Lumbar kyphosis

Normally, such a phenomenon as lumbar kyphosis is not observed. This is a pathology of the lumbar spine, in which the bend of the spine is directed not back, but forward. 

In foreign literature, this disease is referred to as lumbar degenerative kyphosis (LDK), which is a subgroup of flat back syndrome. Lumbar degenerative kyphosis can be considered as a subgroup of PDSI ("primary degenerative sagittal imbalance") associated with occupation in agriculture. Lumbar degenerative kyphosis, a sagittal plane disease, was first described by Takemitsu et al. [1]

Normally, lordosis should be in the lumbar region. It is formed during infancy, and arose in connection with upright posture. Lordosis is designed to reduce the load on the spine, act as a shock absorber, reduce vibrations and vibration, and protect the spinal cord.

Epidemiology

According to statistics, lumbar kyphosis, as a full-fledged diagnosis, is made about 8-10% of the world's population. It has a prevalence of 20% to 40% and is more common in the geriatric population. [2] At the same time, in about 3% it is expressed quite strongly, and entails numerous concomitant pathologies of the spinal column and nearby organs. In about 4-5% of people, kyphosis is moderate, does not cause significant discomfort, only sometimes complicates walking, complicates movement, and forms painful sensations. In the remaining 1-3% of people, kyphosis is weakly expressed. It is practically invisible to the naked eye and on palpation, however, it is well visualized using an x-ray. The remaining people, about 25% of the world's population, are not diagnosed with kyphosis, however, in some cases, the formation of a slight bend of kyphotic nature is possible.

Causes of the lumbar kyphosis

A decrease in lumbar lordosis and an increase in thoracic kyphosis are hallmarks of an aging human spine. [3] Loss of lordosis causes an irregular weight distribution to the spine. As a result, the energy expenditure necessary to maintain an upright position is increased, and pain in the back is intensified. 

The main reason for the development of kyphosis of the lumbar is that a person is in the wrong position for a long time. Also, the cause may be the child's incorrect position during sleep, rest even in infancy. The cause may be excessive or insufficient load on the lumbar, earlier the start of walking. The child should normally begin to walk no earlier than 7 months, otherwise various spinal deformities may form. In infancy, the spine is extremely mobile, extremely flexible, can take any shape and shape, represented mainly by cartilage. Therefore, it is important to use orthopedic mattresses and pillows from early childhood.

Also, the cause may be an incorrect position at the school desk, improper weight distribution in physical education lessons, when doing household and household chores. In adulthood, kyphosis usually develops against the background of certain diseases of the spine and bones, for example, with osteoporosis, when the bones become soft and brittle, they are easily deformed. The cause may be hyperkinesia of the spine (excessive mobility), as well as a lack of certain substances, for example, mineral components, calcium salts, phosphorus, which leads to excessive bone flexibility, a tendency to deformations and displacements.

The cause may be injury. Therefore, it is important first of all to make sure that in the near future you did not receive any injury in the back or lower back. Sometimes the cause of the development of kyphosis of the lumbar region is the formation of a scar after an injury, the formation of a growth, the deposition of salts in the lumbar region. Kyphosis can be a growth on the spine (tumor), or can be formed as a result of infringement of a nerve, muscle, or the formation of an extensive hematoma.

If injury is ruled out, an inflammatory process, or a pinched nerve, can be assumed. In a pinched nerve, metabolic processes and trophism are disrupted, which leads to inflammation and pain, leads to the development of edema, hematomas, which gradually transform into kyphosis, especially if they become chronic or recurrent. Kyphosis can also occur as a result of the displacement of one or more vertebrae.

