Ovarian dysfunction: reproductive period, menopausal, how to treat and how to get pregnant, folk remedies

Dysfunction of the ovaries is not a disease, but a syndrome accompanied by a complex of disorders of the female reproductive system. The ovaries are an organ that belongs to both the endocrine and reproductive systems, responsible for conception and birth of a child. That is, we can say that dysfunction implies improper functioning of the ovaries, improper performance of their natural function.

The main symptom that allows us to suspect dysfunction in a woman is a violation of menstrual function. This is reflected in the cycle. In some women, it can be much longer than normal, in others - shorter. Most often, an extended menstrual period is 31 days, a shortened one - about 21 days. Normally, menstruation occurs on the 28th day of the cycle.

The duration of the cycle may also change. Normally, menstruation lasts from 3 to 7 days. In this case, the blood discharge should be moderate. Normally, approximately 100-150 ml is released. If menstruation lasts more than 7 days, this may be a sign of dysfunction. It is also abnormal if menstruation lasts less than 3 days - this is also abnormal.

With dysfunction, the amount of blood lost may change. In some cases, menstruation may be heavy, with more than 150 ml of blood released. Or they may be scanty. With scanty menstruation, less than 100 ml is released.

In a more advanced form, uterine bleeding may be observed. It is unnatural and dysfunctional. Also, a pronounced premenstrual syndrome may indicate a disorder.

If left untreated, it can end in endometriosis, various breast and uterine tumors. Cancerous tumors can also develop. The end result is infertility.

Ovarian dysfunction syndrome

The syndrome can manifest itself in different ways: from minor pain and menstrual irregularities to heavy bleeding and complete amenorrhea.

The consequences can also be different. The main consequence is infertility, when a woman is unable to become pregnant. And this is not surprising, because in the process of ovarian dysfunction, the entire hormonal background of a woman completely changes. The menstrual cycle is disrupted, hormones that ensure the full maturation of the egg and its release stop being produced. Ovulation does not occur, the egg cannot be fertilized.

All this can be accompanied by inflammatory processes, the spread of infection not only through the genitals, but also throughout the body, undermining its protective properties.

Epidemiology

Ovarian dysfunction syndrome can be discussed if a woman has at least once experienced at least one of the symptoms that could indicate dysfunction.

Ovarian dysfunction syndrome can be diagnosed in every second woman of reproductive age, and in every third woman of menopause.

In adolescent girls, uterine bleeding occurs in 5-10% of cases.

In most patients, dysfunction is a consequence of hormonal disorders, inflammatory or infectious processes (in 59%). In 25% of women, dysfunction is a consequence of abortions, medical termination of pregnancy.

Without treatment, 56% of cases result in infertility, and 21% in malignant and benign tumors.

After completing the full course of treatment, ovulation stimulation, 48% of women can get pregnant on their own and carry a healthy baby. In 31% of cases, women can get pregnant, but carrying a child is associated with numerous difficulties.

[ 1 ], [ 2 ], [ 3 ], [ 4 ], [ 5 ], [ 6 ]

Causes ovarian dysfunction

The main cause of dysfunction is a hormonal disorder, in which the normal ratio of hormones is disrupted. Some of them can be produced in excessive quantities, others - in insufficient quantities. In addition, the causes of dysfunction can be the following disorders:

