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How to prevent typhoid fever?
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Prevention of typhoid fever consists in the observance of sanitary and hygienic requirements: proper water supply, construction of sewerage, strict observance of the technology of harvesting, transportation and sale of food products, especially those that are not subjected to heat treatment before consumption.
Early detection and isolation of patients with typhoid and bacterial excretion remains decisive in preventing the spread of infection in children's groups and family centers.
Those who have been ill with typhoid fever are subject to follow-up and laboratory examination. Bacteriological examination is conducted no later than the 10th day after discharge from the hospital 5 times, with an interval of 1-2 days. In the next 3 months, the urine and urine are examined once a month, later (for 2 years) - once a quarter, three times. With negative results of these studies (except for the decreed categories of the population), those who have recovered with typhoid are removed from the SES.
In the focus of infection, incubation and current disinfection are carried out . Contact for typhoid is subject to medical supervision within 21 days from the moment of isolation of the patient, a bacteriological study of bowel movements and urine is performed once every 10 days. As a means of emergency prevention in the foci of typhoid fever, a typhoid bacteriophage is used. Children from family foci who attend pre-school institutions are not admitted to these institutions until they receive negative results from bacteriological research. In the detection of the carriage of typhoid bacteria in older children, they can visit children's groups, but they are followed by careful medical supervision.
Active immunization is carried out according to epidemiological indications and only in children older than 7 years. In recent years, for immunization of typhoid, vaccination against typhoid fever in a dose of 1 ml or a vaccine typhoid alcohol enriched with Vi-antigen is used. Revaccination is performed no earlier than 6 months and no later than 1 year. The prophylactic effectiveness of vaccination is 67%. Previously released vaccines for immunoprophylaxis of typhoid (typhoid paratyphoid-tetanus, typhoparathyphoid, etc.) have been discontinued and are not currently applied.
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