Rabies in children

Rabies, or hydrophobia, is an acute viral disease transmitted through the bites of an infected animal, with the defeat of the nervous system and the development of severe encephalitis with a fatal outcome.

ICD-10 code

• A82.0 Forest rabies.
• A82.1 Urban rabies.
• A82.9 Rabies.

Epidemiology

Epidemiology

The main reservoir and source of infection among wild animals are wolves, foxes, jackals, bats, and among domestic animals - dogs and cats, rarely - horses, cattle, pigs, rats, etc. Transmission of infection from humans to humans, although possible, but it is very rare. This is a typical zoonotic infection. A person becomes infected with rabies mainly from dogs.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12]

Causes of the rabies

Causes of rabies

The causative agent is a virus from the rhabdovirus family , contains RNA. Distinguish between "wild", or "street", and a fixed rabies virus, obtained by L. Pasteur in adapting the "wild" strain to the rabbit's body.

What causes rabies?

[13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22]

Symptoms of the rabies

Symptoms of rabies

The incubation period with rabies is on average 30-90 days. With massive infection through extensive wounds of the head and face, it can shorten to 12 days. In rare cases, the incubation period can last 1 year or more.

There is a strictly consistent replacement of three periods of the disease: prodromal, excitation, paralysis.

Symptoms of rabies

Forms

Classification

Clinically distinguish between typical and atypical forms. Atypical include all cases without excitation and hydrophobia. Among atypical distinguish tabloid, cerebellar, meningoencephalitic, etc.

[23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32]

Diagnostics of the rabies

Diagnosis of rabies

For laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis, a method of fluorescent antibodies is used to quickly detect the viral antigen in corneal prints (intravital test) or the prints of the brain and salivary glands of dead, dead people and dead animals. The histological method retains the value, which allows finding the Babesh-Negri body with the usual light microscopy in the prints of the brain tissue taken in the region of the ammon horn, after special staining.

Diagnosis of rabies

[33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40]

Treatment of the rabies

Treatment of rabies

Treatment is not developed. The introduction of large doses of specific anti-rabies immunoglobulin and leukocyte interferon is ineffective. Conduct symptomatic treatment to alleviate the suffering of the patient. To this end, the patient is placed in a separate ward or box, creating a protective regime that limits the influence of the external environment (reducing noise, bright light, airflows). To reduce the excitability of the central nervous system prescribed sleeping pills, anticonvulsant, analgesics. Normalize the water balance.

Treatment of rabies

Prevention

Prevention of rabies

Identification and destruction of animals with rabies, as well as the prevention of human disease after infection. Veterinary and sanitary supervision includes mandatory registration of dogs with their immunization against rabies, isolation of stray dogs and cats, reduction of predators around human habitation, timely laboratory diagnostics, quarantine in the outbreak, sanitary and veterinary propaganda.

How to prevent rabies?