• development of an inflammatory process in the female genital organs: in the uterus, ovaries, appendages. Inflammation can develop due to many reasons. Most often, the cause is an infection, which can penetrate in two ways: externally or internally. Externally, the infection gets into the reproductive organs during unprotected sexual intercourse, when personal hygiene rules are not observed. When the infection penetrates internally, the infection can penetrate through the lymph and blood from another source. For example, if a person suffers from colds, inflammatory diseases;
• the inflammatory process can develop when the normal microflora of the genitals is disrupted. Usually, the microflora is disrupted when the body is weakened, after colds, or when overcooled. This is often observed after a course of antibiotic therapy;
• the presence of various benign and malignant tumors, injuries to the ovaries, uterus, severe diseases;
• concomitant pathologies, dysfunction of other glands of external and internal secretion, various congenital and acquired diseases, metabolic disorders, including: obesity, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus;
• nervous tension, multiple stresses, mental trauma, constant physical and mental stress, overwork, failure to observe work and rest schedules, poor nutrition;
• spontaneous or artificial termination of pregnancy. Artificial termination is especially dangerous in any form, both during medical abortion and during medical termination. Miscarriages in the early and late stages can also have negative consequences for the hormonal background. All this usually ends in long-term dysfunction, which develops into chronic ovarian dysfunction. The result is usually infertility;
• Incorrect placement of the intrauterine device. It should only be placed under the supervision of a physician;
• various external factors, such as a sudden change in climate, moving, or a change in lifestyle, can have a significant impact;
• the effect of drugs, chemicals, toxins, radioactive substances.

In most cases, even if a woman has had ovarian dysfunction at least once, the presence of dysfunction can be established. Subsequently, this can become a prerequisite for the development of persistent disorders.

Stress and ovarian dysfunction

Constant stress, fatigue, nervous and mental strain, lack of sleep can cause hormonal imbalances and ovarian dysfunction.

Dysfunction is often associated with stress during relocations, sudden changes in living conditions, climate change. Sometimes dysfunction can also be observed as a result of stress: for example, after a nervous shock, the death of a loved one, a divorce, an accident.

[ 7 ], [ 8 ], [ 9 ], [ 10 ]

Ovarian dysfunction after abortion

Abortion is the cause of the most serious disorders of the reproductive system. Especially if the abortion is done during the first pregnancy. During the first pregnancy, all changes occurring in the woman's body are aimed at ensuring the bearing of the child. This process is produced by the intensive synthesis of hormonal substances.

During an abortion, this process stops abruptly. Synthesis abruptly goes in the opposite direction. There is an intensive increase in the level of adrenaline and noradrenaline. After this, there is an intensive synthesis of glucocorticoid hormones of the adrenal glands. This causes severe hormonal stress, disruption of the normal functioning of the ovaries. There is a sharp failure in the work of the adrenal glands, pituitary gland, ovaries, which is sometimes impossible to restore.

After an abortion, ovarian dysfunction usually develops, which is primarily manifested by amenorrhea. Usually, menstrual function is not restored for a fairly long period, approximately 1 to 3 menstrual cycles. Amenorrhea is often accompanied by inflammatory and infectious processes, which significantly complicates further recovery of the body. During inflammation, cells die, tissues degenerate.

The main danger is that the cells responsible for the synthesis of estrogens are subject to degeneration and death. Accordingly, their secretory activity decreases, they produce less and less sex hormones. The result may be the development of a stable estrogen deficiency, which may entail dystrophic processes in the mucous membrane of the uterus. The level of proliferative processes decreases sharply, a pathological process is observed in the endometrium, the cycle becomes irregular. As a result, the probability of further pregnancy is reduced to a minimum.

Ovarian dysfunction after medical termination of pregnancy

Medical termination of pregnancy is considered a safer type of abortion. With this method, the woman is prescribed special pills. This leads to the woman having a miscarriage, similar to a natural miscarriage. In this case, the embryo is torn from the walls of the uterus and is expelled through the genitals.

This type of abortion is no less dangerous, it can have many complications and negative consequences. In order to minimize the risk of the procedure, it must be performed exclusively under the supervision of doctors. This type of abortion can only be done up to and including 49 days of pregnancy.

The consequences can be quite serious. The drugs themselves pose a certain risk. The drugs contain synthetic steroid hormones that block the production of progesterone. Progesterone is responsible for pregnancy and fetal development. Thus, pregnancy becomes impossible, the uterus rejects the fetus.

In addition, hormones disrupt the hormonal background, disrupt metabolic processes, and microflora. All this can be accompanied by inflammatory and infectious processes. As a result, the general metabolism is disrupted. This leads to dysfunction of the ovaries and other disorders in the reproductive system. The most dangerous complication is infertility.

