X-rays (X-ray studies)

X-ray signs of inflammatory diseases of the brain

Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the brain can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Among bacterial lesions, meningitis, abscess and empyema are distinguished.

X-ray of the skull

The main and proven method of radial examination of the skull is survey radiography. Usually it is performed in two standard projections - direct and lateral. In addition to them, axial, semi-axial and sighting radiographs are sometimes required. Based on the survey and sight images, the position, size, shape, contours and structure of all the bones of the skull are established.

X-ray signs of kidney disease

Tactics of radiation research, i.e. The choice of radiation methods and the sequence of their application, are developed taking into account the history and clinical data. To a certain extent, it is standardized, because in most cases the doctor deals with typical clinical syndromes: pain in the kidney, macrogemuria, urination disorders, etc.

X-ray of the kidneys

Qualified urologists, as a rule, are well prepared for radiation diagnosis of injuries and diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract and can contact the radiologist themselves to establish the order and volume of radiation studies themselves.

X-ray of the spleen

Angiography of the spleen is extremely rarely used in the diagnosis of diseases of the spleen. For the diagnosis of portal hypertension, a direct injection of contrast medium into the pulp of the spleen is sometimes used; perform splenenportografiyu. If appropriate equipment is available, one can obtain an image of the splenic vein in the venous stage of arteriography, i.e. To carry out indirect splenoportografiyu.

X-ray of the pancreas

On the survey radiographs of the abdominal cavity the pancreas is indistinguishable. Exceptions are only rare cases of calcifications - parenchyma, pseudocyst walls and stones in ducts with chronic pancreatitis. On the survey images, as well as in the contrast X-ray examination of the stomach and intestine, indirect signs of lesion of the gland may be revealed.

X-ray of the liver and biliary tract

Indication for x-ray examination (roentgen) of the liver and biliary tract is established by the clinician on the basis of anamnesis and clinical picture of the disease. The choice of the method of radiation research is carried out jointly by the clinician and radiation diagnostician. The latter composes the research plan, analyzes its results and formulates a conclusion.

X-ray of the intestine

Radiography is a traditional method of studying the small and large intestine. Indications for him are numerous. In conditions of emergency medical care - this is a suspicion of intestinal obstruction, perforation of the intestine, thromboembolism of mesenteric vessels, gastrointestinal bleeding.

X-ray of the stomach and duodenum

Radiation and endoscopy studies form the basis of a comprehensive diagnosis of stomach diseases. Radiological methods are of primary importance among ray methods. The plan for X-ray examination of the stomach and duodenum depends on the history and clinical picture of the disease.

X-ray of the esophagus

Esophagus is a direct continuation of the pharynx. Its function is to move the food into the stomach. Peristaltic wave for 5-6 seconds reaches the lower esophageal sphincter, which at this time relaxes, and then immediately contracts, preventing the return of contents into the esophagus (the so-called regurgitation).

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