Invasive Protective Breast Cancer
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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No one is immune from this terrible disease. As the statistics show, every eighth woman faces a similar problem, and how many who do not even guess about its existence, because the early stages of its development are asymptomatic. Invasive protocol breast cancer is a malignant neoplasm in the tissues of the duct and membrane lobes, which engulf the thorax.
ICD-10 code
According to the international classification of diseases of the tenth revision (code for microbial 10), the disease, called in medicine as an invasive protocol breast cancer, has its own code. International designation adopted:
- C50 Malignant disease of the breast.
- D05.1 In-flow carcinoma in situ.
Causes of Invasive Protocol Breast Cancer
Many perceive the female breast as a natural decoration, not always reflecting that its main predestination is the production of milk for feeding a newborn. Problems with this pair of secretory organs especially psychologically hurt the fair sex. After all, the breast belongs to the secondary sexual organs of a woman. The causes of invasive protocol breast cancer are diverse, but they are still not fully recognized. But some can still be announced.
- High rate of apoptosis - the natural death of cells of glandular tissues. As established, the more new cells appear, the higher the probability of their mutation.
- Presence in a woman's history of chronic gynecological pathologies.
- A special effect on glandular cells has a hormonal background, so strongly "tied" to the period of the onset of menarche (early puberty) and ending with menopause (later the onset of menopause). The level of estrogens in the mammary glands is much higher than in the blood. It is this combination that explains the fact of low probability of the development of the disease by this category of pathology in men.
- The genetic genetic factor also plays a role.
- Early puberty.
- Hormonal disorders associated with the endocrine system: hypothyroidism (deficiency of thyroid secretion secretion), diabetes mellitus, increased body weight.
- Genetic predisposition. The presence of a similar diagnosis in a close relative.
- Continuous replacement therapy with the use of hormonal drugs.
- Long period of use of hormonal contraceptives.
- The more a woman suffered from abortions, the higher the risk of manifesting the disease.
- Irregular sex life or complete absence of it.
- Breast Injury.
- Later motherhood or infertility.
- Bad habits.
- Impact of radiation and other hazardous radiation.
- Prolonged contact with toxic substances.
- The risk group is women aged 30 to 70 years.
Pathogenesis
To combat the problem, it is necessary to know the source of its origin and the mechanism of development. The pathogenesis of the disease under consideration consists in the birth of pathology in the milk ducts, after which the metastasis penetrates through the walls and begins to grow in the fatty layer of the thoracic tissues.
Mutated structures are able to penetrate into the lymphatic structures and circulatory system. This form of malignant neoplasms is able to metastasize further along the body.
Invasive protocol breast cancer is one of the most common types of invasive breast cancer. It is diagnosed in eight of the fairer sexes out of ten who were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer.
Symptoms of invasive breast cancer
The insidiousness of this disease is that up to a certain point it is asymptomatic. And to identify it in the early stages is not always possible, by chance, on the next medical examination or diagnosis of another pathology. Symptoms of invasive breast cancer can be fully represented, and only some of their combinations are possible. But their appearance should make a person alert and seek medical advice.
- The appearance of asymmetry in the location of the two mammary glands.
- Condensation, which does not disappear after the menstrual period.
- Appearance from the nipple of any secretion, whether it is a clear or bloody fluid.
- Change in the natural form of the skin: wrinkling - "goosebumps", pigmentation, peeling, inflammation.
- Hyperemia of the epidermis.
- There may be swelling.
- Appearance of marble-like areas of the dermis.
- Modification of the outline, size parameters of the breast.
- The drawn nipple.
To catch these changes, you need to take the rule at least once a month to examine your breasts. You can carry out such a survey yourself, mastering a fairly simple technique.
First signs
If we talk about self-control, the first signs of invasive protocol breast cancer, which should alert the woman and make her make an appointment with the doctor - mammologist - are small seals that appeared in the chest during palpation, which do not disappear throughout the menstrual cycle.
It should also be alerted to any deviation from the natural state of the skin or the shape of the breast.
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1 degree
As a rule, malignant pathologies of physicians are divided into different stages of progression. The higher the stage, the more severe the clinical picture appears before the oncologist.
The easiest stage of the disease is 1 degree. To detect invasive ductal breast cancer at this stage is a great success. After all, usually the disease does not manifest itself in any way, and it can only be diagnosed by chance.
