Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma

Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma is a type of cancerous lesion of the glandular tissue. Consider the types of disease, symptoms, causes, methods of diagnosis and methods of treatment.

There are several types of cancer, depending on the degree of differentiation. The tumor is moderately differentiated, low-grade and highly differentiated. Such a subdivision indicates the degree of malignancy of the tumor cells.

• Highly differentiated cells consist of low-modified cells and have a favorable prognosis.
• Moderately differentiated occupy an intermediate position.
• Low-differentiated are characterized by aggressive current and high invasiveness.

Neoplasm can have different localization, affecting many organs. Most often, the tumor occurs in the straight, thick and sigmoid colon, lungs, uterus, stomach. No one is immune from this disease, both adults and children are afflicted with the disease.

Studying this type of cancer, it is difficult to determine in which tissues it was originally formed. For example, the dark cell tumor has a high growth rate and an unusual structure. The real causes of oncology are very difficult to establish, but identify factors that increase the risk of its development. This unhealthy lifestyle and improper diet, bad habits, stress, environmental problems and, of course, genetic predisposition.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]

The causes of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma

The causes of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma are very diverse. There are many predisposing factors that increase the risk of developing a tumor of one or another organ.

• Oncology of salivary glands - smoking.
• Tumor of the esophagus - injury to the mucous membrane of hot or rough food.
• The stomach is a peptic ulcer and its long course.
• The prostate gland is a violation of the hormonal balance.
• Uterus - pathologies during menopause.

Most often, the cause of the disease is malnutrition and the impact on the body of harmful factors. Do not forget about the hereditary predisposition and the diseases. Causes differ from the location of the tumor. For example, the main cause of oncology of the pancreas is chronic pancreatitis. A lesion of the stomach is most often found in patients with atrophic gastritis, chronic ulcer, Menetria disease or adenomatous polyps. Postponed surgical interventions, frequent eating of smoked products (contain a large number of polycyclic carbohydrates), are also a risk of cancer.

Symptoms of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma

Symptoms of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma depend on the location of the tumor and the stage of its development. The lesions of various organs and systems have characteristic and even similar symptoms. Consider the main manifestations of the disease in the defeat of such organs:

• Pancreas - a sharp decrease in body weight, weight after eating, abdominal pain (upper sections), yellowness of the skin, change in stool.
• Stomach - nausea, vomiting, flatulence, upset of the stool, weight loss, heaviness in the stomach, lack of appetite. If the tumor increases, then there are unpleasant sensations after eating, eating disorders, phlegmon, anemia, peritonitis.
• Intestine - aching pain in the abdomen, general weakness, pain in the act of defecation, blood and mucus in the stool, elevated body temperature, decreased appetite and body weight.
• Nose and pharynx - oncology is similar to hypertrophy of tonsils, therefore requires differential diagnosis. Patients suffer from unpleasant sensations in the throat, pain during swallowing, which are given in the ear. With the growth of the tumor, lymph nodes increase, and speech is disturbed.

Moderately differentiated rectal adenocarcinoma

Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the rectum is most common in men, as well as other lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. Cancer affects the ampulla of the rectum above the sphincter. If it metastasizes, it affects the prostate, bladder, urethra, uterus and vagina. In later stages it spreads to the liver, lungs and bones.

Symptoms:

• Pain (pulling, aching) and difficulty in defecation.
• Mucus after and before bowel movement.
• Impurities of pus and blood in the feces.
• Flatulence.
• Prolonged constipation and diarrhea.
• Lack of appetite.
• Sharp weight loss.
• Sleep disorder.

At first, there is irritation of the intestinal walls, which leads to frequent and false urges - tenesmus. Defecation becomes difficult, swelling does not go away, there are constant pulling pains, since the intestine is not completely emptied.

Diagnosis is difficult, because the early stages of the disease are similar to the symptoms of hemorrhoids. Determine it with the help of finger palpation, coprologic and histological studies. The prognosis depends entirely on early diagnosis, as in the late stages the disease is difficult to treat.