Risk factors

The main risk factors include various inflammatory diseases and infectious processes. First of all, such pathological processes occur in the reproductive system. People who are prone to obesity, overweight, or with dystrophy are more susceptible to the risk of developing dystrophic processes. Patients with reduced immunity, with metabolic disorders, are more susceptible to the risk of developing ovarian dysfunction.

An important risk factor is abortion at any stage, medical termination of pregnancy. People exposed to stress, physical and mental stress are more prone to dysfunctions.

A special group consists of those patients whose endocrine function is impaired. This especially concerns the adrenal glands, thyroid gland and any other glands of internal and external secretion. If the activity of at least one gland is impaired, the risk of developing ovarian dysfunction increases significantly, since it is closely dependent on all other glands.

[ 11 ], [ 12 ], [ 13 ], [ 14 ], [ 15 ]

Pathogenesis

Normally, the activity of the ovaries is regulated by hormones of the anterior pituitary gland. If their ratio is disturbed, then the normal ovarian cycle, during which ovulation occurs, is also disturbed.

Dysfunction is a consequence of the violation of the ratio of these hormones. First of all, this is a consequence of incorrect regulatory processes on the part of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Also, the amount of estrogens increases significantly, the amount of progesterone decreases. This often ends with anovulation, when ovulation does not occur. Accordingly, menstrual disorders occur.

Pregnancy does not occur because the amount of estrogen decreases sharply and the level of progesterone is reduced to a minimum.

[ 16 ], [ 17 ], [ 18 ], [ 19 ]

Symptoms ovarian dysfunction

The main symptom indicating ovarian dysfunction is menstrual dysfunction. Such disorders are based on high levels of estrogens and low levels of progesterone. The following symptoms may also indicate dysfunction:

• irregular menstruation, which occurs at undefined intervals. They can be significantly delayed, or occur much later than expected. The intensity of discharge and the duration of menstruation itself also change significantly. If menstruation has become very scanty, or, on the contrary, excessively intense, this is a serious cause for concern. Menstruation can last from 1 day, which is abnormal, or drag on for up to 7 days or more, which also cannot be called normal;
• between periods, bleeding or discharge of various nature may occur;
• an indisputable cause for concern is the inability to become pregnant, various types of infertility, miscarriages, miscarriages, premature births. The cause is, first of all, a violation of the processes of egg maturation and ovulation;
• pain in the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and other organs related to the reproductive system. Pain is pulling, aching, dull, of any localization. Pain in the chest, abdomen. Poor health, apathy, weakness;
• severe, painful premenstrual syndrome, which manifests itself in the form of lethargy, pain, heaviness in the abdomen, bloating, chest pain. The lower back may hurt and pull. Increased irritability, excitability, tearfulness, and sudden mood swings are also observed;
• menstruation may not occur at the appointed time, but during this time there will be pain, discharge in the form of blood, clots, or mucus;
• Menstruation may be completely absent for quite a long period, even up to six months.

The first alarming sign that you need to pay attention to is a violation of the menstrual cycle. Even the most harmless prolongation or shortening of the duration of menstruation can lead to such serious consequences as infertility, tumors. Even heavy discharge, or, conversely, too little, should cause concern.

If the premenstrual period is pronounced, mental and nervous disorders occur, and pain sensations are observed. The most alarming early sign is the development of bleeding between periods. If early signs of dysfunction are detected, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Pain

Dysfunction may be accompanied by pain. It may have different character. It may be dull, sharp pain. It is usually observed in the premenstrual period. Most often, pain appears 2-3 days before the onset of menstruation.

Sometimes there may be pain in the lower abdomen, which appears at any time, without reference to menstruation. All this may be accompanied by chest pain, headaches.

[ 20 ], [ 21 ], [ 22 ]

Discharge in ovarian dysfunction

Discharge may accompany dysfunction in different periods. They may be both during menstruation and in the intermenstrual period. Most often, the discharge is of a bloody consistency, they may also contain clots. Mucous, white discharge is noted. They may be with a delay. Discharge is especially intense during the period when ovulation occurs or is supposed to occur.

