Psychomotor agitation: signs, first aid, treatment with drugs

Many psychoneurological pathologies may be accompanied by a condition characterized by hypermobility and abnormal behavior that does not correspond to the situation. It manifests itself in varying degrees - from fussy obsessive agitation to uncontrollable aggression. The patient's actions are often accompanied by a violation of objective perception, hallucinations, delirium and other symptoms depending on the type of disease against which psychomotor agitation develops. A patient of any age in such a condition, especially one who is inaccessible to contact, can be dangerous to others and to himself, moreover, he will not seek help on his own, since he is unable to control his behavior. Psychomotor agitation suggests the development of acute psychosis, therefore it requires emergency psychiatric care.

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Causes psychomotor agitation

In order to experience this condition, it is not necessary to be mentally ill. It can arise as one of the types of reactive psychosis (psychogenic shock), which a person experiences as a result of very strong emotional shocks. This can be an event that threatens the life of a person or people very close to him - an accident, a message about an incurable disease, some significant loss, etc. At risk are people with psychopathic character traits, paranoid tendencies, emotionally labile, prone to hysteria, accentuated personalities whose deviations from the norm are sufficiently compensated and do not reach a pathological level.

In some periods - age crises, pregnancy - a person becomes more vulnerable to the development of psychomotor agitation as a consequence of psychogenic shock. Such cases are usually temporary, sometimes isolated, and completely reversible.

The development of psychomotor agitation occurs as a result of brain injuries, infections complicated by inflammatory diseases of the meninges, intoxications and hypoxia, ischemic processes, hemorrhages and tumors. Psychomotor agitation after a stroke often develops in the hemorrhagic form of vascular catastrophe, in ischemia - it is also possible, but less pronounced.

Psychomotor agitation often develops in individuals with mental (schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis, personality disorders), severe mental retardation or neurological (epilepsy, neuroses) diseases.

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Risk factors

Risk factors for the development of such a condition are metabolic disorders in brain tissue as a result of chronic or acute direct intoxication with alcohol, drugs, medications and other chemicals, pre-comatose and comatose states; autoimmune and immune processes.

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Pathogenesis

The pathogenesis of psychomotor agitation may vary depending on the cause that caused its development. The following are considered as pathogenetic links: psychological characteristics of the individual, circumstances, neuroreflex mechanisms, immune disorders, ischemic, hemorrhagic, metabolic disorders in the brain matter, direct toxic effects of poisonous substances that caused an imbalance of excitation and inhibition.

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Symptoms psychomotor agitation

This condition of abnormal hyperactivity is characterized by age-related features. Psychomotor agitation in young children is expressed in monotonous repetitions of shouts, one phrase or question, movements - nodding the head, swinging from side to side, jumping. Children cry mournfully and monotonously, laugh hysterically, grimace, bark or howl, bite their nails.

Older children are constantly moving, smashing and tearing everything, sometimes their aggression is frankly sadistic. They can imitate toddlers - sucking their thumbs for a long time, babbling excitedly like children.

Psychomotor agitation in elderly people is also characterized by motor and speech monotony. It manifests itself as fussiness, anxiety or irritability and grumpiness.

And although the clinical picture of different types of this condition has symptomatic differences (described below), the first signs always appear unexpectedly and acutely. The patient's behavior attracts attention - inadequate movements, violent emotions, defensive reactions, aggressive actions, attempts to injure oneself.

In the mild stage of psychomotor agitation, the patient is unusually active, talkative, and has a clearly hyperthymic mood; however, the abnormality of behavior is not yet very noticeable. The middle stage is characterized by already noticeable anomalies, dissociative thinking, unexpected and inadequate actions, the purpose of which is unclear, visible affects (rage, anger, melancholy, unbridled joy) and the absence of a critical attitude to one's behavior. Acute psychomotor agitation in the third stage is a very dangerous condition that requires emergency medical care. Affects are off the scale: consciousness is clouded, speech and movements are chaotic, there may be delirium, hallucinations. In this state, the patient is inaccessible to contact and is very dangerous to others and himself.

Forms

The types of psychomotor agitation largely depend on the causes that caused it and differ in their clinical course.

Depressive syndromes are characterized by anxious arousal. Motor reactions in this case are endless monotonous repetitions of simple movements, accompanied by speech repetitions of the same phrase, words, sometimes just groans. Raptuses are observed periodically - sudden impulsive attacks, frantic screams, self-harming actions.

