless vomiting and diarrhea without hyperthermia in children can signal serious problems in the body. Epidemiology in most cases is associated with age, decreased immunity, problems with the digestive system, intestinal infections.

A special group is made up of infants, i.e. under one year old. Painful symptoms develop very quickly. Discomfort may be a response to stress or nervous experiences, or may arise due to the introduction of new complementary foods or drug intolerance. The task of parents is to promptly respond to such symptoms and seek medical help.

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Causes vomiting with diarrhea in a child without fever

Symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea are never an independent disease. As a rule, they indicate an intestinal infection, intoxication or viral diseases. Unpleasant symptoms are most often accompanied by painful sensations in the abdomen and increased flatulence. The following serious causes of vomiting with diarrhea in a child without fever are distinguished:

1. Gastroesophageal reflux – regurgitation is not abundant, occurs after eating, and has a sour smell.
2. Pyloric stenosis is a developmental defect of the muscular layer of the stomach, causing profuse projectile vomiting that occurs immediately after feeding. Vomit is undigested food. Most often, infant girls suffer from this pathology.
3. Pylorospasm - spasms of the pylorus provoke scanty regurgitation from the first days of the baby's life. The stool is liquid and irregular.
4. Congenital diverticulum of the esophagus - minor vomiting of undigested food, diarrhea and deterioration of general well-being.
5. Intussusception - occurs in babies under one year of age due to improper introduction of complementary foods or in older children due to tumor lesions of the intestine, worms or polyps. Regurgitation with bile, abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, pale skin.
6. Diseases of the pancreas, gall bladder, liver - repeated regurgitation of undigested food with an admixture of bile and an unpleasant odor. Discomfort is accompanied by pain in the epigastrium, belching, flatulence.
7. Central nervous system lesions – in newborns occur due to ischemic brain damage, tumors, increased intracranial pressure. Severe vomiting that is not associated with food intake, diarrhea, anxiety, increased sleepiness.
8. Foreign body in the gastrointestinal tract - symptoms appear immediately after swallowing a foreign body. Regurgitation of undigested food with mucus and blood. Loose stools occur a couple of hours after nausea, accompanied by profuse salivation and difficulty breathing.

The following causes of the disorder are distinguished depending on age:

1. Babies
   • Overeating due to frequent breastfeeding - food does not have time to digest in the intestines, so regurgitation and loose stools appear. After vomiting and bowel movement, the baby's condition normalizes.
   • Change in diet or improper nutrition - this is observed in children from 6 months, when prohibited products can be introduced into the diet. Due to the deficiency of gastric juice and digestive enzymes, pathological symptoms and abdominal pain appear.
2. Preschool children
   • Food toxicoinfection – during growing up, the child actively explores the world around him, tasting everything. Because of this, pathogenic microflora gets inside, causing inflammatory reactions. This leads to pathological attacks.
   • Allergic reactions – occur due to food, medications, contact with allergens and other irritants. They manifest as nausea, vomiting, bowel disorders and digestive disorders.
3. Children of primary school age and teenagers
   • Stress and neuroses provoke disorders in many organs and systems. The gastrointestinal tract and digestive system suffer first and foremost.
   • Gastrointestinal diseases – occur due to improper and irregular nutrition. Painful symptoms may be associated with gastritis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis and other disorders.
   • Poisoning - pathological symptoms increase gradually. Discomfort is accompanied by pale skin, chills and general deterioration of health. Swelling of the mucous membranes of the oropharynx and nose is also possible.
   • Medicines - incorrect or prolonged use of antibiotics and other drugs manifests itself in loose stools, regurgitation and skin allergic reactions.
   • Intestinal infection - with bacterial and viral infections (escherichiosis, dysentery, salmonellosis, rotavirus infection) diarrhea of a greenish color appears, possibly with blood inclusions. The pathological condition is accompanied by bouts of vomiting and deterioration of general health.

To determine the cause of the pain, it is necessary to conduct a series of diagnostic examinations.