[ 23 ], [ 24 ], [ 25 ]

Ovarian dysfunction in adolescents

When dysfunctions occur in adolescence, changes occur in the mucous membrane and uterus. The main cause of the pathology is a disruption in the connection between the ovaries and the parts of the brain that regulate ovarian function. This disruption is due to the lack of formation and immaturity of the connection between the ovaries and the brain.

The main manifestation is uterine bleeding. If the teenager does not receive proper treatment, persistent pathological changes in the endometrium may occur. Dysfunction can be provoked by inflammatory and infectious diseases, hypothermia, acute respiratory infections.

[ 26 ], [ 27 ], [ 28 ], [ 29 ]

Psychosomatics in ovarian dysfunction

The ovaries are paired female organs that show their activity in two spheres at once. They function as part of the reproductive system, and as one of the endocrine glands that synthesizes and secretes hormones into the blood. Dysfunction of the ovaries can be the cause of many psychosomatic diseases, and is a consequence of various mental states.

First of all, the ovaries are related to femininity, therefore it is on them that all problems related to the manifestation of femininity, the ability to have children are reflected first. All thoughts and mental states of a woman are closely connected with the ovaries through vibration. Most often, a woman is worried about insecurity, underestimation of her own strengths and abilities. These emotions often oppress a woman, suppress her mental state. Severe stress, nervous shock also lead to disruption of the ovarian function.

Is it possible to get pregnant with ovarian dysfunction

If a woman does not ovulate, there is no chance of getting pregnant. However, if it occurs irregularly, the chance of pregnancy remains. Usually, in such cases, it occurs immediately after the normal menstrual cycle is restored.

But nowadays the possibilities of medicine have significantly expanded. Now a woman with dysfunction can easily get pregnant, carry and give birth to a healthy child. Only the pregnancy needs to be planned. It will be necessary to undergo a course of treatment and additional stimulation of ovulation. The procedure is long, so you need to be patient. It is also necessary to take into account that there is a possibility that problems may arise during pregnancy and childbirth. Therefore, you should constantly consult with your doctor.

[ 30 ], [ 31 ]

Postpartum ovarian dysfunction

After childbirth, natural ovarian dysfunction may be observed for some time. This is due to changes in hormonal levels, the mother's body's adaptation to lactation, and a hormonal surge during childbirth.

Ovarian dysfunction during lactation

Normally, menstrual function should be restored within a few months after childbirth. But it may not be restored if the mother is breastfeeding. Whether this is normal or treatment is necessary, only a doctor can say, since a conclusion can only be made based on an examination and the results of hormone tests.

Dysfunction may also be indicated by excessively intense menstruation. Normally, the amount of blood released should not exceed 100-150 ml.

Bleeding

Dysfunction of the ovaries is often accompanied by bleeding. They can occur both in the premenstrual period and during menstruation itself. Usually, bleeding can be recognized by the release of scarlet blood, a more liquid consistency than during normal menstruation. Mainly, uterine bleeding occurs. Uterine bleeding can be spoken of when bleeding occurs from the uterus, outside of menstruation. It usually lasts more than 7 days. This process has nothing to do with tumors and inflammations. Usually, it is caused by hormonal disorders, as a result of which the relationship between the cerebral cortex, ovaries, and uterus is disrupted. Such bleeding is often observed during puberty. This is explained by the fact that the connections between these structures are not sufficiently formed.

Much less frequently, bleeding occurs during the reproductive period, and even less frequently during the climacteric period. In most cases, the picture looks like this: menstruation is delayed for a fairly long period. Then comes heavy menstruation, which gradually turns into bleeding.

Psychologists have noted an interesting fact: uterine bleeding is usually observed in girls and women who have strictly defined character traits. So, if a woman is constantly worried, stressed, subjected to excessive self-analysis and self-criticism, she develops a tendency to bleeding. At the physiological level, this is quite easy to explain: such character traits make a woman constantly nervous, tense. They are stress factors that disrupt the immune and endocrine systems.