But if the pathology is recognized right now - the likelihood of an effective fight against the disease is great, while the breast will be preserved.
Characteristics of this stage of the disease:
- The diameter of the tumor does not exceed 2 cm.
- It is localized within the duct and has not yet spread beyond its limits.
- Metastases are not observed.
2 degree
The more severe stage of pathology is grade 2. It is classified as a transitional form of cancer: from early to late.
It is characterized by such parameters:
- The diameter of the tumor ranges from 2 cm to 5.
- Cancer captures the near lymph node (or even several nodes) located in the armpit from the side of the affected gland.
- Lymph nodes are not soldered to each other and to nearby tissues. It is the presence of the adhesion process and translates the pathology into a third, more severe, stage.
- Metastases are observed.
This degree of invasive protocol breast cancer is divided into oncologists:
- "2A" - the size of the tumor is less than 2 cm, but the mutated cells are already found in the axillary lymph nodes. As the statistics show, the survival rate of patients in diagnosing this phase shows about 90%.
- "2B" - the size of the tumor from 2 to 5 cm, the cancer spread to the lymph nodes. At the same time, the statistics of the five-year survival rate of such patients is close to 80%.
3 degree
It is the presence of an evolving adhesion process that connects the lymph nodes and surrounding matter between them, translates the patient's diagnosis from the 2nd to the 3rd degree of pathology. At the same time, the size of cancer education does not play an important role.
At this stage of the development of the disease, the progression of a scirrhous type of cancers is possible. This suggests that the tumor has a significant density. At the same time, the discrepancy between the dimensional characteristics obtained when feeling with the sizes of invasive protocol breast cancer, obtained by X-ray and ultrasound examination, is characteristic.
Effects
In order to understand what danger is present for a patient, this or that pathology, it is necessary to estimate the consequences that can develop if adequate measures of cupping are not taken or they will be insufficient.
With timely detection of pathology (early stage of development), the disease passes to a more severe form of manifestation. Mutated cells gradually penetrate into healthy tissues of the body, capturing systematically all new areas. At the same time, the rate of such an invasion is different. In one case it is several weeks, in another case this process is stretched for several months.
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Complications
Because of its aggressiveness, invasive protocol breast cancer is also dangerous because of the changes that this disease can provoke in the patient's body. The complications of the pathology under consideration are different, but let us recall the most dangerous pathologies.
Even after surgery, no doctor will give full assurance that the disease will not return after five to ten years. The probability and return of invasive cancer is great after an operation to excise non-invasive ductal carcinoma.
Quite often, a mammogram obtained against the background of the diagnosed pathology in question shows the presence of microcalcinate (calcium deposits) in the woman's breast, which indicates the passage of the inflammatory process in the area under consideration and the accumulation of necrotic cells (necrosis). They are gradually impregnated with calcium salts, forming microcalcinates.
Relapse of the disease is from 25 to 50% of diagnosed and operated cases. Even after a quarter of a century a woman is not immune from the return of the disease.
Diagnosis of invasive breast cancer
The first suspicions of the presence of pathological changes in the breast can come to a woman at the next examination of her mammary glands. If even the slightest suspicion crept in, it is worthwhile dispelling them, having registered for an appointment with a doctor - a mammologist.
Only an expert should evaluate their condition and assign the necessary package of examinations. Diagnosis of invasive breast cancer is a complex of laboratory, instrumental and differential studies.
- Physical examination: an analysis of the patient's complaints, examination and palpation of the breast.
- Mandatory mammography is prescribed. This is quite an informative study, which is a radiography of the breast without the use of contrast agents. Visualization is done in two projections. This examination is conducted with an eye on the individual menstrual cycle of the patient. Optimal - this is the first phase of menstruation. However, a number of factors can significantly (from 6 to 40%) reduce the reliability of the results. This may be an implant present in the breast, a too small size of the tumor, and also in the presence of fibrous growths.
- Doktografiya - contrast radiographic mammological examination of the ducts of the breast. It makes it possible to recognize the tumor in 5 - 10 mm.
- Ultrasound examination allows visualizing the tumor, its localization, the condition of nearby tissues and the vascular bed.