Risk factors

Such a symptom complex as vomiting with diarrhea without fever in children has certain risk factors. Let's consider them:

• Food poisoning – minor intoxication provokes regurgitation. This is observed with indigestion, overeating or after taking medications.
• Metabolic disorder – as a rule, this factor is hereditary. Painful symptoms occur with diabetes, lactose intolerance in children, hypersensitivity to glucose, cereals and other products.
• Congenital pathologies and deviations from the central nervous system – cerebral vomiting occurs with neurological disorders. Its occurrence is most often associated with asphyxia and birth injuries. Symptoms may indicate brain tumors, craniocerebral injuries or concussions. Discomfort is observed with epilepsy, meningitis, encephalitis.
• Psychogenic factors – functional or neurotic vomiting and diarrhea are associated with severe anxiety, overexcitement, fear. These symptoms are a sign of rejection and denial of something.

When identifying the causes of the disorder, risk factors are also taken into account. A comprehensive diagnostic approach and anamnesis collection make it possible to prescribe the correct treatment.

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Pathogenesis

Vomiting and diarrhea in children without fever are most often associated with two factors: microbial and toxic. Let's consider in more detail the general pathogenesis of the pathological condition.

• Microbial – indicates poisoning by waste products of harmful microorganisms. Excess of harmful substances causes disturbances in the functioning of the entire body, especially the gastrointestinal tract and liver. Various disorders and allergic reactions on the skin appear.
• Toxic – this factor is more dangerous than microbial. This is due to the fact that chemical compounds entering the child's body are much more concentrated than bacteria and microbes. Pathogenesis can be associated with poor-quality food products or ingestion of harmful substances.

The mechanism of development of pathological symptoms in infants is associated with inadequate bowel function. That is, this is a normal phenomenon, as the child's body gradually adapts to the outside world. If regurgitation is accompanied by watery diarrhea, this indicates an excess of fluid in the diet or intestinal absorption disorders. Vomiting foam with acute diarrhea requires emergency medical care, as it may be associated with bacterial lesions or disorders in the digestive organs.

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Symptoms vomiting with diarrhea in a child without fever

Symptoms such as vomiting with diarrhea in a child without fever may be the first signs of both serious complications and mild or age-related disorders. In any case, the disorders should not be ignored. Let's consider the nature of vomiting and diarrhea, indicating various pathologies:

Stool consistency and impurities:

• Watery - viral infection.
• Foamy - dysbacteriosis or bacterial infection.
• With blood inclusions - food poisoning.
• Undigested food causes allergic reactions and poor nutrition.

Vomit:

• Not related to feeding - pathologies of the central nervous system.
• Immediately after eating - food allergy.
• Abundant, fountain-like discharge – pyloric stenosis.
• With blood inclusions - poisoning, esophageal lesions.
• Mild - teething in babies.
• Light discharge after meals – gastroesophageal reflux.

If the above symptoms are accompanied by abdominal pain, it is necessary to pay attention to the nature of the painful sensations. Colic indicates an intestinal infection, spasms indicate food poisoning, rumbling and colic after eating - dysbacteriosis. Vomiting with a sour smell and contents is a sign of gastroesophageal reflux. A sharp smell of regurgitation indicates food poisoning or an intestinal infection.

Complications and consequences

Vomiting with diarrhea in a child without fever occurs for various reasons. If these symptoms are left unattended, they can cause serious consequences and complications. Let's consider the main dangers of the disorder:

• Dehydration – loss of fluid due to diarrhea and regurgitation leads to a disruption of the water-salt balance. This provokes failures in the work of all systems and organs. In especially severe cases, loss of consciousness and convulsions are possible. This condition is very dangerous for children, especially infants.
• Bleeding – severe vomiting injures the mucous membrane of the esophagus and stomach. Blood vessels burst, causing blood to appear in the vomit.
• Aspiration pneumonia – occurs when vomit enters the lungs. Gastric juice has a destructive effect on lung tissue.
• Weight loss – Long-term disorder can lead to critical weight loss in infants, which can be life-threatening.
• Choking - vomit that gets into the respiratory tract causes breathing problems and without timely assistance can lead to death. This complication is most dangerous for infants and unconscious children.

Without timely medical care, stool disorders and vomiting are life-threatening for the child. If they are caused by any disease, then the lack of treatment can lead to limited activity of the baby and even disability.

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Diagnostics vomiting with diarrhea in a child without fever

Vomiting with diarrhea in a child without fever occurs for many reasons. Diagnostics is necessary to determine the factors that provoked pathological symptoms. The initial diagnostics is carried out by a pediatrician. If there are signs of a serious infection or parasites, then the examination is carried out by an infectious disease specialist.

