Obsessive-compulsive disorder

The neurosis of compulsive states usually occurs in individuals with a special personality. Everything manifests itself in the form of self-doubt, as well as constant doubts, anxiety and suspiciousness. This condition is typical for people who are suspicious, timid, too conscientious. Isolated obsessions can arise even in healthy people. In this case, we are talking about fear of darkness, height, animals and insects.

ICD-10 code

Obsessive-compulsive disorder in μB 10 is characterized as F40. Anxiety-phobic disorders "," F41. Other anxiety disorders "," F42. Obsessive-compulsive disorder. " The main reasons can be conflict situations between desires and aspirations. Sometimes this is provoked by the needs of the individual and the impossibility of their realization. Moral or other considerations are often a barrier.

During this process, a focus of excitation is formed in the cerebral cortex. Usually this happens after one episode, when a person forgets something important. So, in this case we are talking about the fear of gas not shut off, a closed door, etc. It is enough just to transfer the feeling of fear, so that the focus of excitement is formed.

All varieties of these states are characterized by a sense of fear, fear and phobia. As "things" provoking negative emotions, certain subjects and situations can act. Neurosis usually begins by the mechanism of the conditioned reflex. Over time, phobias can expand. As a result, they put pressure on the social and professional life of a person.

The reasons for the obsessive-compulsive disorder

To serve as the cause of the obsessive-compulsive disorder can be ordinary fatigue. Most often neuroses appear against the background of existing mental disorders. A man is obsessed with obsessive thoughts and ideas. It is beyond his power to fight against this.

There are other reasons for the development of pathology. A special role in this case is given to previous injuries. They can affect a person's condition. Craniocerebral injuries are especially difficult to tolerate. Neurosis can occur against a background of mental disorders. Impact on the problem is capable of brain trauma. A special contribution is made by infectious diseases, which in a certain way influenced the body and led to its intoxication.

Prevent neurosis is not so simple. Modern life requires quick decision making and constant movement. People are often under stress, which is why the nervous system suffers. Taking sedatives and healthy sleep will reduce the risk of neurosis.

Pathogenesis

At the moment it is difficult to say what exactly causes the development of the obsessive-compulsive disorder. Specialists put forward a connection between the orbital-frontal cortex of the brain and the basal ganglia. These brain structures use the neutrotransmitter serotonin for interaction.

It is believed that the problem is caused by an insufficient amount of serotonin produced. More precisely, it is established that these two states have a direct connection. The process of information transfer is regulated by neurons. As for re-acquisition, neurotransmitters partially return to the emitting neuron. This is where the elimination of monoamine oxidase occurs. The level of the synapse is checked.

There is an assumption that the condition is associated with increased backtracking. In connection with this, the impulse simply does not have time to reach the next neuron. Many are in favor of this theory. At the moment, the pathological process is associated with the overactivation of the 5-HT1B receptor. The mechanism of work is associated with dopamine.

Symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder

Mainly everything manifests itself involuntarily. A person begins to visit various doubts, fears, thoughts, memories, drives and movements. The neurosis of compulsive states is characterized by a state of suspicion, anxiety and self-doubt. For example, a person does not know how to act in this or that situation. When leaving the house, gas, water, and light are constantly checked. It is only necessary to move away from the door, as a person returns and again checks everything. With such states he can bring himself to exhaustion.

In addition to suspiciousness and anxiety, a person is constantly in a state of apprehension. He can be excruciatingly afraid of something, especially the performance of some important action. For such a patient, the performance on stage is simply flour. Moreover, people with such a deviation can not even commit sexual intercourse.

Over time, obsessive thoughts begin to appear. The patient tries to remember someone's names, surnames, poems. But usually it does not bring anything good. Obsessive thoughts can oppress. Patients can spend hours arguing on topics that are not their interests, even more - absurd.

Fears are another symptom of the obsessive-compulsive disorder. A person is afraid of getting sick, he is scared in the dark, at a height. Frightens the open space, wide platforms or on the contrary closed premises. All these states are able to go into the stage of action. A person without need considers all the objects that are in his field of vision. In addition, there is a need to perform some kind of intrusive movement. It can be lip licking, wink, hair correction, etc. Finally, there are special ideas. Man very clearly "sees" and "hears" memories, sounds, phrases, which he so tries to forget.

First signs

The main feature of this state is the presence of thinking and behavior, which are intrusive. The patient begins to suffer from the influx of thoughts, images, they do not go away, but they press more and more. Obsession is often accompanied by a strong anxiety and phobia. Such people often have their own rituals. This concerns the implementation of certain actions. They allegedly guard against some kind of disaster or tragedy. For example, that nothing bad happened to the relatives of the patient, he needs to spit every three times through his left shoulder, otherwise troubles can not be avoided.

