High temperature in adults: treatment with antipyretic tablets

Even a healthy and well-tolerated hyperthermia to a person who is at home with a high temperature, it is desirable to knock it down at thermometer values above 39 ℃.

If a patient has previously experienced seizures at a temperature, then it is necessary to prevent her from rising to dangerous levels (someone has 39 ℃, and someone - 37.5 ℃).

If the patient loses consciousness, complains of an intolerable headache, he has chronic diseases - the heart, kidneys and other organs, there were transient ischemic attacks, any elevated temperature should be brought down to improve the patient's condition.

In cases where the temperature rises to 40 ℃ and above, and it can not be knocked down, if convulsions and fainting begin at any temperature, it is necessary to urgently call an ambulance.

How and how to knock down the heat in an adult?

The next question is - how to knock off the heat from an adult? The most effective in this case will be drugs that have the ability to reduce temperature. Everyone in the home medicine cabinet usually has at least one such drug. They are sold in a pharmacy without a prescription and are an emergency medicine for hyperthermia of any origin.

Antipyretics at high temperature in adults are chosen, based on their availability at the moment and individual tolerance of the patient. Oral preparations are usually used.

The popular antipyretic  Paracetamol is  available in capsules and all kinds of tablets - for swallowing, chewing, soluble in water and oral cavity, soluble powders and ready-made syrup. In addition to antipyretic, the drug also has an analgesic and moderately anti-inflammatory effect. Oppressing the activity of cyclooxygenases, a group of enzymes that catalyze the production of pyrogens, as well as mediators of pain and inflammation. Paracetamol has virtually no effect on the water-electrolyte balance and, in comparison with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, does not damage the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, however, it can have a negative effect on liver cells, especially in people suffering from its dysfunction. It is contraindicated in patients who are close to it, patients with impaired renal function, congenital bilirubin in the blood, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, with low hemoglobin and leukocyte counts. Long-term use in doses exceeding therapeutic, can cause hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effect, anemia and other abnormalities in the blood picture. It is not recommended for persons with liver pathologies of alcoholic origin.

The recommended dosage for a single dose of 0.5 g, maximally at one time an adult person can take 1 g of paracetamol, a day - four grams. The drug is taken after eating an hour or two, with plenty of water. The course of treatment should not exceed one week.

Acetylsalicylic acid or  Aspirin, belonging to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, has been leading for more than half a century among drugs that knock down temperature, reduce pain and stop the inflammatory process. Additionally, this medicine dilutes the blood, preventing thrombosis. Aspirin is also available in oral tablets, conventional (for ingestion) or soluble, in combined forms - with vitamin C.

The action of acetylsalicylic acid is to inactivate the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of prostaglandins - pro-inflammatory mediators responsible for fever, pain and swelling. If the drug also contains vitamin C, it also has an immunomodulatory effect, and also strengthens the blood vessels. Do not use patients with a tendency to bleeding, peptic ulcer and other inflammatory diseases of the digestive canal. Aspirin may be a good alternative to paracetamol for patients with liver disease of any etiology.

May cause allergic reactions, in particular, the so-called aspirin triad. When exceeding the recommended dose or prolonged admission may cause a decrease in the number of platelets in the blood, gastrointestinal bleeding. Usual tablets of 0.5 g take one piece, copiously with water. You can crush the pill before taking it. The maximum single dose should not be more than two tablets, daily - no more than eight. The drug is taken every four to eight hours.

In soluble tablets, the dosage of acetylsalicylic acid is somewhat lower (0.4 g), however, the intake rules are the same. Soluble forms are considered more sparing for the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract.

Another nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug  Ibuprofen  has an even more pronounced antipyretic effect than the previous two. Like aspirin, suppressing the synthesis of prostaglandins, the drug relieves pain and inflammation, additionally having an antiaggregant effect. With the active substance ibuprofen, complete analogs are produced with the trade name  Nurofen.

The active substance has a long list of side effects, so it is used for a short time. May cause severe allergic reactions up to anaphylaxis. Contraindicated in patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract with the possibility of hemorrhagic manifestations, severe cardiac, hepatic or renal dysfunction.

A single dose is from 0.2 to 0.4 g, you can again take the pill after four to six hours. A day can take no more than six tablets of 0.2 g. The tablets are swallowed whole, with plenty of water.