Moderately differentiated uterine adenocarcinoma

Moderately differentiated uterine adenocarcinoma is a tumor from the cells of the endometrium, that is, the inner layer of the organ that extends deep into the tissue. Diagnosis of the disease is difficult, as often the first symptoms appear in the late stages. The woman begins to lose weight, there are atypical offensive discharge and constant pain in the lower abdomen. Patients suffer from aches and pains of the back and legs, severe pain at the time of sexual intercourse. Often, oncology makes itself felt during the menopause, so women over 50 years are most susceptible to this ailment. With progression, the cancer metastasizes to the nearest organs, including bones.

Modified cells with this type of pathology are not many. But their increase (elongation and increase of nuclei) is observed. Treatment depends on the stage of cancer and the patient's age. If the tumor does not metastasize and is concentrated in the uterine cavity, then the patient is removed from the organ and appendages. If the cancer affects the muscle layer, then remove the regional lymph nodes to prevent relapses. When metastatic lesions of other organs, surgical intervention is not performed. In this case, the patient is prescribed a course of radiotherapy in combination with chemotherapy. With relapse, polychemotherapy is performed.

Moderately differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma

Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers. Early stages are difficult to diagnose, because at first the disease proceeds almost without symptoms. Some doctors associate the development of the disease with the presence in the stomach of the patient of a spiral-shaped bacterium (Helicobacter pylori). Cancer can appear against a background of weakened immunity, gastritis, ulcers or due to malnutrition. The main feature of adenocarcinoma is that it metastasizes into neighboring organs and regional lymph nodes even in the early stages.

There are a number of factors that increase the risk of developing the disease. First of all, this is the age of patients from 40-50 years old, alcohol abuse and smoking, hereditary predisposition, nutrition with an abundance of salt and preservatives, poor ecology.

Symptoms:

• Change in taste.
• Sharp weight loss and increased abdominal volume.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Increased weakness.
• Painful sensations in the abdomen and stomach.
• Blood in the stool, flatulence.

Cancerous lesions of the stomach are distinguished by the type of structure of the predominant component. That is, the tumor is high, moderately and poorly differentiated. Moderate type is intermediate. The main treatment is surgical removal of the stomach and lymph nodes. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are used to prevent relapse. If such treatment does not bring positive results, then the patient is prescribed maintenance symptomatic treatment.

The prognosis for recovery depends on the extent of the lesion and the stage. So, if the disease was found in the first stage, then the survival rate is 60-80%. At the last stage, the patients' survival is no more than 5%. Since the disease is usually found in the late stages, the average life of patients under the age of 50 years is up to 10 years, and in older patients - up to 5 years.

Moderately differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma

Moderately differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma often develops against a background of hyperplasia or estrogenic stimulation. The tumor consists of tubular glands lined with pseudostratified or ratified epithelium. Moderate differentiation or a second histopathological degree causes the accumulation of glands of a wavy or forked fork and a decrease in their lumen. Cellular nuclei are irregular in shape and hyperchromic. In rare cases, the tumor contains cells with a lipid-rich cytoplasm.

The prognosis depends on the morphological features of the oncology, that is, the histological degree of the tumor, the depth of the invasion, the spread to the lymph nodes, the cervix, appendages and positive flushing from the peritoneum. If the cancer develops against the background of hyperplasia, then it has a favorable prognosis, since in most cases adenocarcinoma is highly differentiated or of moderate type. As a treatment, surgical removal of the affected organ is indicated. When relapses patients are prescribed hormone therapy and maintenance treatment.

Moderately differentiated sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma

Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon is an intermediate stage between cancer of high and low degree of differentiation. The tumor consists of cells with an altered structure with an average level of pathogenicity. If the differentiation is high, the neoplasm grows slowly and rarely gives metastases. In this case, the cancer is well treatable, has a positive prognosis for recovery and rarely recurs. If the cells are poorly differentiated, it is difficult to determine the starting point of development. In this case, the operation can cause metastasis.