There are several basic signs of the obsessive-compulsive disorder. The person is pestered by thoughts and images that do not recede. In addition, there is fear, a phobia. There is a repetition of any rituals.

Quite often the neurosis is confused with a state similar to it. The latter are most often associated with brain damage. Diagnosis of the condition will take a long time. Because you need to determine the true cause and put the right diagnosis.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]

Depression with obsessive-compulsive disorder

This state is not so common. The favorites in this matter are neurasthenia and hysteria. The disease is characterized by the presence of obesity. As a rule, everything has a pronounced course. It should be noted that in this case, obsessive formations are a source of decompensation. With the neurosis of obsessive states are presented most clearly. Consciousness does not notice any changes, and there they are strongly pronounced. Patients are able to show increased activity, so as not to notice their own obsessive states.

This pathology, together with depression, is especially dangerous. After all, a person can stop and think about something without stopping. Often the problem is characterized by obsessive memories, thoughts, doubts. A person simply harasses himself, in this way, but nothing can be done about it. The most terrible thing about all this is the fulfillment of rituals. Each person performs a number of specific actions to prevent a certain cataclysm or unhappiness. All this is done in spite of reason.

Superfluous thoughts in the head stop the person, will concentrate really on important things. He does not get enough sleep, the concentration of attention is lost, and excessive fatigue appears. As a rule, mood is sharply reduced, obsessive fears appear. Often the nervous system becomes too nervous. Man performs certain actions, his hands tremble.

[7], [8]

Neurosis of obsessive conditions in children

This pathological process in children manifests itself in the form of obsessive fears, movements, thoughts and tics. So, the child is able to constantly wind the hair on the finger, sucking a finger, strands, moving intensively with the hands, etc. This should be carefully observed.

The main causes of the obsessive-compulsive disorder are found in sudden mental trauma. In this case, an adult is not even able to assess what happened. More precisely, a certain situation may not be so serious, but the child has this moment for a long time printed in memory. Other psychoemotional factors include the appearance of compulsive movements in children. This can be worked out due to the unfavorable situation in the family. That is why children should not swear, quarrel and create conflict situations. For an adult, this is a solution to a normal household problem, and for a child it can become a serious mental trauma. Affect the baby can change in life and schedule. Most often this leads to childhood neuroses. The development of tics and certain movements is not ruled out. The risk group includes children who previously suffered a brain injury, infectious diseases and chronic pathologies of internal organs. These diseases can deplete the central nervous system.

To treat neurosis is necessary under the supervision of a doctor. It is important that the child is constantly observed and followed certain recommendations. The recovery process takes a long time. It is advisable to observe one specialist throughout the treatment period.

Adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder

This condition can occur even in a healthy teenager. Provoke it is capable of weakening the body, as well as the nervous system. There is this against the background of an earlier infectious disease, as well as a traumatic brain injury. The most common problem occurs in adolescents who have a weak nervous system. You can determine this in childhood. The kid is strongly clamped, cowardly, hypocritical. Under the influence of negative events, the situation can gradually develop. To provoke development may be excessive demands on the child, alcoholism in the family, quarrels, disagreement between the parents, etc. After acute trauma, the neurosis of obsessive states manifests itself lightning fast.

The obsession that has arisen in adolescence is characterized by its diversity and somewhat different from this state, but already in a more mature person. There are several types of manifestations of pathology: memories, expectations, doubts, fears, drives, representations, movements and actions. Most often, thoughts, fears are pestering, which, in fact, are ridiculous. They are haunted by compulsive memories, they can not be forgotten. They constantly remind themselves of themselves and do not allow a teenager to exist normally. Appears a painful condition and even painful. All this leads to self-doubt.

Doubts often arise in healthy people. However, after a couple of checks, a person, as a rule, calms down. Afflicted vice versa, exhausts itself to exhaustion. Fears of their manifestation are reminiscent of doubts. The child is very afraid of forgetting something important at the board, disgraced at the performance, etc. He is constantly in anticipation of failure.

[9], [10], [11], [12], [13]

Effects

The main consequence is reduced performance. Man suffers from a decrease in concentration of attention, thinking activity worsens, nothing can be memorized. This causes certain difficulties in the performance of standard work. In order to exclude the possibility of developing such a scenario, it is necessary to have enough time to rest. A healthy sleep and not exhausting labor will not harm the nervous system.

Often, neuroses lead to the appearance of diseases of internal organs. This is due to the existing decompensation of diseases. Neuroses are able to capture not only the nervous system, but also the somatic sphere. This leads to a deterioration in human adaptive states.