Main examination methods:

• Collection of anamnesis. It is necessary to establish the duration of the disorder and identify accompanying symptoms. The doctor collects information about existing diseases, the general condition of the body and the immune system.
• Visual examination – further examination depends on the nature of the vomit and stool. Regurgitation may contain bile, pus, mucus or blood. The smell of the discharge is important.
• Laboratory and instrumental studies – ultrasound, stool, vomit, urine and blood tests, gastroscopy and others.

If the diagnosis is established, then treatment is prescribed. The treatment plan is made by specialists:

• Pediatrician – conducts an initial examination of the child and provides referrals to other doctors.
• Gastroenterologist – diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and digestive system. Treatment can be outpatient or inpatient.
• Surgeon - intestinal obstruction, foreign body in the esophagus, appendicitis, cardiospasm. If necessary, surgery may be prescribed.

Not only further treatment, but also the prognosis depends on the diagnostic results. The sooner the cause of the disorder is determined, the higher the chances of a speedy recovery.

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Tests

Diarrhea and vomiting in a child may be a sign of inflammatory, infectious or functional disorders in the body and in the gastrointestinal tract. Tests are part of a complex of laboratory diagnostics. They are necessary to determine the cause of the painful condition.

The main tests that a child needs to undergo are:

• General and biochemical blood tests (pancreatic and liver enzymes, hepatitis).
• Stool analysis for dysbacteriosis, intestinal infections, helminth eggs, hepatitis B, C.
• Bacterial culture of feces and vomit.
• Coprology – performed if pancreatitis is suspected. Reveals undigested muscle fibers.

The appointment of tests depends on the anamnesis and clinical manifestations of painful symptoms.

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Instrumental diagnostics

Since diarrhea and vomiting can be a sign of serious diseases, it is necessary to conduct a full examination of the child's body. Instrumental diagnostics are used to study the condition of the digestive organs. As a rule, the following methods are used for this:

• Ultrasound examination.
• Gastrofibroscopy (probing).
• X-ray.

The results of instrumental diagnostics are taken into account when making a final diagnosis and prescribing treatment.

Differential diagnosis

Vomiting and diarrhea are symptoms of many diseases and disorders. Differential diagnostics are necessary to compare all possible pathologies and identify their root cause. Properly conducted studies allow identifying the factors that provoked painful symptoms and making a plan for their treatment.

During the differentiation of diagnosis, the nature of the pathological process and its localization in the gastrointestinal tract, the presence of signs of infection and the dynamics of their development are very important. Particular attention is paid to the epidemiological anamnesis, as it allows us to make assumptions about the nature of the disorder.

Basic principles of differential diagnostics:

• Determination of duration of pathological symptoms and bowel dysfunction. Laboratory test results.
• The severity of the body's disorders and the general condition of the patient. The presence of dehydration, intoxication.
• Presence of concomitant symptoms.
• Identification of acute gastrointestinal lesions requiring emergency surgical treatment.

Since the list of diseases with loose stools and vomiting is very large, differential diagnosis is difficult.

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Treatment vomiting with diarrhea in a child without fever

Any painful symptoms in children require special attention from parents. Treatment of vomiting with diarrhea in a child without fever begins with establishing the cause of the pathological condition. To do this, you need to contact a pediatrician who will prescribe a number of diagnostic tests and appropriate therapy.

Therapy begins with pre-medical care to alleviate the patient's condition: cleansing the gastrointestinal tract and body, replenishing lost fluid and minerals, eliminating irritants of the digestive system. Let's consider the main causes of diarrhea and vomiting in children and methods of treating them:

• Indigestion or overfeeding - eliminate the product after consumption of which the child developed an upset stomach, ensure an optimal drinking regime.
• Poisoning - call an ambulance, wash the stomach and give solutions for dehydration. The further condition of the baby depends on the speed of first aid.
• Intestinal infection - seek medical help and collect some of the vomit and feces for analysis in advance. You should also begin to remove the lost fluid and minerals, that is, prevent possible dehydration.
• Allergic reaction - treatment involves eliminating the allergen, taking medications and following a diet.
• Dysbacteriosis - a pediatrician deals with the treatment of this condition. In most cases, it is recommended to adjust the diet.
• Stress and nervous experiences – situations that traumatize the baby should be excluded. That is, irritating factors should be minimized. During treatment, it is recommended to adhere to a gentle diet.
• Climate change – parents should provide a calm environment for the victim. In the first 2-3 days after changing the climate zone, it is necessary to avoid mental or physical stress and not give new products.