[ 32 ], [ 33 ], [ 34 ], [ 35 ], [ 36 ]

Forms

Hormonal dysfunction of the ovaries

Hormonal dysfunction means a violation of the menstrual cycle. As the name suggests, the cause is a violation of the hormonal system. The problem can be a separate symptom in a syndrome, disease, or can act as an independent pathology. It can also be a concomitant pathology with other diseases.

Another sign that indicates that the dysfunction is of a hormonal nature is the presence of painful sensations, and their manifestation at least 1 week before the onset of menstruation. Another distinctive feature is that the period of menstruation increases significantly, and bloody discharge appears in between.

[ 37 ], [ 38 ], [ 39 ]

Dysfunction of the ovaries in the reproductive period

In reproductive age, dysfunction is most dangerous, as it entails the inability to become pregnant or bear a child. The reproductive period, as is known, is the main period when a woman's reproductive function should be realized. Dysfunction can occur due to various reasons.

The pathogenesis is based on the disruption of the normal hormone ratio. This leads to disruption of the menstrual cycle and absence of ovulation. Consequently, the inability of the egg to fertilize develops. When planning a pregnancy, treatment and additional stimulation of ovulation are carried out.

In addition to irregular menstruation, intermittent bleeding, abdominal pain, excessive hair growth or hair loss may also occur. Hair may grow in places where hair growth is not typical for women. For example, a beard or moustache may appear. All this may be accompanied by a rash on the face and body.

[ 40 ], [ 41 ], [ 42 ], [ 43 ], [ 44 ], [ 45 ]

Climacteric ovarian dysfunction

This is a dysfunction that occurs during menopause. It is accompanied by intense pain, rapid fatigue. The mood is changeable, apathy is observed. If ovulation is absent, this can contribute to accelerated aging, the development of inflammatory, infectious diseases, tumors.

Anovular ovarian dysfunction

Anovular dysfunction refers to female infertility associated with the absence of ovulation.

Dysfunction is accompanied by irregular ovulation. Sometimes ovulation may not occur at all. If there is no ovulation, we can talk about female infertility. However, this pathology can be treated quite effectively. The treatment is quite long. Strict adherence to all doctor's recommendations is required. You also need to be patient, since the treatment takes a lot, strict control is necessary.

If menstruation is irregular, first of all, it is necessary to stabilize it, to normalize it. In order to get pregnant, it is necessary to stimulate ovulation.

[ 46 ], [ 47 ], [ 48 ]

Unspecified ovarian dysfunction

Involves dysfunction of the ovaries, the etiology (cause) remains unclear.

Dysfunction of the right, left ovary

It is a dysfunction of one of the ovaries. The left ovary is most often affected.

[ 49 ], [ 50 ], [ 51 ]

Hyperandrogenism and ovarian dysfunction

If the hormonal system in the body is disrupted, various failures, pathologies, and the development of diseases can be expected. When the ovaries are disrupted, gynecological diseases most often develop. A disease known as hyperandrogenism is known, in which the activity of the endocrine glands is sharply disrupted. Male hormones (androgens) are produced, while the synthesis of female hormones (estrogens) is minimized. As a result, male facial features dominate. Facial and body hair appears. The voice acquires coarser, masculine features. The figure changes: the hips become significantly lower, the shoulders widen.

The changes affect not only the body, but also the reproductive system. The connection between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries is disrupted. The function of the adrenal glands often changes.

The danger of the disease is that the production of female hormones - estrogens - is completely blocked. As a result, the maturation of follicles is also disrupted. Ovulation is reduced to a minimum and may gradually disappear altogether.

Ovarian dysfunction due to follicular immaturity

Means dysfunction of the ovaries, in which the maturation of follicles is impaired. Ovulation is absent. The main cause of such pathology is dysfunction of the endometrium, disruption of the relationship in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonads system.

Complications and consequences

The most dangerous complication of dysfunction is infertility. Also, if dysfunction is not treated, the risk of developing tumors, including malignant ones, hormonal failures increases. This leads to various diseases, biochemical disorders, obesity, or, conversely, dystrophy. Neuropsychiatric pathologies may develop.