Psychogenic agitation occurs against the background of severe mental shock or under life-threatening circumstances. It is accompanied by symptoms of affective-shock disorder: mental and motor overexcitation, vegetative disorders - increased heart rate and breathing, dry mouth, hyperhidrosis, dizziness, tremor of the limbs, fear of death. Various types of symptoms are possible - from catatonic or anxious to senseless panic actions. There may be attempts at suicide, fleeing the scene. In global cataclysms and disasters, psychogenic agitation has a group character.

Psychopathic agitation occurs in people with personality disorders, more often in excitable psychopaths, under the influence of exogenous irritation. In this case, the patient reacts with a force that is absolutely inadequate to the irritating factor. The use of psychoactive substances (alcohol, drugs) increases the likelihood of psychomotor agitation in a person with psychopathic or neurasthenic traits. Aggression, anger, malice are directed at individuals who have offended the patient, who have not appreciated his achievements. Most often it is expressed in threats, abuse, physical actions, suicide attempts, the demonstrative nature of which is intended to ensure a wide audience, which is especially characteristic of the hysterical subspecies of psychopathic agitation, when playing for the audience is accompanied by violent affects. The patient's facial expressions and gestures are emphatically expressive and often even pretentious. It is noticeable that the "actor" appeals to the audience in order to achieve empathy. Unlike "real" patients (epileptics, people with organic brain diseases), psychopaths are well-oriented in their surroundings and, in most cases, control the situation and can refrain from breaking the law, since they realize that they will be held responsible for their actions. However, there is no guarantee of safety, especially if the psychopath is under the influence of psychoactive substances.

In organic brain lesions and in epileptics, dysphoric psychomotor agitation often develops. The patient is tense, sullen and gloomy, very suspicious. Often takes a defensive position, reacts to attempts to establish contact with sharp irritation and unexpected strong aggression, suicidal intentions are possible.

Manic excitement is accompanied by a euphoric mood, all movements and thoughts are focused on performing some purposeful action, while accelerated thinking is characterized by a lack of logic, attempts to hinder an individual in such a state can cause violent aggression. Patients often skip words in sentences, it seems that their actions do not keep up with their thoughts. The voice of patients becomes hoarse and not a single action is brought to a logical conclusion.

Catatonic agitation – impulsive rhythmic repetitions of monotonous inarticulate muttering, singing, cursing, grimacing, jumping, shouting, pretentious unnatural movements and poses. Some patients are characterized by mannerisms – they greet everyone in a row and several times, try to make small talk, asking the same questions.

Schizophrenics often experience hebephrenic agitation, a specific feature of which is silly behavior, however, when subject to a sudden impulse, it can turn into aggression with elements of delirium, illusory visions, and mental automatism.

Epileptiform psychomotor agitation, which is most common in epileptics with temporal lobe lesions, is accompanied by clouding of consciousness, spatial and temporal disorientation, and contact with the patient is impossible. It occurs suddenly and is expressed by motor hyperactivity and aggressive actions. The patient defends himself from imaginary enemies and tries to escape from them. An angry, tense affect is observed, and such attacks of excitement are often accompanied by violent actions. The excited state lasts for about one or two minutes, then just as suddenly passes. After which the patient does not remember his actions and remains unavailable for contact for some time (at least 10 minutes).

Eretic psychomotor arousal is observed in oligophrenics and other forms of mental retardation. It manifests itself in purposeless destructive activity, devoid of any meaning, which is accompanied by swearing or loud meaningless sounds.

Delirious psychomotor agitation occurs under the influence of psychoactive substances or in chronic alcoholics, drug addicts with experience - as a withdrawal syndrome, as well as in trauma, neuroinfections, tumors. It is expressed by chaotic meaningless movements, intense concentration, incoherent speech, changeable facial expressions, aggressive gestures. This type of psychomotor agitation is almost always accompanied by delirium and hallucinations, under the influence of which patients are prone to commit unmotivated attacks on imaginary enemies and / or self-harming actions.

There are also delusional and hallucinatory arousal. Delusional arousal is characterized by the presence of ideas that are overvalued by the patient. Patients in a state of delirium are aggressive, see those around them as enemies who prevent the implementation of delusional ideas. It is typical for schizophrenics and people with organic pathologies of the central nervous system.

Patients with hallucinatory excitement, first of all, have very rich facial expressions, they are focused on their illusions, are hostile to others, and their speech is usually incoherent.