Analginum is  also a very famous drug, which suppresses hyperthermic and pain syndrome. The blocker of cyclooxygenase, reduces the synthesis of prostaglandins. The active substance (metamizol sodium) belongs to the pyrazolone group of drugs. Anti-inflammatory effect almost does not have, but has a slight spasmolytic effect, acting on the musculature of the digestive canal and urinary organs.

Contraindicated for sensitized patients. Because of the development of agranulocytosis (a pathological decrease in immunocompetent blood cells - granulocytes) in some countries is no longer applied. It is not recommended for patients with blood diseases, aspirin triad, liver and / or kidney dysfunction.

Take half or a whole tablet twice a day after meals. The tablet or part of it should be swallowed whole, with plenty of water.

With the development of "white hyperthermia", when the vessels do not expand, but spasmodic, and at high temperature values, it is possible to knock down the temperature with a triple. It includes not only an antipyretic remedy, but also an antispasmodic and an antihistamine.

For example, analgin, paracetamol or ibuprofen as an antipyretic; papaverine (preferably because it works better on peripheral vessels), nikoshpan or no-shpa; antihistamines preferably of the first generation - dimedrol, pipolfen, diazolin. Dosage composition according to the instructions for each drug and applied no more than eight hours later. It is advisable to consult with your doctor before using this medication as to the advisability of use and dosages. The use of a triple is a one-two-time action in extreme conditions.

They also apply pricks at high temperature in adults. In this case, drugs fall directly into the bloodstream, and antipyretic action occurs much faster and more powerful than from tablets. Indications for the injection of antipyretic agents are the thermometer values exceeding 39.5-40 ℃, pre-fainting condition, the threat of seizures, diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system, cardiovascular pathologies, the inefficiency of oral preparations or suppositories, and the inability to resort to them vomiting, unconsciousness of the patient and other causes).

Intramuscularly injections of ibuprofen and analgin, paracetamol only intravenously.

The most known injecting agent, knocking down temperature, is a triple or lytic mixture: anesthetic and antipyretic analgin 50% (2ml), spasmolytic papaverine hydrochloride 2% (2ml) and sedative anthallergic drug dimedrol (1ml). The solutions are mixed in one syringe and injected into the outer part of the upper gluteal quadrant. Effective and quickly knocks down the temperature, however, this antipyretic therapy is recommended to be conducted no more than twice. The second injection can be done if necessary only six hours after the first. During this time it is necessary to have time to contact a doctor and consult about further actions. It is worth noting that such an injection reduces the temperature and blood pressure.

Suppositories at high temperature also allow us to provide sufficiently effective help at high temperature in an adult. Given that the drug does not directly enter the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, and also - in case of problems with swallowing the tablet, the form of the suppository has a wider range of uses.

With hyperthermia, suppositories with paracetomol of the same name or produced under other trade names are used, for example, Milistan, Efferalgan. Dosages of the drug in suppositories are the same - 0.5 g from one to four times a day.

Suppositories Cefecon is a combined preparation containing antipyretics of a group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-salicylamide and naproxen. They suppress the production of prostagalandins and influence the center of thermoregulation in the hypothalamus. Caffeine, also part of the drug, is a stimulator of metabolic processes in the body tissues. Such a suppository should not be used if the patient has hypertension, arousal and severe tachycardia.

Suppositories Viferon do not directly antipyretic effect, however, due to the active substances - α-interferon, ascorbic acid and vitamin E, stimulate their own immunity to fight infection, has a mild effect, rarely cause allergies, are allowed to pregnant women, beginning with the 14th weeks, and breastfeeding mothers. Very effective, especially with influenza and other viral infections.

Antibiotics at a high temperature in an adult are used only according to the doctor's prescription after the established cause of the disease. Otherwise, their use does not make sense, because they have no antipyretic effect, and in case of viral infections or diseases of a non-bacterial origin they can simply cause harm.

How to bring down the temperature without pills?

Allergic reactions to medicines are a scourge of our time. And if a person has already encountered such a phenomenon, he will until the last avoid a new meeting with medications. Therefore, many are interested in how to knock down the temperature by alternative means.

In alternative medicine, wipes have been used for a long time at high temperature in an adult, wrapping in damp cool (even cold) sheets, cold compresses and ice on the head and other parts of the body.

Such procedures for some time cooled the surface of the patient's skin and soothed his loved ones, who could no longer help. In the end, the temperature in the patient in most cases fell, of course, not because it was wiped, but just came its decline.