[ 52 ], [ 53 ], [ 54 ], [ 55 ], [ 56 ]

Diagnostics ovarian dysfunction

Dysfunction diagnostics is performed by a gynecologist-endocrinologist. There may be many causes of dysfunction, therefore there are also many diagnostic methods. The gynecologist questions and examines the patient, prescribes tests. Diagnostics are based on laboratory and instrumental studies, which are carried out according to an individual scheme.

Ovarian dysfunction test

A normal pregnancy test for ovarian dysfunction may show a positive result despite the absence of pregnancy. This is a false positive result.

But in some cases, a pregnancy test may show a negative result. Therefore, this method cannot be considered a reliable diagnostic method, and you should immediately consult a doctor.

[ 57 ], [ 58 ], [ 59 ], [ 60 ], [ 61 ]

Tests

The traditional analysis is a microscopic examination of vaginal discharge. This analysis is always taken during a gynecological examination. It allows for the detection of infections, the determination of the predominant microflora, and the detection of tumor cells, if any. The smear also allows for the detection of inflammatory reactions.

If there is a suspicion of a tumor, additional tests are carried out: hysteroscopy, biopsy. During this study, the uterine cavity is scraped, a piece of the endometrium is taken for further histological examination. Biopsy makes it possible to take a miniature piece of the tumor. Then it is sown on special nutrient media. Within a few days, the type of tumor can be determined by the nature and rate of growth: malignant or benign. By the direction of growth, it is possible to determine the probable directions of its growth in the body, the likelihood of occurrence and direction of metastases. This gives accurate results, on the basis of which treatment can be selected.

If hormonal disorders are suspected, a blood test for hormones is taken. Blood, urine, feces, bacteriological cultures, dysbacteriosis testing, and a comprehensive immunogram may also be required. Everything depends on the symptoms of the disease.

[ 62 ], [ 63 ], [ 64 ], [ 65 ]

Instrumental diagnostics

The diagnosis can be made using ultrasound diagnostics (US), X-ray. Most often, an X-ray of the skull is taken. Magnetic resonance or computed tomography, an electroencephalogram of the brain, and other studies may be required.

Ultrasound for ovarian dysfunction

In case of ovarian dysfunction, ultrasound is one of the most informative methods of examination. The ovaries, uterus, abdominal cavity, and liver are examined. This method is one of the first to be prescribed. It is often with its help that the appropriate treatment can be determined.

Differential diagnosis

Dysfunction must be differentiated from a number of diseases: from infectious and inflammatory diseases of the ovaries and other genitals. This can be done with the help of a gynecological examination and a vaginal smear. Next, tumors and oncology must be excluded. For this, a cytological examination of the smear is necessary. For greater accuracy, a biopsy is used.

Then, using ultrasound and tests, ectopic pregnancy and various diseases are excluded.

Treatment ovarian dysfunction

Complex treatment is always used to treat ovarian dysfunction. It follows a protocol, in approximately the same algorithm. First, they work with emergency conditions. If there is bleeding, they stop it first. Then they find and eliminate the cause that caused this condition. And finally, after that, they move on to restoring the hormonal background, normalizing the menstrual cycle.

Treatment is usually done on an outpatient basis, but sometimes hospitalization may be required.

Etiological therapy aimed at eliminating the cause of the disease is considered more effective.

Medicines

In case of dysfunction, various medications are taken. In most cases, they are of hormonal nature, so they should be used strictly under the supervision of a doctor. For taking some medications, constant monitoring with ultrasound may be required.

Taking hormonal medications without supervision is dangerous, as it may cause ovarian hyperstimulation and further hormonal imbalance. Tumors may develop.

Estrogen-containing drugs – estrone. Intramuscularly 1 ml of 0.1% solution for 15 days. Hexestrol - 1 ml (2 mg) daily for two weeks starting from the first week after the onset of menstruation. Antiestrogenic complexes: clomiphene - 50 mg per day, 5 days. Progesterone drugs - progesterone, oxyprogesterone 125-250 mg once after a course of estrogen drugs.