- Magnetic resonance imaging is a highly informative method of examination. Allows you to layer-by-layer to obtain a high-precision image of the area of interest. It makes it possible to recognize the characteristics of the tumor.
- Biopsy - the preparation of tumor tissue suitable for their histological examination. She can definitely say about the nature of the neoplasm.
- Elastography is a new method of visualization of soft tissues based on various characteristics of their elasticity. It will help in the early stages to identify many tumors, including cancer.
- Laboratory investigations are mandatory.
Analyzes
Today, it is impossible to provide diagnostics of a disease without the participation of laboratory studies. In our case, the patient is assigned such tests:
- General urine analysis.
- Clinical examination of blood.
- Recognition of oncomarkers. These are specific molecules that are produced in the human body from cancer cells, getting into the blood. This study - a fairly accurate method for diagnosis of cancer. It allows to detect cancer cells even in the early stages of pathology.
- Cytological research is an integral component of the diagnosis of breast diseases in most European countries. Our oncologists also took it into service.
- Mandatory assessment of hormone receptor expression level.
[20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28]
Differential diagnostics
To have the results of laboratory and instrumental studies on hand, to put the correct diagnosis, a qualified, experienced specialist is needed. Differential diagnosis of invasive breast cancer is a method of excluding cancerous growth.
The specialist refers to the so-called triple test, by which each score (clinical examination, mammography, biopsy) is assigned a certain score. The amount is subject to assessment:
If testing brought the result to a figure of three to four, this indicates the presence of a benign neoplasm.
The sum of five units indicates the unclear nature of the pathology path, which requires additional examination and detailing.
Evaluation of the test in six to nine points clearly indicates the malignant nature of the course of the disease.
Instrumental diagnostics
Modern medicine is hard to even imagine without the help of specialized medical equipment, which greatly facilitates the diagnosis and the very relief of the problem. Instrumental diagnosis of invasive breast cancer, as mentioned above, involves a number of methods:
- Mammography is a diagnostic examination of a patient, which allows, through the application of radiological rays, to obtain two images (in different angles) of the mammary gland. This method, thanks to the appropriate equipment, shows a sufficiently high resolution. However, in some cases, the reliability of the results can be reduced (from 6 to 40%), which invariably should be taken into account by an experienced mammologist. Affect the quality of the result may be present in the breast implant, too small size of the tumor, as well as in the presence of fibrous proliferation.
- Ultrasound examination is an invasive technique, thanks to which it is possible to visualize the internal structure of tissues. Allows you to view the organ of interest from different angles. One of its varieties is Doppler. Thanks to her, the specialist is able to obtain the results of the evaluation of blood flow. Ultrasonic waves make it possible to differentiate dense formations. With its help an experienced ultrasound can recognize oncological neoplasms and cysts. If you rely on the monitoring of diagnostic activities, ultrasound is a more gentle procedure, since the mammography is performed using X-rays. But not so simple. In most cases, a mammologist appoints an ultrasound to a woman, but if she overstepped the 40-year limit, the patient undergoes mammogram.
- Doktografiya - one of the varieties of such studies as mammography. The procedure is performed using X-rays and contrast media.
- Magnetic resonance imaging is a fairly informative method of investigation. Allows you to layer-by-layer to obtain a high-precision image of the area of interest. It makes it possible to recognize the characteristics of the tumor.
- Biopsy - obtaining a sample of mutated cells, suitable for further histological examination.
- Elastography is an innovative technique for visualizing soft tissues based on various characteristics of their elasticity. It allows even at early stages of pathology to reveal many neoplasms, including cancerous ones.
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Treatment of invasive breast cancer
The goal of any treatment is complete recovery of the patient. In the situation with cancer, this result is not always achievable, but it is possible to facilitate improvement of health status and prolong the life of the patient in most cases. The protocol of therapy for each patient is individual and depends on the severity of the disease and the general condition of the patient. Treatment of invasive protocol breast cancer, after the establishment of the pathology stage, is conditioned by the following set of measures:
- Surgical treatment: lumpectomy (partial excision), mastectomy (complete removal of the affected breast). The type of operation is prescribed by a mammal - an oncologist, based on the results of a comprehensive examination.
- Radiation therapy. Radiation treatment allows you to get rid of the remaining cancer cells in the body and prevent their further reproduction. Reduces the likelihood of a second malignant neoplasm. Therapy can be prescribed, both before surgery and after (in the presence of metastases).