Modern evidence based medicine, based on the recommendations of the WHO, does not recognize such physiological effects on the body to reduce the temperature as a wipe, because when applied to the skin of a cool liquid, there is a spasm of the peripheral cutaneous vessels, the blood flow in them slows down and the heat transfer too. The same process takes place as in the case of a thermal shock. Reduces perspiration and evaporation, which leads to an increase in the temperature of internal organs.

Especially dangerous to use when wiping alcohol, vodka and vinegar at a high temperature in an adult. Of course, the skin of adults is not as thin as that of children, and it is no longer possible to poison alcohol or vinegar through it, however, the smell, the possibility of skin burn and the procedure itself is not very pleasant to a person with fever. Nevertheless, many people practice wiping from the temperature to this day, regardless of the warnings about their danger, and are satisfied with the effectiveness of the procedure. Therefore, if you really try and shoot down the temperature of an adult with rubbing, then use only warmed water for this. As studies show, the effectiveness of wiping with simple water and water with the addition of the above substances is the same.

But it is better to practice a warm abundant drink of infusions and herbal decoctions, rehydration solution and even plain water. Frequent (every 5-10 minutes) drinking a cool (a couple of degrees below the patient's body temperature) of clean water with several sips reduces the body temperature at the wipe level by 0.2-0.3 degrees. It is even better to drink rehydration solution instead of water, especially if there is vomiting or diarrhea at high temperature.

Rehydration is best done with Regidron or other pharmacy products, but if there is nothing at hand and the pharmacy is not available, you can prepare the solution as follows: in a liter of warm boiled water, dissolve slightly more than half a teaspoon of salt (preferably sea salt) and three full teaspoons of sugar. Such a solution will help maintain the water-electrolyte balance of the body and the proper level of glucose.

Alternative healers have long believed that to reduce the temperature you need to sweat properly. Herbs were treated with dried flowers of lime, berries of viburnum, raspberry and currant, teas from twigs and leaves of raspberries and currants. Drinks are well prepared from fruits that contain a lot of ascorbic acid, such as rose hips or citrus fruits.

You can make a mix of freshly squeezed apple and lemon juice, mixing them with a tablespoon of honey. The whole portion is divided into three equal parts and consumed throughout the day.

Seabuckthorn berries or viburnum, grinded with honey or sugar, just stir with warm boiled water and drink like mors.

The ability to reduce heat has an willow bark. It is crushed and poured a tablespoon of a glass of boiling water, insist for two hours and drink like tea.

Another proven tool is an enema with chamomile infusion. The infusion is prepared in proportions: 200 ml of water are taken with three tablespoons of dried flowers. They are boiled and boiled for a quarter of an hour in a water bath. Then insist 45 minutes, well strain, add boiled water to the original volume, mixed with two tablespoons of vegetable oil and make an enema.

Homeopathy with fever

An alternative to medicines that reduce heat is homeopathic remedies. A professional homeopathic prescriber will prescribe the drug after talking with the patient and examining it, taking into account not only the heat, but also the attendant symptoms and modalities. In cases of treatment of conditions accompanied by a fever, any homeopathic preparations are used.

If, in addition to the high temperature, there are no other symptoms, then first of all, attention is paid to how the patient transfers the temperature, assesses his reaction to heat and cold, the suddenness of fever or gradual increase in temperature, the nature of the temperature schedule, the patient's condition - drowsiness or agitation, the presence of pain , anxiety, hyperemia or cyanosis and so on.

With a sudden and rapid rise in temperature to high values, the following is commonly used:

Aconitum Napellus - the patient has dry and very sensitive skin, there is no secretion of sweat, a strong thirst, it is sensitive to any noise and excited (also applies to heat stroke);

Belladonna (Atropa) - a sharp increase in temperature at night, when the patient went to bed quite well, convulsions, clouded consciousness, intolerance of sounds, light and touch, it becomes easier in absolute calm and warmth;

The honey bee (Apis Mellifica) is a fever with a tremor marked by an acute headache, the skin is hyperemic, there may be rashes, the patient is ill from heat, he throws back the blanket, demands to open a window, rushes through the bed in search of a cool place;

Stramonium Datura - red hyperthermia, in which there may be hallucinations, convulsions, nightmares, chills and tremors, severe thirst, the patient's condition worsens in darkness and solitude, and improves in the society of relatives and under dim lighting;

Arsenicum album - temperature that fluctuates to high values, sweating, weakness, aches, excitement is replaced by prostration, frequent changes in body position, thirst - wants cold water often, but little by little, by night and in the cold, the condition worsens, warmly the patient becomes better, there is a rapid development of additional symptoms - cough, sore throat, intestines;