The diametrically opposite state is psychomotor inhibition or stupor. This state is characterized by hypo- and akinesia, decreased muscle tone, laconicism or simply dull silence. Sometimes the patient is contactable, sometimes not. The causes and types that cause psychomotor inhibition are similar to excitation, in addition, one state can be replaced by another, sometimes quickly and unexpectedly.

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Complications and consequences

The most significant result of psychomotor agitation is causing bodily harm incompatible with life to oneself or others. Less significant are minor injuries and damage to material assets. Particularly dangerous are patients with whom it is impossible to establish contact, with catatonic and hallucinatory-delusional types of agitation, since their impulsive actions cannot be predicted.

In addition, the occurrence of such a condition may indicate that the individual has serious mental or nervous system illnesses that require urgent action.

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Diagnostics psychomotor agitation

Prehospital diagnostics are carried out visually. It is advisable for the doctor to assess the patient's level of aggressiveness and the hypothetical cause of the state of psychomotor agitation. In addition, it is necessary to avoid aggression directed directly at health workers.

There is no point in asking the patient questions frequently, since he does not want to communicate.

However, some questions that will help to conduct differential diagnostics should be clarified, if not from the patient himself, then from his close people: has the patient had such conditions before, what preceded the attack of excitement, does the patient have a psychiatric or neurological diagnosis, did he take psychoactive substances the day before, did he receive injuries, does he suffer from alcoholism, were there any previous suicide attempts, etc.

During the examination, the doctor should focus on identifying specific symptoms of the patient's condition, whether they are increasing, whether there is delirium, hallucinations. Pay attention to the severity of affect, the presence of demonstrativeness, try to determine the severity of psychomotor agitation - how the patient speaks and moves (especially loud, non-stop, meaningless speech and hyperkinesis in combination with the lack of response to requests, comments, orders of others) are grounds for hospitalization.

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Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnostics is carried out between psychomotor agitations without psychotic symptoms and with them. It is necessary to differentiate psychogenic and psychopathic agitations from manic, epileptiform, schizophrenia, delirium.

Delirious disorders caused by taking psychoactive substances and requiring neutralization of their effect from delirium caused by other reasons - neuroinfections, epilepsy, tumors. Affective disorders - from each other, in particular, major depressive disorder (clinical depression), which is characterized by a long-term preservation of mood in one state, are differentiated from intermittent manic and depressive episodes (bipolar disorder). Stress also needs to be differentiated from mental illnesses and the severity of the stress reaction indicates what measures need to be taken.

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Treatment psychomotor agitation

In the vast majority of cases, patients in a state of psychomotor agitation are dangerous, mostly for those around them, but sometimes they also display auto-aggression. Emergency care for psychomotor agitation can prevent undesirable consequences. They try to isolate the patient and not leave him alone, observing him, if possible, not too noticeably, since demonstrative observation can cause an attack of aggression on the part of the patient. An ambulance is always called. Usually, a psychiatric team is sent to such a call, before whose arrival in difficult cases it is possible to call the police, who are obliged by law to provide psychiatric assistance.

The algorithm of assistance at the pre-hospital stage is to prevent aggression on the part of the patient by persuasion, distraction and physical force (holding the patient). Of course, first of all, if the patient is contactable, they try to persuade him to take the medicine or allow him to give an injection and voluntarily go to the hospital.

In severe cases (the patient actively resists, behaves threateningly or has a weapon), law enforcement agencies are involved and assistance is provided without the patient’s consent.

Violent patients are temporarily immobilized or restrained using improvised means or a straitjacket for the time required for transportation, while the drugs have not yet taken effect.

The main recommendations for tying up a patient in psychomotor agitation are that soft and wide materials are selected from available means - sheets, towels, fabric belts that should not squeeze the vessels and nerve trunks of the body. It is necessary to securely fix each arm of the patient separately, as well as the shoulder girdle. Basically, this is enough. In particularly violent and mobile patients, the lower limbs are also immobilized. In this case, it is necessary to make sure that it is impossible to free yourself from the fixing bandages. The condition of the immobilized patient must be constantly monitored.

The relief of psychomotor agitation is medicinal, except in cases of emergency surgical intervention, when hyperactivity is a sign of progressive compression of the brain.