Duphaston

For ovarian dysfunction, it is recommended to take Duphaston 20 mg per day. Take twice a day.

[ 66 ], [ 67 ], [ 68 ], [ 69 ], [ 70 ]

HCG

HCG is human chorionic gonadotropin. Under natural conditions, it stimulates the transition of the menstrual cycle to the luteal phase. If dysfunction occurs, this hormone is not produced sufficiently. For this reason, the follicles do not mature.

If a woman is planning a pregnancy, it is necessary to stimulate the maturation of follicles. This is done by introducing hCG. The period of use of this drug is approximately 3 menstrual cycles.

Utrozhestan

Refers to progesterone preparations. The course dose for one menstrual cycle is 200-300 mg. It is taken in one or two doses during the day.

Dimia

Refers to oral contraceptives. The tablets are taken continuously for 28 days, 1 tablet/day. They help normalize the menstrual cycle. Take under the supervision of a physician.

[ 71 ], [ 72 ]

Taking Postinor for Ovarian Dysfunction

Taking this drug for ovarian dysfunction is not recommended. It contains an increased dosage of hormones and can cause inflammation, increase dysfunction.

[ 73 ], [ 74 ]

Metformin

The drug has been widely used in the USA. It works well for dysfunctions, polycystic disease. In Russia, it is rarely used. It is an oral hypoglycemic agent. The dosage can vary widely and is tied to the blood glucose level.

The dosage of the drug is determined by the doctor individually depending on the blood glucose level. The initial dosage is 500-1000 mg/day (1-2 tablets). After 10-15 days, a further gradual increase in the dosage is possible depending on the blood glucose level. The maintenance dosage of the drug is usually 1500-2000 mg/day (3-4 tablets). The maximum dosage is 3000 mg/day (6 tablets).

Vitamins

In case of dysfunction, it is recommended to use vitamins.

• Vitamin C – 500-100 mg
• Vitamin D – 35045 mg
• Vitamin B – 3-4 mcg.

Physiotherapy treatment

Any physiotherapeutic effect has a positive effect on dysfunction. Ovaries are treated with ultrasound, electrophoresis, electromagnetic therapy. Electrophoresis ensures better absorption of drugs. The procedures make it possible to improve blood circulation in the ovary, normalize the functional state of the body.

Folk remedies

For the treatment of dysfunction, a decoction of rue has long been used. To do this, make a decoction for about a glass, which is then drunk throughout the day. This volume will require an average of 15 g of grass.

If during menstruation or some time before it there is irritability, nervousness, sudden mood swings, depression, then a decoction of peppermint helps well. Mint is good for women, as it contains female hormones. Mint is used in the form of a decoction. It is recommended to brew about 500 ml of the herb in the morning, and drink this entire volume during the day. It is also allowed to use it as an additive to tea. Add to taste.

For painful menstruation, inflammatory processes in the genitals, it is recommended to use a decoction of chamomile. The method of application is similar to that described above. You can drink it as a decoction, or use it as an additive to tea.

Gooseberry juice has a positive effect on the female reproductive system. 30 g per day is enough to maintain the normal condition of the ovaries. You can also eat gooseberries in their pure form. It helps well with various types of bleeding.

[ 75 ], [ 76 ], [ 77 ]

Treatment with honey

Honey has a positive effect on the female body. It contains antioxidants that relieve inflammation, prevent the spread of infection, and normalize hormonal levels. Honey can be used in its pure form, added to herbal decoctions and infusions.

Leeches in the treatment of ovarian dysfunction

Treatment with leeches is one of the oldest methods of treatment and healing of the body. When using leeches, high therapeutic activity is demonstrated in relation to the ovaries, uterine fibroids, and cysts.