With a gradual increase in temperature, these drugs are symptomatically used:

White intermittent (Bryonia Alba) - thirst, copious sweating, sharp pains, dry cough, irritating any sound by the evening, the condition improves in complete calm and stillness;

Sumas poisonous (Rhus Toxicodendron) - diseases preceded by hypothermia, characterized by pains in the whole body, trembling, reluctance to move bordering on anxiety and searching for a comfortable position of the body, thirst, from the drunk fluid begins shivering and coughing, tongue is imposed;

Sleep-grass (Pulsatilla) - a gradual, gradually growing temperature, arms - hot, legs - cold and vice versa, chills even in warmth, there is no thirst, pain almost the same, there may be a desire to go out into the fresh air, apathy, by morning - a sweating;

Virgin jasmine (Gelsemium) - a jump in the temperature is accompanied by chills of different strengths, there is no thirst, joints and head ache, watery eyes, a fever on the face, sweating rises in the morning.

Pharmacy homeopathic remedies are also used to reduce temperature and alleviate the condition of the patient.

Viburkol suppositories are used as an antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug with a calming and relaxing effect. The composition of the drug combines the following active substances in homeopathic dilutions:

Matrix extract of chamomile pharmacy (Chamomilla recutita) - alternating sensations of chills and fever, with nocturnal impairments, thirst, red hyperthermia, sweating with itchy cotton;

Nightshade bitter-bitter (Solanum dulcamara) - symptoms of hyperthermia usually appear after hypothermia and are accompanied by a dry cough;

Belladonna (Atropa) - a sharp increase in temperature at night, when the patient went to bed quite well, convulsions, clouded consciousness, intolerance of sounds, light and touch, it becomes easier in absolute calm and warmth;

Plantago major (Plantago major) - chills without thirst with a feeling of heat in the chest, cold extremities even in a warm room, sweating, thirst, excitability, air deficiency;

Sleep-grass (Pulsatilla) - a gradual, gradually growing temperature, arms - hot, legs - cold and vice versa, chills even in warmth, there is no thirst, pain almost the same, there may be a desire to go out into the fresh air, apathy, by morning - a sweating;

Calcium carbonicum Hahnemanni (Calcium carbonicum Hahnemanni) or Calcarea Carbonica - the patient has a feeling of inner cold, chilliness and weakness in combination with a feverish blush on his cheeks, worse - in the cold, better - in the heat.

Suppositories are recommended for use in pediatric practice and for pregnant women, however, adults can use this medication to lower the temperature. In acute conditions, suppositories are applied every quarter of an hour, but not more than eight times in a row, then switch to maintenance therapy two to three times a day.

It is also possible to use Gripp-Heel tablets that remove intoxication and inflammation, activate the immune system and thereby improve the patient's condition. Predominantly appointed for influenza and other acute viral infections, inflammatory processes that cause symptoms of intoxication.

In structure:

Aconitum Napellus - the patient has dry and very sensitive skin, there is no secretion of sweat, a strong thirst, it is sensitive to any noise and excited (also applies to heat stroke);

White intermittent (Bryonia Alba) - thirst, copious sweating, sharp pains, dry cough, irritating any sound by the evening, the condition improves in complete calm and stillness;

Eupatorium perfoliatum - the disease begins with intense thirst, then comes the fever, accompanied by pain in the bones, head, limbs, photophobia and pressure on the eyes, the patient is usually cold, and he tries to wrap himself up, this condition often lasts until evening, and sometimes prolongs until the morning, then the patient sweats and the condition is relieved;

The poison of the rattlesnake (Lachesis) is a strong anesthetic;

Phosphorus - chills, internal cold, icy limbs with subsequent heat, night sweats and thirst, intermittent fever, insomnia, anxiety.

To treat viral infections, an Ingystol preparation of the same brand, available in tablets and ampoules, may be prescribed. It consists of two components: Medicinal Leaf in three homeopathic dilutions (Vincetoxicum hirundinaria), used to treat colds, and Sulfur - in two. The second component eliminates symptoms of general malaise, night cough, shortness of breath, flushing and sore throat, runny nose.

Tablet forms of both drugs are applied sublingually one at a time, in an acute condition - every quarter of an hour, but no more than two hours in a row, then three times a day half an hour before meals or an hour afterwards.

There is also an injection form of the drug. The injections at a high temperature are done daily from three to five times, then switch to a regimen from once every two or three days to once a week.