The most widely used drugs for psychomotor agitation are neuroleptics with a pronounced sedative effect. Most often, parenteral administration is used - intramuscular or intravenous. If the patient is persuasive, parenteral forms of drugs can be used. Patients who have never undergone neuroleptic therapy are prescribed the minimum effective dose. For those who have previously been treated with psychotropic drugs, the dose is doubled. The patient's blood pressure, respiratory function and the absence of signs of orthostatic phenomena are constantly monitored. In milder cases, as well as weakened and elderly patients, tranquilizers are prescribed. Naturally, these drugs are not compatible with alcohol.

The drugs are dosed individually depending on the patient’s response to the treatment.

In cases of mild and moderate anxiety, the drug Atarax is prescribed. The active substance of the drug, hydroxyzine dihydrochloride, is a blocker of H1-histamine and choline receptors, exhibits a moderate anxiolytic effect, and also provides a hypnotic and antiemetic effect. It is a tranquilizer of a fairly mild action. In case of anxiety, patients fall asleep faster, the quality of sleep and its duration improve. The relaxing effect of the drug on the muscles and the sympathetic nervous system contributes to this effect.

In addition, Atarax generally has a beneficial effect on memory, concentration and memorization, but this is a remote effect. And during the intake, you should refrain from driving a car, working at height, with electrical wiring, etc.

The active ingredient is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract at a good rate. The effect of taking the tablets occurs in half an hour, and with intramuscular administration - almost instantly. As a result of taking the drug, there is no withdrawal syndrome, however, in elderly patients suffering from liver and kidney failure, a dose adjustment is required.

Atarax crosses the placental barrier, accumulates in the tissues of the unborn child, penetrates into breast milk, therefore the drug is contraindicated for pregnant and lactating women.

It is not prescribed to patients with porphyria and established allergy to the active substance or auxiliary contained in the drug, in particular, lactose, as well as to cetirizine, aminophylline, piperazine, ethylenediamine and their derivatives.

The drug can cause an allergic reaction, although it has the ability to eliminate it, rare side effects include increased agitation, hallucinations and delirium.

Basically, it causes drowsiness, weakness, subfebrile temperature, blurred vision, dyspepsia, and hypotension.

In case of moderate psychomotor agitation, in elderly and weakened patients, and also to relieve pre-irritational agitation or symptoms of psychoactive substance withdrawal syndrome, Grandaxin can be used. The active substance tofisopam belongs to the group of benzodiazepines. This drug reduces mental stress, reduces anxiety, has a mild sedative effect. At the same time, it is believed that it does not cause drowsiness, muscle relaxation and anticonvulsant effect, therefore, in case of pronounced psychomotor agitation, its use is inappropriate. The drug can provoke increased agitation, dyspeptic phenomena and allergic reactions. It is prohibited in the first three months of pregnancy, then - only for vital indications. Nursing women can take it provided that lactation is stopped. Side effects are more often observed in people with liver and kidney dysfunction, mentally retarded and in old age.

In epilepsy, this drug can cause convulsions; in states of depressive anxiety, the risk of suicide attempts increases; special caution should be exercised with patients who have organic brain disorders, as well as those suffering from personality disorders.

Another benzodiazepine anxiolytic, Relanium (active ingredient – diazepam), is often used in emergency cases of acute psychomotor anxiety agitation. It is used both orally and parenterally – intramuscularly and intravenously. The drug, unlike the previous one, has a pronounced hypnotic, anticonvulsant and muscle-relaxing effect.

Interacts with benzodiazepine receptors localized in the center of regulation of activity of the structures of the brain and spinal cord, enhances the action of the inhibitory neurotransmitter - γ-aminobutyric acid, both presynaptic and postsynaptic, and also inhibits polysynaptic spinal reflexes.

The sedative and hypnotic effect is realized mainly through the influence on the neurons of the reticular formation of the brain stem.

Convulsions are stopped by suppressing the spread of epileptogenic activity; however, excitation in the epileptic focus remains intact.

Relanium weakens delirious agitation of alcoholic etiology, however, it has virtually no effect on the productive manifestations of psychotic disorders (delusions, hallucinations).

Contraindicated in cases of severe respiratory failure, tendency to sleep apnea, and muscle weakness. Also not used in comatose states, for treating patients with phobic disorders, and chronic psychoses. Contraindicated in patients with glaucoma, especially closed-angle glaucoma, and severe liver and kidney dysfunction. Chronic alcoholics and drug addicts are prescribed exclusively to relieve agitation caused by withdrawal syndrome.