The mechanism of action of leeches is as follows: they attach themselves to the skin surface, bite it, and inject anesthesia. Along with the anesthesia, anticoagulants enter the bloodstream - substances that reduce blood clotting. They also improve blood circulation, promote the resorption of tumors, and relieve inflammation. Leeches can eliminate the consequences of abortions and eliminate adhesions on organs.

This type of therapy has virtually no contraindications, except for cases when a person has hemophilia, decreased coagulability. The procedure is also contraindicated if malignant tumors are suspected.

Herbal treatment

For herbal treatment, use the milk of hemp. It is effective in combating uterine bleeding and pain. To use, take no more than 5 g of seeds and dilute in a glass of water. Drink a glass twice a day.

Also effective are the fruits of walnut or forest cedar. Usually used in the form of an infusion. The fruits are poured with vodka or alcohol. Insist for a month, use about a glass daily.

Pumpkin has proven itself well and is used in various forms: fried in porridge, baked. Sometimes it can even be eaten fresh.

Orthilia secunda for ovarian dysfunction

Orthilia secunda is a plant that has long been used in folk medicine. Around 2003, it was officially recognized as a medicine for the treatment of female infertility and gynecological diseases. The above-ground part of the plant is used: leaves, stems, flowers. It is used in various forms, but most often in the form of decoctions or infusions.

[ 78 ], [ 79 ]

Homeopathy

Homeopathic preparations have proven themselves as means for treating various gynecological diseases, disorders, including dysfunction. They have virtually no side effects. However, precautions should still be taken. Firstly, these remedies should be used only after prior consultation with a doctor, and secondly, they should be taken at a strictly set time, which is determined by the phase of the menstrual cycle. Hormonal levels should always be monitored.

• Collection No. 1. For painful menstruation

If menstruation is painful or pain occurs before it begins, it is better to take homeopathic infusions. A decoction of linden, mint and lemon balm leaves relieves pain well. This infusion can be brewed in any quantities and drunk throughout the day. If the pain is minor, the infusion can be used as an additive to tea.

• Collection No. 2. For irregular menstruation

If menstruation is irregular, it is recommended to take chamomile flowers and water pepper grass in approximately equal proportions. The decoction should be calculated for a glass. During the day, you need to drink the entire glass. Use warm.

• Collection No. 3. For scanty menstruation (hypomenorrhea)

Prepare a decoction from 15 g of the mixture, consisting of nettle leaves, stevia leaves. The resulting decoction is filtered, drink about 1.5 - 2 liters per day, instead of water and any other liquid.

• Collection No. 4. For hyperminorrhoea (heavy uterine bleeding)

A decoction of a mixture of shepherd's purse and white mistletoe can be used. Drink no more than 1 glass per day. Better in the evening. 15 g of the mixture is enough for a glass.

Surgical treatment

In addition to medicinal and folk methods, there is also a surgical method. This is an extreme method, which is used only if other methods do not work. The type of intervention required is determined by the type of pathology and the characteristics of the neuroendocrine disorder.

In many cases, there is no need for open abdominal surgery. The laparoscopic method is sufficient. A unique method in gynecology is cauterization. During this operation, pinpoint holes are made on the ovary, this ensures the release of the egg during ovulation. Pregnancy is desirable in the near future after the operation.

Prevention

The main preventive measures are the need to adhere to the work and rest regime. You also need to eat properly and nutritiously. You need to protect yourself from stress and overwork. It is important to promptly treat concomitant diseases and protect yourself from hypothermia.

If there is a tendency to bleeding, additional progesterone therapy is required. It should be taken into account that such therapy is carried out only under the supervision of a doctor and with a preliminary study of hormone levels. Additional hormonal contraception may be required. The intrauterine device is contraindicated in case of any dysfunctions.

[ 80 ], [ 81 ], [ 82 ], [ 83 ]

Forecast

If you start a timely solution, the prognosis can be quite favorable. After the menstrual cycle is restored, a woman can become pregnant and carry a child.

Without the necessary treatment, the situation only worsens. In the most unfavorable prognosis, infertility develops, as well as various tumors and serious diseases.

[ 84 ], [ 85 ], [ 86 ], [ 87 ]