Some cases of the disorder require emergency medical care. If vomiting and diarrhea are accompanied by epileptic seizures, convulsions, severe dehydration, loss of consciousness or acute abdominal pain, then it is necessary to call an ambulance. Before the doctors arrive, parents should control the situation. The baby should not be left alone; if the disorder is in an infant, then he should be held in your arms, tilted forward so that vomit does not get into the respiratory tract. After each regurgitation, clean and rinse the mouth. The child can be laid on his side or back, but only with his head turned to the side. During attacks, it is contraindicated to try to feed the baby.

The effectiveness of the treatment can be determined by the following signs: well-being has improved, episodes of diarrhea and vomiting have become less frequent or have stopped, appetite has returned, and mood has improved.

Medicines

The choice of medication for the treatment of vomiting attacks with diarrhea without fever in children depends on their cause. The doctor selects the drugs based on the patient's age, the state of the body and the presence of concomitant symptoms.

The first stage of treatment begins with replenishing lost fluid and essential minerals. To eliminate dehydration, use: boiled water, non-carbonated mineral water, sugar-free dried fruit compotes and special solutions. Liquid should be consumed every hour and immediately after regurgitation and diarrhea. The volume of liquid is 250-300 ml per dose.

Medicines for dehydration in children:

1. Regidron

A drug for restoring acid-base balance, disrupted by the loss of electrolytes during vomiting and diarrhea. The medicine contains glucose, which restores normal functioning of the body by absorbing salts and citrates. In comparison with similar drugs, Regidron has low osmolarity, which has a beneficial effect on well-being.

• Indications for use: restoration and maintenance of water-alkaline balance, diarrhea in infectious lesions, prevention of water-alkaline balance and pH disturbances in case of profuse sweating.
• The medicine is available in powder form for solution preparation. The contents of one sachet should be diluted in 1 liter of boiled water and allowed to cool. The medicine is taken in small sips after each attack of regurgitation and diarrhea. 10 ml/kg of the patient's body weight should be drunk within an hour.
• Regidron is contraindicated for patients with diabetes mellitus, moderate or severe arterial hypertension, acute renal failure and chronic renal failure, and excess K in the body.
• If the drug is taken in therapeutic doses, then side effects do not occur. In case of overdose, there is a risk of developing hypernatremia or hyperkalemia. Increased weakness, drowsiness, confusion appear.

2. Glucosolan

Dehydrating agent for oral use. Available in tablet form for solution preparation. Each capsule contains the following substances: sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, glucose and sodium citrate.

The medicine is prescribed for infectious diseases and for the prevention of water-salt balance disorders with significant loss of fluid by the body. The solution is taken regardless of food intake. In case of severe vomiting and diarrhea, it is recommended to drink the mixture for 6-7 hours at the rate of 40-50 ml/kg of body weight.

3. Ringer-Locke solution

Solution for prevention and elimination of dehydration and intoxication of the body. Contains: sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, glucose, calcium chloride and water for injection. Used in acute dysentery and food poisoning, acute circulatory disorders and other conditions with dehydration. Used for intravenous drip administration.

Antiemetic drugs for children:

1. Cerucal

A drug with antiemetic properties. Normalizes the tone of the digestive tract. Contains the active component - metoclopramide, which selectively blocks serotonin and dopamine receptors, reducing the sensitivity of visceral cells responsible for the passage of impulses from the pylorus and duodenum to the vomiting center in the medulla oblongata. The drug is not effective in vomiting of psychogenic and vestibular nature.

