Endoscopy (endoscopy)

Endoscopy (examination) of the nasal cavity

Inspection (endoscopy) of ENT organs is the main method in assessing their condition. For a more effective implementation of this procedure, a number of general rules should be observed.

Colonoscopy

Complications of colonoscopy are very rare. There is a perforation of the colon, bleeding. In these cases urgent surgical intervention is necessary.

The goals of esophagogastroduodenoscopy are the detection of lesions of the mucous membranes of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum in acute and chronic infectious diseases, other diseases or complications. Implementation of medical measures. Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment.

Bronchoscopy

Invention in 1968 S. Ikeda et al. Fibrobronhoscope increased the value of both diagnostic and medical bronchoscopy and expanded the range of its application. The resolving possibilities of bronchoscopy were enlarged: it became possible to examine all the bronchi of the fourth order, 86% of the bronchi of the fifth order and 56% of the bronchi of the sixth order (GI Lukomsky et al., 1973).

Operative Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopic operations are conventionally divided into simple and complex. Simple operations do not require special long-term preparation, can be performed during diagnostic hysteroscopy, do not require laparoscopic control, can be performed out-patient in the presence of a one-day hospital. Simple hysteroscopic operations are carried out aiming under the control of the hysteroscope. They do not always need complicated equipment, they often use an operating hysteroscope and auxiliary tools.

Phalloscopy

The state of the epithelium of the fallopian tubes is important for determining their functionality. Phalloscopy - a direct visual inspection of the inner tube epithelium allows to evaluate its condition, to reveal a possible pathology, and also to estimate the probability of pregnancy after microsurgical operation with in vitro fertilization (GIFT, ZIFT).

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a combination of endoscopy (for detection and cannulation of the ampoule of the Fater's nipple) and X-ray examination after the introduction of a contrast agent into the bile and pancreatic ducts.

Chromoendoscopy

Chromoendoscopy is used for the differential diagnosis of diseases that are difficult to distinguish by endoscopy. Most often this concerns benign and malignant diseases, especially early forms, as well as determining the true boundaries of tumor lesions and inflammatory-degenerative changes in the mucosa.

Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopy - examination of the walls of the uterine cavity by means of optical systems. This method serves both for diagnosis and for the treatment of various gynecological diseases.

Preparation for endoscopy for gastrointestinal bleeding

Preparation for fibroendoscopy with gastrointestinal bleeding is performed at the time of resuscitation. Anesthesia should be performed depending on the patient's condition. Local anesthesia is more often used, but anesthesia is also used (endotracheal and intravenous).

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