In bipolar and other types of mixed disorders with a predominant anxiety component, Amitriptyline can be used to stop an attack of psychomotor agitation. It belongs to the class of tricyclic antidepressants and is available in both tablet and injection form. It increases the concentration of catecholamines and serotonin in the synaptic cleft, inhibiting the process of their reuptake. It blocks choline and histamine receptors. The improvement in mood when taking the drug is simultaneously reinforced by sedation - a decrease in anxious agitation.

It is believed that it does not affect the activity of monoamine oxidase. At the same time, it is not prescribed in combination with other antidepressants that inhibit monoamine oxidase. If it is necessary to replace Amitriptyline with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, the interval between taking the drugs should be at least two weeks.

Paradoxical side effects are possible, as well as increased drowsiness, headache, coordination disorder, dyspepsia. The drug is not recommended for use in the manic phase of bipolar disorder, epileptics and patients with suicidal tendencies. Contraindicated for children under twelve years of age, with special caution prescribed to men suffering from prostate adenoma, persons of both sexes with dysfunction of the thyroid gland, heart and blood vessels, glaucoma, patients who have had a myocardial infarction, pregnant and lactating women.

A hypnotic drug with antipsychotic action, Tiapride blocks the adrenoreceptors of the brainstem. In parallel, it has an antiemetic effect by blocking the receptors of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the brain, as well as in the hypothalamic thermoregulation center.

The drug is indicated for the treatment of patients over six years of age in a state of psychomotor agitation of various genesis, including alcohol, drug and senile aggression. The drug is taken orally from minimal doses, bringing to effective ones.

Non-contact patients are given injections every four or six hours. The dose is prescribed by a doctor, but no more than 0.3 g of the drug can be given to a child or 1.8 g to an adult per day. The injection form is used to treat patients aged seven years and over.

Contraindicated in the first four months of pregnancy, nursing mothers, patients with prolactin-dependent tumors, pheochromocytoma, decompensated and severe cardiovascular and renal pathologies.

It is prescribed with caution to epileptics and elderly patients.

Adverse effects from taking the drug may include increased hypnotic action or paradoxical effects, hyperprolactinemia, and allergic reactions.

The most universal and widely used drugs at present for stopping the state of psychomotor agitation at different stages are neuroleptics, the most popular of which is Aminazin. This neuroblocker has proven itself to be an effective means of combating hyper-excitation and is used in many countries of the world under different names: Chlorpromazine (English version), Megafen (Germany), Largactil (France).

This drug has a diverse and complex dose-dependent effect on the central and peripheral nervous system. Increasing the dose causes an increase in sedation, the patient's body muscles relax and motor activity decreases - the patient's condition approaches the normal physiological state of sleep, which differs from narcotic sleep in that it is devoid of the side effects of anesthesia - stupefaction, and is characterized by ease of awakening. Therefore, this drug is the drug of choice for stopping states of motor and speech excitement, anger, rage, unmotivated aggression in combination with hallucinations and delirium.

In addition, the drug, acting on the thermoregulation center, is capable of lowering body temperature, which is valuable in cases of excitation due to acute brain injuries, hemorrhagic strokes (when hyperthermia is often observed). This action is potentiated by the creation of artificial cooling.

In addition, Aminazine has an antiemetic ability, soothes hiccups, which is also important in the above cases. It potentiates the effect of anticonvulsants, painkillers, narcotics, sedatives. It is able to stop attacks of hypertension caused by the release of adrenaline, and other interoceptive reflexes. The drug has moderate anti-inflammatory and angioprotective activity.

The mechanisms of its action have not yet been fully studied, but its effectiveness is beyond doubt. Research data from different countries indicate that the active substance (phenothiazine derivative) has a direct effect on the occurrence and conduction of nerve impulses that transmit excitation in different parts of both the central and autonomic nervous systems. Under the influence of the drug, metabolic processes in the brain tissues slow down, especially in the neurons of its cortex. Therefore, the neuroplegic effects of the drug are associated with cortical types of activity. In addition, Aminazine also affects the subcortex, reticular formation and peripheral nerve receptors, suppresses almost all types of psychomotor agitation, relieves hallucinatory and delusional symptoms, but is not a sleeping pill. A patient under the influence of this drug is able to adequately respond and answer questions.