• Indications for use: treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, heartburn, pyloric stenosis (functional). Helps with nausea and vomiting of various origins, during gastrointestinal diagnostics, X-ray diagnostics.
• The medicine is available in two forms: tablets and injection solution. Tablets for adults and adolescents are prescribed at 10 mg 3-4 times a day. For patients over 3 years old - 0.1 mg/kg of body weight. Capsules are taken 30 minutes before meals with liquid. The course of treatment is 1-2 months, if necessary, can be extended to 6 months. Injection solution is administered intravenously and intramuscularly. For adults and adolescents, 10 mg 3-4 times a day is indicated. For children over 3 years old - 0.1 mg/kg of body weight. For infusion administration, the drug is dissolved in 0.9% sodium chloride solution or 5% glucose solution.
• Side effects: headaches, dizziness, increased fatigue, changes in blood pressure, dry mouth, changes in taste, allergic skin reactions.
• Contraindications: individual intolerance to the components of the drug, intestinal obstruction, risk of gastrointestinal bleeding or intestinal perforation, pheochromocytoma, epilepsy, seizures, first trimester of pregnancy, patients under 3 years of age.
• The use of increased doses causes overdose symptoms. Irritability, drowsiness, confusion, convulsions, hypertension appear. To eliminate these pathologies, intravenous administration of Biperiden and monitoring of vital functions of the body until the condition is normalized are indicated.

2. Motilak

A tablet preparation that is similar in structure to neuroleptics. Affects the peristalsis of the stomach and duodenum, increasing the duration of contraction of their walls. Accelerates the emptying of the stomach from the digestive bolus. Has an antiemetic effect.

• Indications for use: vomiting and nausea of various etiologies, heartburn, flatulence, belching, a feeling of heaviness in the epigastric region, reflux esophagitis, hiccups. Tablets are taken 30 minutes before meals with water. For children weighing 20-30 kg, ½ tablet 2 times a day is indicated, and for babies over 30 kg, a whole capsule 2 times a day. Dosage for adults is 3 tablets a day.
• Side effects: temporary intestinal spasms, skin allergic reactions, increased prolactin levels, extrapyramidal disorders, anaphylaxis.
• Contraindications: intolerance to the components of the drug, perforation and bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, mechanical obstruction. The drug is taken with special caution during lactation and liver failure.
• In case of overdose, symptoms of increased drowsiness, extrapyramidal reactions, and disorientation are possible. Symptomatic therapy, activated carbon, or gastric lavage are indicated to eliminate them.

3. Motilium

A stimulant of intestinal peristalsis with a pronounced antiemetic effect. The active component is domperidone. The drug has several forms of release: tablets, suspension and lingual (quick-dissolving) tablets.

• Indications for use: dyspeptic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, delayed bowel movement, nausea and vomiting of infectious, organic or functional origin, cyclic vomiting, changes in gastric motility in children.
• The drug is prescribed for patients over 35 kg and children over 5 years old. The medicine is taken 2-3 times a day. The dosage is determined by the attending physician, based on the patient's condition and the form of the drug.
• Side effects: reversible extrapyramidal disorders, amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, skin allergic reactions, in rare cases gastrointestinal disorders develop. In case of overdose, severe side effects are observed. Symptomatic therapy is indicated for treatment.
• Contraindications: perforation and mechanical obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract, gastrointestinal bleeding, prolactinoma, individual intolerance to the components of the drug.

Antidiarrheal drugs:

1. Loperamide

A drug with antidiarrheal properties. When it enters the body, it binds to opioid receptors in the intestinal walls, inhibiting the tone and motor function of the intestinal smooth muscles. It exhibits an inhibitory effect on the release of acetylcholine and prostaglandins, reducing peristalsis and increasing the time it takes for contents to pass through the intestines. The drug increases the tone of the anal sphincter, has a rapid pharmacological effect that lasts for 4-6 hours.

• Indications for use: diarrhea of various etiologies (allergic, due to nervous excitement, drug-induced). The drug is prescribed for diarrhea due to a change in diet, infectious diarrhea. It can also be used to normalize stool in case of ileostomy.
• Method of administration: the medication is taken orally with water. Loperamide is not prescribed for children under 4 years of age. For children aged 4 to 8 years, 1 mg 3-4 times a day for 3 days. For children aged 9 to 12 years, 2 mg 4 times a day for 5 days. For adult patients, 2 tablets are prescribed after each bowel movement.
• Side effects: abdominal pain, nausea, increased salivation and gas formation, constipation. Increased drowsiness, dizziness, dermatological reactions, loss of strength are also possible.
• Contraindications: patients under 4 years of age, complete and partial intestinal obstruction, constipation, increased gas formation, acute dysentery, acute ulcerative colitis, first trimester of pregnancy, individual intolerance to the components of the drug.
• In case of overdose, more pronounced side effects are observed. Treatment is symptomatic, Naloxone is recommended as an antidote.