Diagnosis is based on the patient's complaints. The doctor conducts a hardware examination, examination and palpation. Symptoms are blurred and often confused with lesions of the large intestine. For a more detailed study, a sigmoidoscope is used. With the help of this device, it is possible to examine internal organs, recognize dubious neoplasms and take material for biopsy. Another popular method for identifying pathologies is the colonoscopy. With her help, you can conduct an examination of the entire sigmoid colon.

Regardless of the degree and severity of oncology, the main method of treatment is surgical intervention and chemotherapy. Since adenocarcinoma grows slowly, the tumor rarely metastasizes. If the disease is detected in the early stages and there is the possibility of surgical intervention, then this gives a high chance of a complete cure.

Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the large intestine

Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the colon is on the fourth place among oncological lesions of the body. Cancer develops from epithelial tissues and metastases through the lymph, so there is a high chance of recovery only in the early stages. But it is almost impossible to detect a tumor at the beginning of a pathological process.

There are a number of predisposing factors that increase the risk of developing the disease. These include heredity, elderly patients, malnutrition, nervous stress, work in harmful conditions, prolonged constipation, anal sex and papillomavirus infection. The toxic effects of various chemicals and preparations, chronic fistulas, polyps, colitis and other colon lesions, can also cause cancer.

The main difficulty of the treatment is that the cells differentiate only at the last stages, that is, they continue to grow indefinitely for a long time. This significantly complicates the diagnosis and choice of treatment methods. Moderate type of cancer of the colon is difficult to treat, as there is no way to select an effective chemotherapy. It is treated with surgical intervention and spot irradiation. If the disease is found in stages 1-2, then the survival prognosis is good. At 3-4 stages, excision of the affected area and the establishment of colostomy are performed.

Moderately differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma

Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach occurs frequently and in most cases affects the antral and pyloric divisions. Most often, the disease causes long-term use of foods with a high content of nitrites. In the process of cleavage, these substances destroy the mucous membrane, against which the neoplasm is formed. Another important factor of tumor development is the hereditary predisposition and age of patients after 55 years.

Often a neoplasm appears in men who have suffered various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In the initial stages, patients complain of nausea, severe weight loss, stool disorders, flatulence, epigastric pain and the digestive system. The appearance of such symptoms indicates the loss of stomach elasticity and requires urgent medical attention. Secondary symptoms are permanent pain in the abdomen, black stools and vomiting.

Treatment is performed only surgically. Depending on the stage, the volume of the operation can be different. In the early stages of a resection, if the tumor has started distant metastases and hit almost the entire organ, then a palliative operation is performed. The main goal of this treatment is to alleviate the patient's condition and provide food. To prevent metastasis, a course of radiation therapy and chemotherapy is conducted.

Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostate

Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland is a malignant neoplasm that affects the tissues of the organ and metastasizes throughout the body. In most cases, the tumor appears in the peripheral zone, but in 15% of cases affects the central and transitional regions. There is a risk group for the development of the disease, it includes men over 60 years and people with hereditary predisposition. But poor nutrition, age-related hormonal changes, the presence of the XMRV virus and nutritional imbalances can also trigger tumor growth.

For diagnosis, digital rectal and transrectal examinations of the prostate gland are used. Obligatory is the definition of prostate-specific antigen, biopsy, magnetic resonance imaging and osteoscintigraphy. Timely detection of the tumor allows for a radical therapy to prevent relapse and metastasis. The choice of method of treatment depends on the stage and location of the tumor, the age of the patient and the presence of concomitant diseases. For these purposes I use hormonal therapy, surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy.

Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung

Moderately differentiated lung adenocarcinoma is one of the most common non-small cell cancers. This type of tumor accounts for about 40% of cases of lung damage. Neoplasm is formed from goblet large bronchi and proceeds almost asymptomatically. The first sign of ailment is abundant sputum.

Diagnose the disease using an X-ray. In 65% of patients, a peripheral round shadow is revealed, which indicates the presence of a neoplasm. As a rule, the tumor is located centrally, in rare cases, the pathological process sprouts into the pleural cavity and chest wall. The patient needs to take blood tests, sputum analysis, and also undergo a lung biopsy and bronchoscopy. These methods will help to establish the degree of damage and the stage of cancer. Based on the findings, the doctor makes a treatment plan.