- Chemotherapy. Admission of pharmacological agents to prevent relapse of the disease. At stage 1 of the disease, this therapy is not assigned to every patient. With a more severe form of the disease, it is mandatory.
- Hormonal therapy. Preparations of this group are entered into the protocol of postoperative recovery. Drugs prevent the pathogenic cells from obtaining a hormone that promotes the predominant growth of one hormone in front of others. Analogues of sex steroids are prescribed.
- If there are certain indications, a woman can be assigned to remove the ovaries that produce dangerous hormones.
Medications
In the treatment of invasive protocol breast cancer can not do without the support of pharmacological agents. The drugs that have to be taken by the patient are diverse, but the basis of the protocol is the drugs of targeted therapy and chemotherapy.
Targeted therapy drugs are assigned to weaken the action of the protective forces of mutated cells, which allows much more effective treatment and faster to come to the expected result.
In general, to solve this problem, apply herceptin (trastuzumab), avastin, mebter. This drug (herceptin) refers to highly purified proteins. Its introduction allows performing a specific, specific immunocorrection.
The drug is administered to the patient only by intravenous drip. The schedule and dosage of the drug is prescribed by the attending physician based on the clinic of the disease and the general state of health of the patient. It is not allowed to inject drugs of this group in a jet or bolus. Therefore, this procedure should be performed by an experienced medical professional.
With rare exceptions, the patient can avoid chemotherapy, the rest of the patients have to go through it.
When carrying out chemotherapy, there is also a downside. The drugs used destroy not only the mutated cells, some of the healthy tissues also die. A number of drugs in this group is strongly contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation.
Medications, most commonly found in treatment protocols, belong to the pharmacological group of cytostatics. These are such as cyclophosphamide, cyclophosphamide, icebreaker, doxorubicin, fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide - LENS, cytoxan, endoxane.
Cyclophosphamide is an antitumor drug that can only be prescribed by an experienced oncologist. Its introduction is unacceptable at home. The procedure should be carried out by a qualified medical professional, with the fulfillment of all safety requirements.
Side effects of chemotherapy are simply frightening, which repels many patients, but often the rejection of this therapy can cost a woman a return to the disease and a high risk of death. Unfortunately, to date, such drugs are the only effective method to combat invasive breast cancer, in combination with other methods of exposure.
Alternative treatment
Oncology, its genesis and the mechanism of development are not fully understood to this day, but in the arsenal of traditional medicine there are enough methods to combat this terrible disease, although not enough, in some cases to defeat it completely. Having received this terrible diagnosis of a patient, and with him and his family and friends, are ready to try any methods, just to restore their former health. Not the last place is the alternative treatment. But it is worth remembering that it is unlikely to get rid of a tumor by methods of unconventional medicine.
Such treatment should be carried out with the consent of the attending physician and in parallel with the traditional protocols of therapy.
To combat such a disease as invasive protocol breast cancer, it will be inadequate to use prescriptions of alternative medicine capable only of destroying cancer cells. The treatment involves herbs that have different but specific characteristics:
- Immunomodulators - activating the body's defenses against the invasion of foreign invasion. These include: kopee, duckweed, rod-rose, aconite, spurge of Pallas, red brush, hemlock, astragalus and other plants.
- Non-poisonous plants that can directly affect cancer cells (akin to chemotherapy, but do not replace it). To this category include: labaznik, vorobeynik, sweet clover, black-legged, burdock, bed-root, comfrey and others.
- Herbs that can affect the level of hormones. Their use in such therapy is compulsory. To this group of herbs include: zyuznik, bruise, klopogon, vorobeynik, bug, comfrey, black-legged and others.
- Herbs that allow to activate the work of the liver, which is important for effective treatment and recovery after therapy. These include: immortelle, dandelion, milk thistle, calendula, centipedes, hodgepodge, chicory, yarrow and so on.
- Plants that provide the body with maintenance therapy: diuretics that have sedative characteristics, improve the performance of the digestive system, and so on. Such patients in the course of herbal medicine must be introduced: sabelnik, labaznik, willow bark, peony and others.