2. Imodium

Antidiarrheal drug with a synthetic opioid receptor blocker. Affects intestinal wall cells and smooth muscles of the organ. Loperamide changes the functions of cholinergic and adrenergic neurons by blocking the release of acetylcholine and prostaglandins in the gastrointestinal tract. Increases the tone of the rectum, improving fecal retention and reducing the frequency of urge to defecate. Normalizes excess mucus in the intestinal lumen, as well as the absorption of fluid and electrolytes from the gastrointestinal tract.

• Indications for use: the medicine is prescribed to children over 5 years old and to adults with stool disorders. Helps to normalize stool consistency, eliminates acute and chronic diarrhea of chronic genesis.
• Directions for use: The dosage and course of treatment are selected by the attending physician for each patient individually. For diarrhea, 2 capsules are prescribed for adults and 1 tablet for children. The maximum daily dosage for children is 3 capsules, and for adults - 8 pcs.
• Side effects: headaches and dizziness, increased fatigue, dry mouth, pain in the epigastric region, nausea, allergic skin reactions, urinary retention.
• Contraindications: individual intolerance to the components of the drug, acute dysentery and ulcerative colitis, bacterial enterocolitis, constipation, lactose intolerance, paralytic ileus and other peristaltic disorders.
• Overdose: CNS depression, impaired motor coordination, drowsiness, stupor, convulsions, loss of consciousness.

3. Stoperan

A medicinal product with antidiarrheal properties and the active substance is loperamide. It is used for symptomatic therapy of acute and chronic diarrhea, prescribed for patients with irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel lesions and functional digestive disorders. The medicine is prescribed for children over 6 years old, the dosage and duration of therapy is determined by the attending physician.

• Side effects: constipation, dry mouth, intestinal colic, intestinal obstruction, loss of consciousness, flatulence, tremors of the extremities, various allergic reactions.
• Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, primary therapy of pseudomembranous colitis, liver dysfunction, intestinal obstruction. The drug is not prescribed during pregnancy and for children under 6 years of age.
• Overdose: severe liver dysfunction, stupor, impaired coordination of movements, drowsiness, nausea, urinary retention.

Antitoxic medications (enterosorbents, prebiotics):

1. Smecta

A medicinal product of natural origin with an adsorbent effect. Stabilizes the mucous barrier, improves gastroprotective properties. Selective sorption actions are associated with the discoid-crystalline structure of the drug.

• Indications for use: acute and chronic diarrhea of various origins, vomiting, heartburn, abdominal pain, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, increased gas formation.
• The medicine is available in powder form for the preparation of a suspension for oral use. The course of treatment is 3-7 days. For children under 1 year old, 1 sachet per day is prescribed, for children 1-2 years old, 1-2 sachets per day, and for children over 2 years old, 2-3 sachets per day. Adult patients are prescribed 3 sachets per day, dissolved in ½ glass of warm water.
• Side effects are extremely rare. Constipation is possible. The main contraindication is intestinal obstruction and hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

2. Atoxyl

Enterosorbent of the 4th generation with pronounced sorption properties. It has wound-healing, antiallergic, detoxifying and antiallergic effects. The active component of the drug is silicon dioxide. Atoxil is available as a powder for the preparation of suspensions.

• Indications for use: acute intestinal diseases with diarrhea and vomiting, complex therapy of viral hepatitis A and B, various allergic diseases. When applied externally, the drug is used to treat burns, trophic and purulent wounds. It can be used as a detoxifying agent and in case of intoxication of the body.
• Method of administration: for adult patients and children over 7 years old, 12-24 g per day, the daily dosage should be divided into 3-4 doses. For children from 1 to 7 years old, 1.5-2 g / kg of the child's body weight. Duration of treatment is 3-10 days, depending on the severity of the pathological condition.
• Side effects develop in isolated cases and are manifested by constipation. The drug is contraindicated for children under 1 year old, in case of exacerbation of ulcerative disease of the duodenum and stomach, intestinal obstruction, hypersensitivity to silicon dioxide.