It is used both independently and in combination with anxiolytics and other psychotropic drugs. Absolute contraindications to the use of the drug are severe systemic pathologies of the brain and spinal cord, dysfunction of the liver and kidneys, hematopoietic organs, myxedema, a tendency to thromboembolism, decompensated heart disease.

It is used at any age, dosed individually, according to age norms and severity of the condition. Oral administration is possible, as well as parenteral (intramuscular and intravenous). To avoid post-injection complications and painful sensations, the contents of the ampoule are diluted with novocaine or lidocaine, saline, glucose solution (intravenous administration).

After using the drug, especially the injection, a drop in blood pressure is possible, so the patient is advised to lie down for several hours and take an upright position without sudden movements.

In addition, other side effects are possible – allergies, dyspepsia, neuroleptic syndrome.

The drug Phenotropil is a new word in improving the work of the central and peripheral nervous system. Nootropic, which came to the general consumer from space medicine. The pharmacological action of the drug is close to natural - its manufacturers claim that the drug is able to activate a more rational use of its own resource, and not lead to its depletion.

The drug has a beneficial effect on metabolic processes in neurons of the brain and stimulates blood circulation in cerebral vessels. It activates the oxidation-reduction processes, increases the efficiency of glucogenesis, thus increasing the energy potential of the body. The active substance of the drug phenylpiracetam helps to increase the content of mediators of cheerfulness, pleasure and good mood - norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin. It is not worth listing all its wonderful qualities, but we will note what is directly related to the relief of psychomotor agitation. The drug has a psychostimulating effect - it accelerates the transmission of nerve impulses, improves performance, cognitive qualities, has moderate anti-anxiety activity. However, in the features of use, it is noted that people prone to panic attacks and attacks of psychotic agitation should use it with caution. The drug is more suitable for the prevention of psychomotor agitation and increasing the body's stress resistance. It has no direct indications for the relief of the state of motor and mental hyperactivity. On the contrary, it is indicated in cases of decreased mobility, lethargy, memory impairment and manifestations of anxious inhibition.

Various agents with sedative properties are used to treat psychomotor agitation: barbiturates - veronal, medinal, luminal, chloral hydrate and others. They have a pronounced hypnotic effect. They are sometimes prescribed rectally (in an enema). The effectiveness of such agents increases with the simultaneous intravenous administration of magnesium sulfate.

In severe cases, they resort to fast-acting, often narcotic, drugs (sodium thiopental, hexenal) and their intravenous administration. A complication of such therapy may be apnea and acute disruption of the cardiac muscle.

The effect of Reserpine in cases of psychomotor agitation resembles the effect of Aminazine. It is not a sleeping pill, but it potentiates natural sleep and relieves agitation, exerting a central effect. Patients feel calm, muscular relaxation, fall asleep in a calm and deep sleep. This process is accompanied by a decrease in blood pressure. Hypotension remains even after Reserpine is discontinued. Normalization of pressure after the drug is discontinued occurs as gradually as its decrease under the influence of the drug. This drug is indicated for hypertensive patients with acute psychomotor agitation. Contraindicated for epileptics and other patients prone to seizures.

After placing a patient with psychomotor agitation in an inpatient department and providing first aid (stopping the agitation), observation of him continues in a special ward, since the stability of his condition is questionable and there is a possibility of a resumption of the attack.

Prevention

It is almost impossible to prevent an accident or disaster, or other serious stress factors. However, it is necessary to try to increase your stress resistance.

Firstly, this concerns the general state of health. Proper nutrition, absence of bad habits, physical activity provide the highest possible immunity and reduce the likelihood of developing acute psychogenic reactions.

Secondly, a positive outlook on the world, adequate and objective self-assessment of the individual also reduces the risk of developing pathology.

Thirdly, if you have any disease of any etiology, you should not ignore it and undergo the necessary treatment courses.

People who are prone to stress and react sharply to it should engage in psychocorrection - use any relaxation factors (yoga, meditation, music, nature, pets, different types of training under the guidance of specialists). You can take courses of pharmacorrection under the guidance of a phytotherapist, homeopath, neurologist.

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Forecast

Timely assistance can prevent the danger of this condition both for those around and for the patient himself. Psychomotor agitation of mild and sometimes moderate severity can be eliminated without hospitalization, by an emergency psychiatric team. Severe cases with uncooperative patients require special care, the use of special measures and mandatory hospitalization. After the attack of agitation has been stopped, further developments are determined by the nature of the underlying disease.

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