If the disease is detected at an early stage, then radiosurgery (cyberknife) or surgical intervention is used for treatment. As an operation, wedge resection, pneumonectomy or lobectomy is indicated. If surgery is not possible, radiation therapy and chemotherapy are used to suppress the growth of malignant cells. With this disease, the forecast is unfavorable, less than 10% of patients survive for 10 years after diagnosis.

Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the colon

Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the colon is very rare. This disease accounts for about 6% of all cases of the disease. The risk group includes men aged 50-60 years. In this case ulcerative colitis, adenoma or diffuse polyposis are considered as pre-tumor states. Symptomatic and clinical picture in the early stages of blurred. Only with a thorough examination can identify changes in well-being and disability. This type of oncology does not cause a sharp loss of weight, but on the contrary, patients can recover.

Symptoms:

• Severe rumbling of the intestine.
• Frequent cramping pain in the abdomen.
• Alternation of constipation and diarrhea.
• Uneven bloating due to narrowing of the lumen of the colon with the growth of the tumor.
• Intestinal obstruction and severe bleeding.
• Inflammatory complications in the form of an abscess, peritonitis, or phlegmon.

In the diagnosis use external examination and collection of anamnesis. But on examination, it is not always possible to identify signs of cancer. Only if the tumor reaches large sizes in very thin patients, it can be palpated through the peritoneal wall. Of particular importance is the X-ray study. For these purposes, the patient is injected into the body with a contrast solution of barium. In some cases, the mucosal relief is examined against the background of air in its lumen. Patients should be given a stool test to detect blood and carcinoembryonic antigens. To exclude the presence of metastases, ultrasound tomography of the liver is performed.

Treatment involves a complex of chemotherapy and radical surgical removal. There are several options for surgery. Based on tests, the patient's condition and the stage of the tumor, the best option is chosen. Relapses are very rare, and if they occur, it is due to an incorrectly performed operation. Oncology gives metastases along the lymphatic pathways, hitting a group of nodes along the abdominal aorta. The prognosis directly depends on the stage of the cancer, if there are no metastases, then the prognosis is favorable.

Moderately differentiated cecal adenocarcinoma

Moderately differentiated cecal adenocarcinoma is considered the most common tumor lesion of the intestine. The risk group includes people 50-60 years old, but in rare cases, cancer appears at a young age. There are a number of precancerous lesions of the caecum: proctosigmoiditis, chronic proctitis, villous and adenomatous polyps. In this case, polyps have the highest risk of transformation into a malignant neoplasm.

Cancer can arise from inadequate nutrition, when the diet is not enough food of vegetable content, and predominant carbohydrate and fat-rich food. Stress, chronic constipation, hereditary predisposition and harmful working conditions, also refer to factors that cause disease. In some cases, a combination of several factors is possible.

Symptoms:

• Systematic aching pain.
• Poor appetite and a sharp weight loss.
• Increased fever and weakness.
• Mucus, blood and pus in stool.
• Alternation of diarrhea and constipation.
• Flatulence and pain during defecation.
• Blanching of the skin.

The main method of treatment is surgical intervention. As a rule, laparoscopy is used, which allows to remove the tumor without opening the cavity. To protect healthy tissues, point injection of chemical preparations and targeted radiation therapy are used. The prognosis directly depends on at what stage the disease was discovered and how the treatment was treated.

Moderate type of adenocarcinoma in its course is a complex disease that can lead to serious consequences. The proliferating malignant cells can close the lumen in the gut and cause intestinal obstruction. If the tumor reaches a large size, it can break through the wall of the intestine and cause bleeding. In later stages, cancer affects nearby organs, forms fistulas and worsens the prognosis for recovery and life.

Moderately differentiated pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the pancreas occurs in 90% of cancers of the organ. The disease is widespread among men 50-60 years old and is characterized by high mortality. The success of recovery depends entirely on early diagnosis.