3. Linex

A medicinal product with antidiarrheal action, restores normal intestinal microflora. It is produced in the form of capsules for oral use. Each capsule contains about 12 million live lyophilized lactic acid bacteria.

It is used for acute and chronic diarrhea of various origins in infants, children and adults. For vomiting, drug-induced dysbacteriosis, flatulence, inflammatory lesions of the gastric mucosa and small intestine. For infants, 1 capsule is prescribed 3 times a day, for children from 2 to 12 years old, 1-2 capsules 3 times a day. Dosage for adults is 2 capsules 3 times a day. Side effects and overdose symptoms do not develop.

Any medications for treating a child can be used only after a doctor's permission and the cause of the pathological condition has been established. Self-medication is dangerous and can lead to serious consequences and complications.

Vitamins

Complex treatment of vomiting with diarrhea without fever in children should include vitamin therapy. Vitamins are prescribed to strengthen the immune system and the body. It is necessary to take useful microelements and minerals from the first days of the disorder.

Vitamins for children:

• Group B – necessary to enhance the protective properties of the immune system and overall strengthening of the body. Thiamine, niacin, folic and pantothenic acid, riboflavin and other substances regulate vital processes in the body and participate in the process of hematopoiesis. Useful substances can be obtained from whole grain products, poultry and fish, dairy products, fresh vegetables.
• C – actively stimulates the immune system and cellular metabolism. Found in large quantities in citrus fruits and green vegetables.
• D – deficiency of this substance has a negative effect on the entire body. The vitamin controls phosphorus-calcium metabolism. It is obtained through the skin with ultraviolet radiation. It is found in seaweed, fish, and yeast.

To form healthy intestinal microflora, prebiotics (inulin, fructooligosaccharide) are necessary. These substances are fermented by the microflora of the large intestine, due to which digestion is normalized and appetite is improved. Useful substances are contained in vitamin complexes for children: Alphabet B, Pikovit, VitaMishki bio+. For general strengthening of the body, you can use: Multi-tabs, Alphabet, Supradin, Pikovit.

Physiotherapy treatment

Physiotherapeutic treatment is used to strengthen the child's body and eliminate many disorders. This method is based on the impact of natural physical factors on the body. Some procedures can be performed at home, while others require contacting a clinic or health resort complex.

• Massage – it can be health-improving and therapeutic. The procedure is aimed at strengthening the body, eliminating digestive problems, improving metabolism and strengthening the nervous system. It is performed on a certain part of the body, it can be a head, back, stomach massage.
• Ultraviolet radiation – used for babies from birth. Helps with vomiting and diarrhea caused by infectious or acute respiratory diseases.
• Galvanization and electrophoresis – prescribed for children over 1 month. Involves the impact on the body of weak direct current impulses. Used for various diseases of the digestive system, nervous disorders and other pathologies.
• Electrical stimulation is prescribed for lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, hypotension of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall, and vesicoureteral reflux.

Physiotherapy treatment is carried out as prescribed by a doctor and only by specially trained personnel.

Folk remedies

Another option for combating vomiting and diarrhea in a child without fever is alternative medicine. Traditional medicine is based on the use of herbal ingredients. Let's look at effective medicinal recipes that can be used for children:

• Rice broth – removes toxins from the body, promotes fecal consolidation. Pour 500 ml of water over two tablespoons of rice cereal and cook the porridge. Give the patient 1 teaspoon of the prepared warm broth until they feel better.
• Take 100 g of yarrow, silverweed and 50 g of oak bark and wormwood. Mix all ingredients and pour 250 ml of warm water over 100 g of raw materials. Boil the mixture for 20-30 minutes, cool and strain. Drink throughout the day.
• Mint tea has a healing effect. Pour 250 ml of boiling water over a couple of leaves of the plant and let it brew. For vomiting and diarrhea in infants, 2-3 teaspoons of infusion per day is enough, and for older children, 100 ml 2-3 times a day.

Dill water (pour boiling water over a bunch of greens and let cool), baked quince, chamomile and ginger tea, valerian, and lemon balm have medicinal properties.