Nervous condition and inability to control what is happening lead to problems in the family. There is anxiety, tearfulness, touchiness. All these symptoms are direct companions of neuroses. They lead to the emergence of conflict situations, scandals and misunderstandings.

The appearance of fears, thoughts and memories can worsen the normal life of a person. Therefore, people simply avoid the psychotraumatic situations.

[14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20]

Complications

Complications of neuroses can lead to really serious consequences. So, strong injuries of the psyche, as well as physical development, are not ruled out. This issue is particularly acute among the younger generation. Problems need to start to decide at the initial stage, so that the situation does not get out of control and not deteriorate.

If you start treatment in time, then there can not be any complications in a person. People with a similar diagnosis should be supervised by specialists. Do not try to solve the problem yourself, nothing good will come of it. As soon as the disease recedes, it will be necessary to come to the doctor every year for examination. This will avoid repeated neurosis.

Getting rid of the problem is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance. But, nevertheless, everything must be done in full accordance with the recommendations. A significant role is played by a man's desire to get rid of his condition. In this case, treatment will really show a positive result.

[21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27]

Diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder

A special role in diagnosing pathology is assigned to certain factors. So, first thing is to collect all the data about the patient. We are talking about anamnesis. It is important to know at what stage a person began to appear abnormalities, which could provoke them. It is worth mentioning the information regarding the presence of mental deviations from one of the relatives. A special role is given to circumstances that might precede the onset of the disease. This can be caused by alcoholic excesses, as well as changes in residence or work.

The diagnosis can be made in certain cases. So, if the symptoms are painful for the patient. That is why they are perceived as unacceptable and alien. Attention is drawn to more serious deviations. So, a person can not be in society. Its deviation in this case has a progressive nature and it is quite easy to distinguish it from stress.

A special role in the diagnosis is given to the dynamics of pathological sensations. So, in some cases, they can be amplified, and a person simply does not control the situation. There is a clear dependence of actions on negative emotions. The patient may get worsened either alone or when visiting a doctor, when watching any TV shows that cause excitement.

[28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]

Analyzes

For an accurate diagnosis, the patient must undergo a series of specific studies. The first thing is a general blood test, it allows you to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative blood indicators. It refers to the primary nonspecific diagnosis. Then the general analysis of urine surrenders. Thanks to him, the physical and chemical characteristics of urine are evaluated.

A special role is assigned to the biochemical analysis of blood. It allows to obtain qualitative and quantitative indicators of functional diagnostics of kidney activity. The level of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism is determined, as well as the diagnosis of latent anemia. To hand over it is necessary the analysis of a blood on definition of level of catecholamines. This procedure is carried out three times. This will allow diagnosing and detecting lesions in the adrenal glands.

Often, hormonal studies are prescribed. They will allow to check up activity of endocrine system. There is also a blood test for determining the level of C-peptide, for autoantibodies, markers of hepatitis viruses and viral infection. Urgenital scraping and markers of parasitic infestations are given.

[34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41]

Instrumental diagnostics

To establish an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to conduct a number of specific studies. Electrocardiography is often prescribed. This procedure allows to evaluate the structure and functional activity of all metabolic processes that pass in the cardiac muscle. There is a change in the composition of the human body, as well as basal metabolic rate.

Ultrasound plays an important role in the whole study. It allows you to assess the condition of the thyroid gland, liver, kidneys and bile excretory system. After all, neuroses often occur against the background of the presence of an infectious disease.

Color triplex scanning of extracranial vessels of the head is widely used. This procedure is an ultrasound. Its main goal is to obtain objective information about the peculiarities of blood flow in the arteries and veins. An overview radiography of the thoracic organs in one projection can be prescribed.

Differential diagnostics

Recognize the symptoms of the obsessive state can be due to specific melancholy impulses. True, despite this, an incorrect diagnosis can be made. At the beginning of the schizophrenic process, the appearance of obsession may appear, but this has nothing to do with neurosis. Therefore, doubts arise in diagnostic measures. All this gradually fades with time. It is fundamentally important to learn to distinguish between nonsense and obsession. This will make the correct diagnosis.

Among the main diagnostic measures include the delivery of blood and urine tests. First, an anamnesis is collected, then evidence is given on its basis for further examination. Analyzes will help to identify possible deviations in organs and systems. To diagnose by differential diagnosis alone is silly. It is worth comparing the results with instrumental methods of investigation. Thus, it is possible to get a complete picture of what is happening, to reveal the true causes of the appearance of neurosis and to prescribe a qualitative treatment.

