How to prevent rabies?
Last reviewed: 19.11.2021
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Prevention of rabies
Identification and destruction of animals with rabies, as well as the prevention of human disease after infection. Veterinary and sanitary supervision includes mandatory registration of dogs with their immunization against rabies, isolation of stray dogs and cats, reduction of predators around human habitation, timely laboratory diagnostics, quarantine in the outbreak, sanitary and veterinary propaganda.
When bitten by pets (dog, cat) it is important to establish whether these bites are provoked. In addition, they establish an observation of the animal and specify an anamnesis regarding rabies. If the animals are healthy, the victims do not need preventive measures against rabies. If a pet has disappeared after an attack on a person, and also in all cases of attack by wild animals (fox, wolf, raccoon, etc.), it is necessary to proceed to anti-rabies measures. This is a local treatment, the introduction of rabies vaccine and anti-rabies immunoglobulin.
Local treatment of rabies involves the immediate washing of the wound with a lot of soapy water followed by treatment with iodine tincture. Surgical excision of the edges of the wound and its suturing are strictly contraindicated.
After treatment, the wounds are actively passive immunization.
- Passive immunization.
- Anti-rabies immunoglobulin from human plasma, vaccinated with rabies vaccine.
- Immunoglobulin anti-rabies from hyperimmune horse serum (anti-rabies immunoglobulin).
- Active immunization.
- The anti-rabies culture inactivated dry vaccine for human immunization (rabiwak-Vnukovo-32, CAV) is an attenuated rabies virus, grown in the culture of kidneys of the Syrian hamster, inactivated by ultraviolet rays.
- Vaccine anti-rabies culture purified inactivated concentrated dry (COCAV) - its higher activity allows reducing the rate of immunization from 24 to 6 injections.
Rabies vaccine against rabies is injected subcutaneously in 3 ml (1 dose) into the anterior surface of the abdominal wall, and the concentrated vaccine is given only by intramuscular injection of 1 ml (1 dose). In addition to domestic vaccines, rabies rabies vaccine has been approved. Simultaneously with the first dose of the vaccine, it is recommended to introduce an antirabic immunoglobulin, which will provide immunity from the time of the initiation of treatment to the active production of antibodies to the vaccine. In the absence of human rabies immunoglobulin as a carrier of passive antibodies, an antirabic immunoglobulin should be administered with mandatory control of the hypersensitivity of the organism to the foreign protein.