The disease can be formed against the background of diabetes, smoking, prolonged exposure to the body of chemical carcinogens. Hereditary predisposition, various genetic mutations, diseases of the bile duct system, chronic pancreatitis, consumption of coffee and food with a high content of animal fats, increase the risk of developing the disease.

Symptoms:

• Painful sensations in the epigastric region, irradiating in the back.
• A sharp decrease in body weight.
• Jaundice of the skin and mucous membranes.
• Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.
• General weakness and fever.
• Definition of neoplasm in the abdominal cavity upon palpation.

For diagnosis, use ultrasound, computer tomography, biopsy, various blood tests, angiography, as well as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. For treatment, the patient undergoes radical surgical intervention, as well as a complex of radiation irradiation and chemotherapy.

Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with ulceration

Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with ulceration most often affects the stomach, esophagus and rectum. Such pathologies are rightly considered complications of malignant neoplasm. Many precancerous diseases contribute to their appearance. Treatment is complicated, since several operations of chemotherapy or radiation exposure are required before surgery.

If ulceration affects the rectum, then as a therapy use an abdominal resection. The operation is considered sphincter-preserving, since only the affected area is removed, and the remaining intestine is connected by a hardware anastomosis. In any case, the treatment of oncology is a long and pathetic process. The prognosis depends on the timely diagnosis, the chosen treatment method and the patient's age.

Diagnosis of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma

Diagnosis of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma is an important stage on the effectiveness of which depends on further treatment and prognosis for recovery. For early detection of a tumor, methods such as:

• Endoscopic methods are a colonoscopy, a gastroscopy, a bronchoscopy. With their help, it is possible to identify a tumor that is in the lumen of the organ. With their help they examine the stomach, large intestine, bladder, bronchopulmonary system.
• X-ray examination - reveals various neoplasms, often applied with contrast substance.
• Ultrasound research is an informative method in the detection and study of various kinds of neoplasms of internal organs. Used to detect tumors of soft tissues, the abdominal cavity and pelvic organs.
• Biopsy - is used to determine the type of tumor and the degree of differentiation of its cells. Allows you to confirm the malignancy of the tumor. For the study, samples of the tumor are taken. For this purpose, apply percutaneous biopsy, laparoscopy (minimally invasive surgery) or intraoperative biopsy.
• Laboratory diagnostic methods - reveal signs of inflammatory process, latent bleeding, metastasis and other pathologies caused by developing neoplasm.

[11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]

Treatment of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma

Treatment of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma directly depends on its timely detection. As a rule, at an early stage, the pathology proceeds asymptomatically. But at occurrence of the first signs it is necessary to address for medical aid and to pass careful inspection. In most cases, it is possible to identify the disease with medical examinations and planned surveys.

Treatment depends on the stage of cancer, age and condition of the patient. In some cases, surgical intervention is sufficient for a complete recovery. But most often they use a full medical complex, that is, chemotherapeutic treatment and surgical intervention.

Prevention of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma

Prevention of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma requires regular medical examinations for the timely detection of pathology. Of course, it is impossible to prevent cancer, but it is possible to significantly reduce the risks of its appearance.

Prevention is the maintenance of a healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition. Since most often unhealthy diets cause damage to the digestive system. Regular physical activity and a minimum of stress help prevent not only malignant tumors, but also contribute to strengthening the body. Do not forget about the treatment of chronic ailments, as they can be transformed into cancerous lesions. If there is a hereditary predisposition to certain pathologies, then it is necessary to regularly undergo preventive examinations.

Prognosis of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma

The prognosis of a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma is completely based on information about the stage at which the cancer was detected. With timely early diagnosis it is possible to carry out radical treatment, preventing relapses and metastasis. But if the tumor is found in the last stages, the prognosis worsens. As, most likely the neoplasm gave metastases to regional lymph nodes and nearby organs.

To estimate the prognosis, a five-year survival of patients is used. Since this type of cancer is an intermediate among such pathologies, the chances for successful recovery depend on the individual characteristics of the patient's body and the selected treatment.

Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma is a malignant disease. Early symptomatology and timely research for the presence of pathologies, significantly improve the prognosis of the disease and enable to preserve the full functioning of the body.