Cases of congenital kyphosis of the lumbar spine are described. [4]

Risk factors

The main risk factors are increased flexibility, elasticity and mobility of the bones and the spine itself. Therefore, at risk are, first of all, people with genetic abnormalities and acquired pathologies associated with increased flexibility and mobility of the spine, patients with hyperkinesia. Risk factors include all congenital and acquired diseases of the musculoskeletal system in humans, primarily diseases of the spine, paravertebral muscles, radiculitis, various injuries of the vertebrae and intervertebral space, hernia, osteoporosis, arthritis, osteoarthritis. All people with chronic and recurring diseases of the spine, lower back, back history, are at risk.

People with such professions that require increased flexibility and mobility, for example, balancers, circus actors, dancers, gymnasts, are also at risk. In connection with loads and special exercises, they undergo an intensive transformation of the spine.

The risk group includes patients who underwent various operations and invasive interventions in the lumbar region. In addition, the risk group includes people who, due to their profession or other circumstances, are forced to stay in the same position for a long time (welders, factory workers, accountants). Also at risk are people who are often in unnatural situations (stuntmen, balancers, rescuers, emergency workers, firefighters, women farmers). Also at risk are people who often get cold, stay in drafts, open winds, spend a lot of time in damp rooms, on the street.

Pregnancy is considered one of the risk factors, since at this time the load on the spine, lower back increases sharply, an unnatural bending of the spine occurs, often forward. The risk of raising the child during the first year of life, in particular, his incorrect physical development, can also be considered a risk factor. Kyphosis can form if the child is sleeping in the wrong and uncomfortable position, if the orthopedic mattress is not used, if the child is not given massage and active-passive gymnastics. Also at risk are children who began to walk and stand early.

Pathogenesis

In patients with lumbar kyphosis, extensive degenerative changes in the lower lumbosacral discs and facet joints from levels L2 to S1 are usually observed, as well as atrophy and fatty changes in the muscles of the lumbar extensors. [5] LDK has been the subject of numerous publications in Korea and Japan; however, significant progress in understanding the pathogenesis of this disease has been limited. [6]

Pathogenesis is quite simple: kyphosis is an abnormal excessive, pathological bend of the spine in the lumbar region, in which the bend is directed in the opposite direction, back. Kyphosis is an abnormal bending, deformation of the spinal column itself, which is clearly palpated during palpation and visualized on an x-ray. Changes in the lumbar, as a rule, entail multiple concomitant disorders, for example, pressure on the surrounding muscles, their displacement, clamps. An improper position also negatively affects the health status of not only the musculoskeletal system, but also of the whole organism. Normally, each person has lumbar lordosis, but not kyphosis. We are talking about the natural physiological bends of the spinal column. They maintain the optimal position of the spine when walking. If there is no bend, or it is formed incorrectly, directed in the opposite direction, spinal disorders and diseases occur. The spine experiences an increased load, the vertebrae are erased, protrusion, pinching develops. Following diseases of the spine, other diseases arise. For example, kyphosis of the lumbar involves a violation of the muscular skeleton. Gradually, the whole figure is distorted, in particular, the condition of the muscles of the back, pelvic region is disturbed. This entails deformation of the adjacent parts of the spine: the thoracic region, the sacral region. Pelvic area, hips, buttocks undergo numerous changes. All this affects the state of adjacent organs: spleen, liver, kidneys, gall bladder, gastrointestinal tract, urinary and reproductive systems.

Blood circulation is also disturbed, in particular, one of the main veins, the vena cava, can be pinched. Accordingly, the entire system of hemostasis is disrupted: less oxygen enters the blood, less is transported to the internal organs, hypoxia or hypercapnia develops. Noteworthy is the violation of the blood supply to the reproductive organs, which entails various problems of an intimate nature, sexual weakness and infertility. Pinching of the nerve, intervertebral disc, and spine nerve root in the lumbar region is often observed; this disturbs blood circulation even more. The risk of blood clots, the development of vascular disorders, hypertension, and renal failure increases sharply. With any pathology of the spine, including kyphosis, there is a risk for the spinal cord, which is located in the canal of the spinal column.