[42], [43], [44], [45], [46]

Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder

Elimination of this problem is carried out in several stages. The first thing is a course of psychotherapy. The basis of the technique is the patient's awareness of the problem and stepwise resistance to its main manifestations. The method of exposure and warning has proved to be the most well-known. So, the exposure consists in placing the patient in a situation that can cause him visible discomfort. At the same time, the victim is given an instruction, which he must follow in a stressful situation. Thus, it is possible to develop in humans a persistent "immunity" to strong mental stresses.

Psychoanalytic psychotherapy allows you to cope with some aspects of the disorder. So, many psychiatrists believe that this technique is useless for eliminating the problem. But if it is used in conjunction with special tools, the result will not be long in coming. Therapy with psychotropic medications is widely used. These include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. For treatment, such drugs as Risperidone and Quetiapine are used. They are among the atypical antipsychotics. In the presence of anxiety, it is recommended to give preference to benzodiazepine tranquilizers. It can be Clonazepam and Phenazepam.

Physiotherapy has a beneficial effect on a person. You can apply warm baths, lasting at least 20 minutes, to do a cool compress on your head, apply rubbing and dousing. Bathing in river and sea water will be useful.

Medications

Medicines are the mainstay of any treatment. In this case, they can reduce obsessive states and lead to the complete stabilization of pathology. Medicines may be prescribed only by the attending physician in a certain dosage. The most commonly used are Risperidone, Quetiapine, Clonazepam and Phenazepam.

• Risperidone. The drug is administered orally, 1 or 2 times a day, all depends on the patient's condition. The dose may be adjusted depending on the desired therapeutic effect. Contraindications: hypersensitivity. Side effects: sleep disturbance, nausea, vomiting, allergic reactions.
• Quetiapine. Dosage is prescribed in accordance with the condition of a person. On the first day, the daily dose is 50 mg, the second - 100 mg, the third - 200 mg, the fourth - 300 mg. Contraindications: hypersensitivity, children's age, lactation period. Side effects: rhinitis, allergic reactions, dizziness, constipation.
• Clonazepam. The drug is prescribed in a dosage of 1.5 mg per day divided into 3 divided doses. Over time, the dose is adjusted depending on the therapeutic effect achieved. Contraindications: hypersensitivity, lactation period, pregnancy. Side effects: impaired coordination of movements, nausea, vomiting, weakness.
• Phenazepam. The drug is used in the form of tablets. It is enough 0,25-0,5 mg per day, distributed on 2-3 reception. Over time, the dosage is adjusted. Contraindications: hypersensitivity, violations of the liver and kidneys, muscle weakness. Side effects: drowsiness, dizziness, muscle weakness.
• Phenibut. This is a remedy for sedatives. It eliminates fear, nervousness, tension, helps normalize sleep. Assign it to different types of neuroses, as well as asthenic conditions. Indications for use: psychopathy, stammering, insomnia, obsessive conditions.

Dosage is appointed by the attending physician. The agent is used for one and a half months for 250-500 mg, 2-3 times a day. The dosage can be adjusted. If necessary, the dose may be increased. Despite the positive feedback and effectiveness, the drug has contraindications. So, it can not be applied in the presence of hypersensitivity to its main components. In this case we are talking about Phenibut. Some restrictions are available in pregnant women, women during lactation. In no case should the drug be administered to children under 2 years of age.

As for side effects, there are many of them. Possible drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, allergic reactions, apathy, excessive fatigue. All this requires a dose adjustment. Do not use this drug with drugs that have a similar effect. This can cause a large concentration of certain substances in the body and lead to increased symptoms.

Alternative treatment

Alternative treatment can help in solving many problems. What is most important, you can use improvised means. So, it's enough to take 100 grams of red wine, one raw egg and half a teaspoon of sugar. All the ingredients are thoroughly mixed together. Take the medication you need 2 times a day, preferably in the morning and in the evening. After that, a break for 3 days, then again everything is used for 2 days. This course of treatment will get rid of the neurosis. In the end, you can just wipe with red wine.

In the case of mental disorders, a bow on an empty stomach has a good effect. Garlic also has a similar effect. It is able to increase the action of the vitamin and form a special substance that promotes the dissolution of fats. These alternative remedies can save a person from unnecessary nervousness.

There is one grandmother's method. It is necessary to take half a kilogram of lemons and 12 nucleoli of apricot. The nucleoli should be finely chopped, and the lemons should be rubbed. The resulting ingredients are mixed together. For taste, you can add honey. This composition is taken throughout the month for a tablespoon in the morning and at night.

[47], [48], [49], [50]

Herbal Treatment

Herbs can have a positive effect on a person. But at the same time you just need to know which plants you can use and which ones you can not use. After all, many of them are poisonous.

