Laryngeal vesiculopathy: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

In acute pemphigus, more than 50% of patients have, in addition to skin lesions, lesions of the mucous membrane, and among them, 30% have laryngeal pemphigus. Disease of the mucous membrane may occur before skin manifestations of this disease; isolated lesions of the mucous membrane, affecting only the larynx, occur extremely rarely.

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Pathological anatomy of laryngeal pemphigus

Large yellowish blisters appear on the epiglottis and the mucous membrane of the vestibule of the larynx, which, breaking through, form superficial ulcers of a bright red color, on the periphery of which the remains of the membrane of the bladder remain for some time. After some time, the ulcer is covered with a yellowish-gray exudate.

Symptoms of laryngeal pemphigus

During the period of ulcer formation, patients note such symptoms of laryngeal pemphigus as: severe pain when swallowing, in some cases causing severe dysphagia, as a result of which patients are forced to refuse to eat. This leads to weight loss and weakening. In some cases, the evolution of the disease takes a chronic form, in which relapses of pemphigus occur, leading to the formation of cicatricial stenosis of the larynx. In other cases, the process develops very quickly, especially in the acute febrile form.

Diagnosis of laryngeal pemphigus

Diagnosis of laryngeal pemphigus is difficult in the isolated form of laryngeal lesions, but does not present any difficulties in the simultaneous occurrence of cutaneous manifestations of pemphigus.

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What is the prognosis for laryngeal pemphigus?

Laryngeal pemphigus rarely ends in recovery. Treatment of laryngeal pemphigus with antibiotics and corticosteroids leads to a chronic course, sometimes to recovery.