Symptoms of the lumbar kyphosis

By kyphosis is understood the bending of the spinal column in the wrong (reverse position), or a tendency to its development, impaired posture. Some experts refer to kyphosis in the lumbar region as any violation of lordosis (its flattening, alignment, reverse development in the opposite direction). Normally, in the lumbar region there should be lordosis, which performs a number of important functions, and is necessary to maintain the normal functioning of the spine, to ensure movements, to maintain the lower back in an upright position.

In the anomalous case, the following symptoms appear: the lower back bends strongly back, the abdomen changes greatly (it goes as if backward, becomes sunken). The normal position of not only the lumbar, but also other vertebrae is disturbed. In addition, quite often the entire spine is deformed, subjected to curvature. Pain and impaired movement, coordination are not always a symptom of pathology, since the pain threshold and individual sensitivity are different for each person. So, in some cases, pain occurs, and are quite long and intense. In other cases, on the contrary, a person does not feel either pain or any discomfort. Sometimes there is a sensation of pain during movements and turns of the lower back, stiffness, decreased sensitivity, or vice versa, hypersensitivity.

The first signs indicating the development of kyphosis are the appearance of an abnormal bend, which develops in the opposite direction, that is, not forward, but vice versa, backward. Normally, a slight bend of the spine appears in the lumbar region, directed forward. In addition to abnormal bending, abdominal displacement often occurs: it flattenes, or vice versa, flows into, becomes as if drawn into. Sometimes there are pain, discomfort during movements, stiffness of movements.

Kyphosis of the lumbar region in a child

In children, lumbar lordosis should normally form. So, it is formed when they begin to stand and walk. It helps to keep the body upright. Prior to this, the spine in children is flat, because it does not experience stress. Nevertheless, it is necessary to ensure that lordosis is formed correctly, and there are no pathologies in the physical development of the spine. At this time, the spine is mobile and flexible, therefore, any increased load on it, a long stay in the wrong position, leads to the pathological development of the spine. For example, if the position in the crib is not correct, the child develops kyphosis of the lumbar. It is a bend of the spine in the wrong direction (not forward, but backward).

It should be borne in mind that in early childhood, the spine can be easily transformed, so it is easy to form irregular bends. However, it is at this age that they are also easily amenable to correction, therefore, should not be delayed with diagnosis and treatment. When the first signs appear, and even suspicions of the development of kyphosis, you must consult a doctor. In addition, children of the first year of life, early preschool age, are regularly examined by specialists, including an orthopedist, a surgeon. This is the basis for the timely detection of pathologies, it is in no case worth neglecting preventive examinations. If the first signs of pathology are identified, treatment should be started as soon as possible. In the early stages, it is most effective, and often does not require special costs. In the early stages of correction, a special passive gymnastics, massage, and babies swimming are prescribed.

In older children, from 3 to 12 years, treatment requires more time and more effort. At this time, apply more intense physical activity, apply adaptive sports.

It is more difficult to correct the spine for children over 12 years old, since their spine is already less flexible and variable. Nevertheless, correction at this age is very effective, and allows you to completely restore the normal structure of the spine. Treatment of lordosis at any stage requires mandatory physical activity. It is necessary to conduct regular training aimed at training the spine, working out the muscles and vertebrae of the lumbar spine. Complex, combined treatment is often prescribed. Especially effective exercises in combination with massage, swimming. Apply aids. In children, lumbar kyphosis is easily corrected by the situation: they use special orthopedic pillows, mattresses for sleep and rest.

Lumbar kyphosis in infants

The development of lumbar kyphosis in infants is an unfavorable pathological phenomenon, however, if the necessary measures are taken in a timely manner, it can be easily corrected. First of all, you need to purchase a special orthopedic mattress for the child, and always use it: during sleep, on a walk. As soon as possible you need to consult with an orthopedist and surgeon, they will select the appropriate treatment. All recommendations should be followed strictly.