Herbal Treatment
Choosing alternative therapies, you should learn more about a particular prescription. It is not superfluous to communicate with patients who have experienced its effects on oneself. In this herbal treatment should enter the protocol of therapy only after the permission of the treating doctor - an oncologist. After all, the grass is not as harmless as many people think. Only due to their pharmacological activity, drugs based on them are able, one way or another, to affect the work of organs and systems of the body.
We offer you a number of products that have been tested and shown to be effective enough to be recommended for the treatment of invasive breast cancer.
- With young branches of oak to remove the bark, to withstand until completely dry. Cut into smaller pieces. Taking a tablespoon, put in 200 ml of steep boiling water. Bring to a boil and take two minutes off the plate, then boil again. The vessel should be clogged and wrapped, leaving it for two more hours. Warm the liquid with a tissue and apply a compress on the tumor. Keep the napkin for two hours. The procedure should be repeated in the morning and in the evening.
- Four tablespoons of a bedstraw lingerie pour two glasses of steep boiling water. Leave for two hours, then drain. Take small sips of 100 grams, four times a day. You can drink fresh juice in the same way.
- Young cherry twigs cut into small sticks. Approximately a couple of handfuls of dried raw material pour two liters of milk from the goat. Put the vessel with the milk-cherry mixture on the fire and for about six hours to torment in a barely perceptible flame. Drink three times a day in breaks between meals for 70 days.
High efficiency of the result is given by herbs related to poisonous plants. Therefore, their use is very dangerous. The recommended dosages should be followed exactly. At the same time, they can not be taken with other medicines, since it is not always possible to predict the result of their joint action. To take them follows courses: three months of treatment, then a couple weeks of interruption.
- The mushroom mushroom hats are collected, dried. Raw material is infused with alcohol or vodka. This requires a couple of spoons of mushrooms and half a liter of vodka. Keep the composition in a dark place for two weeks. The scheme of reception is simple, but it should not be abandoned. Start with one drop, adding one more each day. On the tenth day, 10 drops will be obtained in one session. Then there is a countdown: one drop is reduced, reaching one drop per day. After this, a break is necessary to enable the sick organism to at least partially recover. After a rest, the course of therapy can be repeated. In breaks between the courses you should drink decoctions and tinctures, obtained on the basis of herbs, which have the property of removing toxins from the body. Here is suitable Japanese Sophora, flax seeds or black elder blossoms. Such infusions are desirable to drink between any courses, the basis of which are preparations of poisonous plants.
- Similarly, the tincture from the root of the aconite is infused and the same scheme is adopted. In this case, to get the medicine you need 20 grams of root and 0.5 liters of vodka. The difference is that with a second course of therapy, the amount of medication taken can be brought to 20 drops.
- Another infusion is prepared from the prince of Siberia. A bottle of dark glass is covered with a crushed plant for two thirds. Fill the other volume with alcohol or vodka. Leave to infuse for a couple of weeks, then drink thirty to forty drops three times throughout the day. The duration of therapy is three months.
- In mid-June, collect forty fruits of green walnuts. Place them in a container and supplement it with purified kerosene - about three liters. Leave for 40 days, then drain the liquid. Drink with 50 - 100 ml of water twice a day, taking the medicine before eating. The first day, the dosage of the tincture is five drops. Then we add two more each day. To bring to 15 drops. This amount is invariably maintained for two weeks, then follows in the reverse order, taking two drops a day to reduce the dosage, bringing to 5 drops. This course will take four weeks. This scheme is more effective in the benign nature of the tumor. With cancer neoplasm, the dosage of the medication and the regimen are changed. You should drink a tablespoon twice a day, without interruption for three months.
Homeopathy
To date, this new direction for us in the unconventional treatment of diseases offers a fairly wide range of drugs that are ready to help rid people of such a disease as cancer. But it is worth remembering that homeopathy has a high enough status, and, accordingly, experienced doctors, as well as a raw material base, only at home in China. Therefore, if colds, runny nose or fatigue can still be entrusted to our specialists in oriental medicine, then such a serious and dangerous disease as invasive protocol breast cancer is better to treat with the methods of traditional classical medicine.
Operative treatment
In most cases, the basis of therapy considered in this article is nevertheless surgical treatment. Methods of its conduct are determined by the doctor individually, based on the analysis of the stage of detection of the patient's pathology and health status, as well as in the presence of concomitant illnesses that are present in the patient's anamnesis.