• Recipe 1. The following plants should be taken in the proportions of 10: 4: 3: 3: 3: 2: 2: 2: 1: common herb, marsh swine, St. John's wort, hawthorn berries, lilac buds, elecampane root, mullein flowers of Scythian, cones hops, plantain grass. All the ingredients are thoroughly crushed and mixed until smooth. From the collection is taken only 3 tablespoons and poured 500 ml of boiling water. You can consume the drug in the morning, 30 minutes before meals. Before use it needs to be warmed up. The course of treatment is 2 months.
• Recipe 2. Excellent means of valerian. Take it better in a liquid form. You can prepare the tincture yourself. To do this, take the roots of the grass and pour them with boiling water. Such a tool will help get rid of obsessive thoughts and improve the condition.
• Recipe 3. It is based also on valerian. You should prepare the tincture and pour it into a small vial. A cherished remedy should always be worn with you. With a strong nervous strain, you just have to inhale the tincture, first one nostril, then the other. Apply valerian for 2 months.

Homeopathy

Timely removal of neurosis is the key to peace and balance. Constant anxiety, mood swings and insomnia adversely affect a person. Against their background, the standard of living declines, there is a decline in efficiency. You can get out of this situation, even with the help of homeopathy.

Homeopathy is the right way to get rid of compulsive conditions once and for all. Neurosis is one of the most common causes of going to a homeopathic doctor. Drugs, which the specialist writes out, are based on plants. It must be understood that not all people are able to help. After all, a person may have a hypersensitivity to certain components.

The treatment should be approached in a comprehensive manner. Usually it is based on the use of mono drugs. To date, they are in great demand. The use of knowledge, as well as experience, allows homeopathic physicians to prescribe a truly qualitative treatment. You can familiarize yourself with all the drugs used during the consultation. The names of the funds are not listed for security reasons. To apply them simply is not recommended, a clear dosage is necessary.

Operative treatment

In fact, neuroses are not treated with surgical intervention. But, it all depends on the reason for which he was called. If the problem lies in the infection in the body, surgical treatment is not ruled out. Infections are different and in some cases they can affect healthy tissues and organs. It requires not only medical, but also surgical removal of the problem.

In most cases, the operation does not make sense. The patient is simply under the supervision of a psychiatrist and follows all the recommendations he has put forward. This will achieve a positive result in a short time. Operative intervention is possible in the event that the reason lies in the presence of serious changes in the body.

In any case, the decision on conducting surgical or conservative treatment is taken by the leading specialist. This is done after all the diagnostic tests. Only in this way can you identify the true cause of the obsessive-compulsive disorder and begin to eliminate it.

Prevention

Competent preventive methods can exclude the development of mental disorders. First of all, they consist in the implementation of simple rules. It is important to practice daily, giving this procedure only 20 minutes a day. It is useful to exercise while out in the open air.

What is most interesting, the prevention of neuroses lies in the color that surrounds the person. It has been proven that the more aggressive the shades of the room and other elements, the more negative emotions it causes. It is better to give preference to warm and soothing colors. If a person is constantly exposed to the effects of depression, black and blue shades should be excluded. It is desirable that the interior of the apartment was in calm pastel colors. Beige, orange, green and yellow color is suitable.

To calm the person is capable competently picked up music. It is important that it corresponds to the mood of a person. It is advisable to change the style of music after listening to several songs. It has been proven that this has a positive effect on a person.

Proper nutrition also contributes. It is necessary to exclude products caused by nervous overexcitation. It is enough to eat chocolate, in order to suppress a bad mood. Chicken, fish and low-fat beef have similar properties. The invigorating coffee should be eliminated, it can lead to the development of depression.

Forecast

Neuroses have the character of functional diseases, in most cases they flow favorably and end with recovery. However, if there is a pronounced character accentuation, insufficient level of maturity of the person and aggravating trauma, treatment can be difficult. And in some cases it is protracted and does not always lead to a favorable forecast. Neurotic development of personality is possible.

That is why, in case of insufficient maturity, in most cases difficulties in assessing a person's condition are found. Because there is stiffness, as well as a complete inability to create a new vital dominant. If the pathocharacterological symptoms begin to develop, the chances of a full recovery are significantly reduced.

Development of signs in the future occurs with abnormal development of personality. This is influenced by the complication of the relationship between the patient and the psycho-traumatic environment. This includes not only the main traumatic situation, which is gradually exacerbated, but also the body's response to its own condition. This can hinder treatment and rehabilitation. The forecast is favorable, but it will be good to try.

[51], [52]