First of all, the child is prescribed a special massage. It is characterized by gentle gentle movements, focused on the study of the lower back and spine, massaging the paravertebral muscles located along the spine. The entire back, and the pelvic area, buttocks are also massaged. First, light strokes are performed in the area of kyphosis, then circular squeezing movements are applied, in which the spine is given the correct position gently and easily, but persistently, and it is fixed in this position by working out the surrounding muscles. Then the intense kyphosis zone is rubbed, which allows you to activate it, improve blood circulation and trophism. After that, kneading (light, soft movements), vibration are performed. It is useful to connect active-passive movements, stretching the vertebra (in no case should you do such procedures yourself). Such procedures can only be performed by a doctor who has the appropriate qualifications and permission to work with children. This is due to the fact that the spine in a child is very delicate and fragile, and is represented by cartilage, so it is easy to damage it with the slightest wrong movement.

After the massage, active-passive gymnastics is shown. After this, the child is given time to relax (about 15-20 minutes), and electrophoresis, or other physiotherapeutic procedures prescribed by the doctor, are performed. Infant swimming, baby yoga, fitball gymnastics have a positive effect. Children's fitballs make it easy to correct spinal deformities, relax tense areas, tone down weakened zones, since fitball allows you to give your child the right position, takes on body shapes, corrects position and movements, and helps balance and coordinate training.

Stages

There are various options for the formation of lumbar kyphosis. As a rule, in infants and children of the first year of life, it forms immediately, in one stage. Just bending the spine develops, not in the right direction, but in the opposite. If normally in the lumbar region the spine should bend forward, then in children a backward deflection is formed.

In adults, lumbar kyphosis in most cases develops in several stages. At the first stage, in due time, even in infancy, a small curved arc is formed from an even spinal column forward, lordosis is formed. Normally, this completes the stage of bend formation. If we consider a pathological case in which kyphosis begins to form, two more stages appear. In the second stage, the bend can sharply begin to straighten, up to the formation of a flat back (regression of lumbar lordosis). In this case, lordosis completely disappears. Then comes the third stage, in which the bend continues to develop, already in the opposite direction, forward. It develops to the extent that a bend similar to the norm is formed, only in the opposite direction.

Types of “lumbar degenerative kyphosis” according to Takemitsu et al. 

A type	Lumbar spine	Thoracic spine
one	Little lumbar lordosis	Marked loss of breast kyphosis
2	Mild lumbar kyphosis	Mild lordosis in the thoracic region
3	An increase in lumbar kyphosis	Varying degrees of breast lordosis
4	Lumbar kyphosis	Enlarged Thoracic Kyphosis

Forms

Normally, lumbar kyphosis does not exist. A person develops breast kyphosis - the only type of kyphosis. In the region of the lower back and neck, lordoses should form, so if we are talking about lumbar kyphosis, we automatically mean that a pathological variant is forming.

Speaking of pathological kyphosis, kyphoses of mild, moderate and severe pathologies are distinguished. Severe lumbar kyphosis is quite pronounced, and entails numerous concomitant pathologies of the spinal column and nearby organs. As a rule, it makes walking difficult and causes pain. As complications, hernias and protrusions of the vertebrae, pinching of the nerves and even the spinal cord develop, blood circulation is sharply disturbed. If kyphosis is moderate, it does not cause significant discomfort, only sometimes it complicates walking, complicates movement, and forms painful sensations. A person cannot walk long distances on foot, cannot stay in one position for a long time, and cannot lift weights. If kyphosis is weak, it is almost invisible to the naked eye and on palpation, however, it is well visualized using an x-ray.

Depending on whether there is a concomitant pathology and complications, complicated or uncomplicated kyphosis is distinguished. Depending on the presence or absence of pain, painless kyphoses are secreted.

Depending on age, children, adults and senile kyphoses are distinguished, which are formed respectively at different stages of a person's life.