Mainly, if a patient is diagnosed with stage 1 or 2 of invasive breast cancer, an oncologist - mammologist can go to an organ-preserving operation. This can be a lumpectomy - partial excision of a tumor neoplasm, together with a small volume of nearby tissues. Such surgical intervention allows a woman to save her breasts. After that she receives a complex of restorative treatment. This is radiation therapy, laboratory control.
If surgical treatment is possible at the third stage of a progressive disease, a mastectomy is prescribed to a woman, which involves not partial but complete removal of the affected breast (usually in this case, neighboring lymph nodes are also removed). In a number of cases, the patient can be held immediately after mastectomy and breast reconstruction.
If the results of the examination show multiple metastases or the patient's condition is severe, then doctors do not go for surgery.
After the operation, the patient should be ready for a series of postoperative manifestations.
- From the surgical suture for a while a trickle can trickle.
- The site of operation affects the edema, which extends to the upper limb, located on the side of the lesion.
- It is possible to reduce the mobility of the shoulder joint of the operated side.
Do not forget about the psychological side of this operation. Such a woman needs, in the postoperative period, more than ever the support of relatives and close people, and possibly a professional psychologist.
Prevention
The essence of the recommendations for preventing the development of the disease in minimizing all factors that can become catalysts of pathology. As practice shows, the most dangerous in this respect is the woman's age from 40 to 60 years, when her body begins to rebuild, approaching menopause. Her hormonal background does not stand aside either. Changes in the hormonal balance and can become a provocateur, which launched the process of cell mutation.
That is why the prevention of invasive breast cancer is that women at risk must visit a gynecologist or mammologist at least once every six months.
The modern rhythm of life and its features have led to the fact that enough women, giving birth to one child, stop there. Significantly reduced and the duration of breastfeeding a newborn. A number of representatives of the fair sex, in order not to spoil the shape of the breast, do not generally feed the baby with mother's milk, preferring artificial mixtures. Such a picture negatively affects the state of the reproductive system.
To reduce the risk of oncology, a woman needs to conceive, bear and give birth to a child. It is desirable that there are at least two of them. In this case, the newborn should be breast-fed, maintaining lactation for at least a year. As confirmation of this, in recent years the number of women without children has increased, and the frequency of diagnosing the disease in question has increased. The highest percentage of such cases is attributable to the nulliparous or aborted women.
Do not throw off the shields and sex life of the fair sex. To reduce the risk of the disease, she must have one partner and have a constant sex life. Prolonged abstinence, like a frequent change of partners, only increases the risk of cancer, and also promotes the spread of sexually transmitted infections.
It should be more legible and in the diet. Make sure that the body does not starve, or, conversely, does not overeat. It is necessary to reduce the consumption of fatty, animal food. Food should be rational and balanced. Particular attention should be paid to products with a high content of vitamin A and E. As studies show, the vitamin data group has an expressed antitumor effect on the body.
Not the last place is occupied by clothes, especially underwear. The bra worn by a woman should be comfortable, not to pressure or impede movement anywhere.
It is worth taking for the rule once a month to touch your chest by yourself. The method of this testing is simple and can be easily mastered by any woman.
Forecast
The effectiveness of the therapy and the further prognosis of life largely depends on the stage at which the disease was recognized. As monitoring shows, 80% of women after complete therapy came to complete recovery, having been diagnosed with stage 1 of invasive breast cancer.
When diagnosing the second stage, this indicator is somewhat lower and is sixty percent. In the case of the third and fourth stage of the disease, this indicator is significantly less. And with increasing severity of pathology, he tends to zero.
Beautiful breasts are a natural ornament of any woman, and her loss gives her not only physical, but also psychological suffering. Therefore, in order to diagnose invasive protocol breast cancer is not a verdict, it is worth more to take care of your health. It is necessary to take for the rule yourself, at least once a month to test your breasts and at least once a half a year to undergo examination with a doctor - gynecologist or mammologist. Not the last place in this issue is occupied by preventive measures. This is the only way to protect yourself against the development of neoplasms and their degeneration into malignant tumors. Even if this happens, the cancer will be recognized already at an early stage, which will allow to solve the problem with the least losses!