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Herbal treatment

Herbal treatment is used for many diseases and painful symptoms. This method of therapy is also suitable for children, but only after consultation with the attending physician.

• Mix 20 g of blueberries, snakeweed and peppermint. Add 30 g of chamomile flowers to the mixture and pour 500 ml of boiling water over everything. The mixture should be infused in a closed container until it cools. Take the infusion before meals, ½ cup, 3-4 times a day.
• Pour 250 ml of water over 20 g of dry pomegranate peel and boil in a water bath for 15 minutes. The decoction should be well wrapped and left to brew for 2 hours. After cooling, strain and take 1 teaspoon 3 times a day.
• Mix equal parts mint and chamomile. Pour a handful of the mixture with hot water and let it brew for 1.5-2 hours. Strain the mixture and take it in small sips throughout the day.
• Pour 250 ml of water over 50 g of dried blueberries and boil over medium heat for 20 minutes. Cool the decoction, strain and take 1/3 cup 2-3 times a day.

The choice of herbal treatment recipe depends on the cause of the pathological condition and the age of the patient.

Homeopathy

Many parents use alternative methods to treat their children. Homeopathy is one of them. For diarrhea and vomiting without fever, the following medications are recommended:

• Ipecac is a painful condition caused by various diseases of the body or overeating. Unpleasant symptoms are accompanied by a feeling of emptiness in the stomach, vomit with a sharp odor.
• Arsenicum – a disorder caused by food poisoning, overeating, nervous experiences, thirst.
• Aconitum – disorders due to a sharp change in climate zone or attacks of fear.
• Pulsatilla – improper feeding, fatty foods, overeating.

If vomiting and diarrhea are acute, the medicine is taken every 10-20 minutes. When the condition improves, the interval between doses can be increased to 1-2 hours. During treatment, it is necessary to restore and maintain water balance. This will prevent dehydration. All homeopathic preparations should be used in 12C potency, but only as prescribed by a doctor.

Surgical treatment

If the vomiting and diarrhea attacks in a child are associated with a foreign body entering the stomach, then surgical treatment may be indicated. In 85% of cases, swallowed objects come out on their own during defecation. Babies who have swallowed large or sharp objects are subject to hospitalization. The victim is monitored and prescribed a special diet rich in fiber or Atropine.

In case of large foreign bodies in the stomach, endoscopy is performed through the manipulation channel of the gastroscope. If there are objects in the stomach that cannot come out on their own or cannot be removed using endoscopy, then gastrotomy surgery is indicated. If the pathological process is caused by or accompanied by penetrating abdominal wounds, then revision laparotomy is indicated. Complications after surgical treatment and removal of foreign bodies from the gastrointestinal tract develop extremely rarely.

Prevention

To prevent vomiting with diarrhea in a child without fever, it is necessary to carry out prevention of conditions that can cause painful symptoms. Prevention consists of hygiene, maintaining the quality of nutrition and timely treatment of any diseases. It is enough to follow these recommendations:

• Make sure your child washes his hands after going outside and to the toilet, and before eating. Keep your hygiene, food products and surfaces clean.
• Wash the potty/toilet with disinfectants after each bout of diarrhea and regurgitation.
• Do not store cooked and raw food together; maintain proper food temperature.
• Follow the rules of cooking, give preference to boiled and stewed dishes.
• Do not give your child expired products or consume them yourself.
• Milk, meat, eggs and fish must be cooked thoroughly before being given to children.
• Water must be purified, boiled or mineral, but without gas.
• The child must have his own towel, bed linen and cutlery.
• After the last episode of vomiting and diarrhea, do not allow your child to go to kindergarten/school for 2 days.

To prevent upset stomach in infants, a nursing mother should follow a diet. Complementary feeding should be introduced gradually, as recommended by a pediatrician. If the baby is bottle-fed, then it is necessary to carefully select the mixture. The child's immune system should also be strengthened. The baby should be in a favorable psychological atmosphere.

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Forecast

Vomiting with diarrhea in a child without fever can be caused by various factors. The prognosis of the pathological condition is favorable in most cases. Timely response of parents and, if necessary, medical assistance can prevent serious complications. Particular attention should be paid to infants, since without proper supervision by adults, diarrhea can cause dehydration, and regurgitation can lead to suffocation and death.

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