Thoracic and lumbar kyphosis

Normally, there is kyphosis of the thoracic region. For the lumbar region, kyphosis is a pathology, since lumbar lordosis should normally be formed. Nevertheless, such a phenomenon occurs, and is quite amenable to correction. The main thing is to choose the right means and methods of corrective action, as well as to develop a comprehensive program that will help maintain the normal condition of the spine and prevent complications. In this case, it is necessary to develop and maintain kyphosis in the sternum, which is the norm and eliminate kyphosis in the lumbar region. Therefore, the program should be focused on the spine as a whole, and take into account the specifics of each of its departments. In this case, the best option is the selection of special physical exercises aimed at the spine, as well as the performance of segmental-reflex massage, which will fix the result, work out the spine. It can be alternated with vertebral massage aimed at working out directly the spinal column, vertebrae. Additional tools and methods for correction of the spine are also used, for example, bandage, corsets, taping. Can be used swimming, which positively affects the spine, back.

Sacral kyphosis

The sacrum is a special section of the spine. It is formed by individual vertebrae, which are firmly fused together. A falcon joins the sacrum. The vertebrae form a fixed base, which is the basis for strengthening the pelvis and femurs, and also fixes the spine in its lower section. There are the main nerve and blood vessels that form numerous plexuses.

A separate diagnosis of sacral kyphosis does not exist. However, sometimes in the literature you can find such a concept. In this case, it is more about an abnormal, excessive bending of the sacral spine back. Sacral kyphosis (SK) is defined as the angle between the line connecting the midpoint of the upper and lower boundaries of S1, and the line connecting the lower boundaries of S2 and S4. [7]Sacral kyphosis is a fixed anatomical parameter and a reflection of the morphology of the pelvis.

If this condition does not cause discomfort, you can do nothing. Usually morning exercises, training 1-2 times a week is enough to maintain the normal functioning of this spine. If there is pain, discomfort, movement is difficult, consultation with an orthopedist, surgeon or vertebrologist is required. In the early stages of the development of pathology, as a rule, a sufficiently comprehensive program, which will include physical exercises, massage, is enough. In more severe cases, the use of additional funds is required, for example, special physiotherapy, manual exposure. [8]

Complications and consequences

Any malformed bend in the spine, lower back, whether pathological lordosis, flat back, or kyphosis, can have adverse consequences and complications. So, lumbar kyphosis significantly increases the load on the spine. In this form, it cannot act as a shock-absorbing factor, but rather, it aggravates movements, as a result of which various diseases of the spine develop. First of all, its mechanical deformation, displacement of the vertebrae occurs, the function of the spinal cord, spinal roots is disrupted. Violations in the lumbar can lead to circulatory disorders, innervation of the corresponding departments. First of all, the reproductive and urinary system, kidneys, spleen, and gastrointestinal tract suffer. The organs do not receive the proper oxygen level, metabolites are not excreted. As a result, hypoxia develops, trophic processes are disrupted, and sometimes autointoxication with its own metabolites develops.

It should also be borne in mind that kyphotization of lordosis in the lumbar region can lead to pressure and mechanical effects on the organs of the abdominal cavity and small pelvis. The function of the thyroid gland, vocal cords, salivary glands, ovaries in women, and the prostate gland in men is impaired. As a result, there is a violation of the structural and functional characteristics of the glands, which entails a violation of the hormonal background as a whole, the development of a number of endocrine pathologies, gynecological and urological diseases, up to infertility, pathologies of pregnancy.

Diagnostics of the lumbar kyphosis

In order to diagnose lumbar kyphosis, a consultation with an orthopedist or surgeon is needed. These specialists will conduct a general examination, palpation of the back and lower back, palpate the spine for deformations, pain, neoplasms, displacement of the vertebrae, clamps. To clarify the clinical picture and determine the stage of pathology, limited ability, a person can perform some exercises, which evaluate the necessary parameters. As a rule, such exercises are called functional tests. They have certain reference values, norm indicators. They judge the state of lordosis or kyphosis, the spine as a whole. Sometimes additional diagnostics are used using special equipment, for example, X-ray, tomography (CT, MRI), ultrasound. If additional specialist advice is required, the doctor will give a referral. [9]

How to determine kyphosis?

Often patients ask the question: "How to determine kyphosis?" Determining it is quite simple, since it is a bend of the spine, which is visible to the naked eye. On palpation of the lower back, you can feel an unnatural bend, which is directed not forward, as it should be normal, but backward. The bend is similar to the one located in the sternum, the spine as if bends in the opposite direction, and looks extremely unnatural. The easiest way to determine kyphosis is to stand flat, to press your back against a flat wall. Normally, a hand should pass between the wall and the lower back. There should be a bend forward. But with kyphosis, as a rule, a person can’t even stand straight and lean against the wall. This is due to the fact that in the lumbar region the spine bends in the opposite direction, in contact with the wall.

Instrumental diagnostics

The main method of diagnosis in the diagnosis of lumbar kyphosis is precisely instrumental diagnostics. The most common and commonly used methods are X-ray examination, computed, magnetic resonance imaging. The high frequency of their use is due to the fact that these methods allow you to visualize the picture of the pathology, examine both the spine as a whole and its individual sections. In addition, when using CT and MRI, it is possible to study adjacent tissues in detail, to evaluate the nature of changes in them. It is also possible to assess whether there is damage to surrounding tissues, whether there is an inflammatory process, whether there is a pinching of nerves, blood vessels, and spinal cord. CT and MRI are the most informative methods, but the frequency of their use is often limited, as these are expensive methods, and they also have certain contraindications.

Therefore, the main diagnostic method for lumbar kyphosis remains an X-ray examination (X-ray). It gives an x-ray contrast image of the desired area. The method allows you to obtain detailed information, the exact characteristics of the lumbar region, kyphosis itself. It is possible to carry out an X-ray examination, with the help of which an image can be obtained either of the spine as a whole, or only of its individual fragment. Most often, according to the radiograph, the deviation angle, sizes of kyphosis, its features and exact localization are estimated. [10]

 

Differential diagnosis

Perhaps the main stage in the diagnosis of diseases of the spine is differential diagnosis. This is a very important stage, which allows you to accurately determine the disease, the cause of its occurrence. It is on how accurately the diagnosis is made that determines the tactics of the selected treatment and its effectiveness. Differential diagnosis is the differentiation of various types of pathology. Often, diseases that are completely different in etiology and pathogenesis have the same symptoms and clinical picture. At the same time, different treatment is prescribed, so it is important to clearly distinguish between them.

In the differential diagnosis of lumbar kyphosis, mainly instrumental research methods are used, the main of which is x-ray.

Osteochondrosis

Often, the same external manifestations have diseases such as osteochondrosis and lumbar kyphosis. Therefore, in most cases, it is they who require a differential diagnosis. The main method that allows you to accurately differentiate this diagnosis is x-ray. CT and MRI can also be used, less often - ultrasound of the lumbar. Outwardly, osteochondrosis and kyphosis in the lumbar region can be very similar, but with in-depth diagnosis, a fundamental difference is found, which lies at the basis of the differential diagnosis. So, when analyzing an x-ray, or the results of a tomography, you can notice that deposits are formed on the spine with osteochondrosis. Whereas during kyphosis there are no deposits, nevertheless, the spinal column itself undergoes numerous deformations, mainly in the lumbar region. This is due to the fact that osteochondrosis occurs as a result of salt and mineral deposits in the spine. Therefore, when visualized by contrasting methods, it has the appearance of a growth on the spine. Kyphosis is an abnormal bending, deformation of the spinal column itself, which is also clearly displayed on the radiograph.

Lumbar lordosis

Normally, lumbar lordosis exists in every person. When we talk about lumbar lordosis, we are talking about the natural physiological bends of the spinal column. They perform numerous functions: maintain the optimal position of the spine when walking, act as shock absorbers, absorb and soften movements, facilitate tremors and vibrations while walking. The absence of a bend or its improper development, for example, bending in the opposite direction, is a pathological condition. There are disorders of the spine, diseases, because in this case the spine experiences an increased load, the movements infringe and erase the vertebrae.

Lumbar lordosis can be pathological. So, excessive bending of the spine in the lumbar region also negatively affects the health of the spine. Curvature of the spine entails a violation of other elements of the musculoskeletal system, as well as adjacent organs and systems. Such violations of the lumbar lordosis, as its full straightening, or excessive bending, leads to the fact that blood circulation is disturbed, there is a pinching of the nerve, intervertebral disc, and spinal nerve in the lumbar region. From here - radiculitis, lumbalgia, herniated discs.

In some people, kyphotization of lumbar lordosis can occur - a condition that can be described as the reverse development of lordosis, its growth in the opposite direction. Instead of lordosis, kyphosis is formed.

Hump in the lumbar

Sometimes patients form a kind of hump in the lumbar. Of course, in medicine there is no such diagnosis as a hump. In this case, diagnosis is required, an examination in order to determine what the hump is, and what are the causes and mechanisms of its appearance and development. In fact, differential diagnosis is used. Further treatment depends on how well the diagnosis is made.

There can be quite a few reasons that entail the development of a hump in the back. It can be as pathological processes affecting the spine, lower back, tissue surrounding it. The hump can indicate the development of an inflammatory process, or traumatic damage to the spine, paravertebral muscles, intervertebral muscles. It can also be a pinched nerve, vertebra, damage to the intervertebral disc. The hump can be a benign or malignant neoplasm in the spine, compaction, deposition of salts and mineral components. It can be a hematoma, an overgrowth of blood vessels (angioma). Also, a hump can occur as a result of the displacement of one or more vertebrae. Often, the vertebra, shifting, leads to a shift in other vertebrae, pinching of muscles, nerves, intervertebral discs (this is how intervertebral hernias arise). As a rule, they are accompanied by edema, inflammation, compaction and maceration (swelling) of tissues, as a result of which something similar to a hump is formed.

Hernia of the lumbar spine

Against the background of kyphosis of the lumbar spine, many patients develop Schmorl's hernia. A hernia is formed due to the fact that the vertebrae are displaced, undergo changes. They can pinch the intervertebral discs, which leads to the development of a hernia. As a rule, the condition is painful, accompanied by swelling and inflammation. Patients often have difficulty in moving, need special painkillers. Patients with this diagnosis require periodic courses of massage, manual therapy, osteopathy sessions. The use of special medications, physiotherapeutic procedures may be required.

Treatment of the lumbar kyphosis

The main treatment for kyphosis is physical activity. Traditionally used means of physical therapy (exercise therapy). Read more about treatment methods in this article .

Prevention

The basis of prevention is the periodic passage of medical examinations, during which it is possible to identify pathology in a timely manner and take the necessary measures. An effective preventive measure is a rational motor regime, physical activity. It is important to sit, sleep in the correct position, for this you should use special orthopedic mattresses and pillows. Regular walks, proper nutrition, vitaminization and mineralization of the body are important conditions for prevention.

Forecast

Usually lumbar kyphosis is quite simple to treat and correct. However, recovery is possible only if you lead an active lifestyle, follow all the doctor's recommendations, strictly follow his instructions. In the treatment of kyphosis, an important role is assigned to the patient himself: he acts as an active participant in the therapeutic process. It is the patient who should regularly engage in physical education, breathing, relaxation and meditation practices. Timely diagnosis is also important, because the sooner treatment is prescribed, the more effective it will be.