Cervical excision

Cervical excision is a surgical procedure to remove the affected tissue. There are several methods of performing the procedure.

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Indications for surgery

Indications for cervical excision:

• Cancer;
• benign formations;
• dysplasia, non-healing erosions;
• endometriosis, cyst.

Excision is contraindicated if:

• the patient is pregnant or breastfeeding;
• the woman started menstruating;
• An infection in the genitourinary system was detected.

Preparation

Before the operation, the patient must undergo a comprehensive examination. First, complaints are assessed and the anamnesis is studied. Then a gynecological examination is performed. An extended colposcopy, cytological and histological examination, tests for sexually transmitted infections, a study of the hormonal background and the state of the immune system may be prescribed.

Cytological examination helps to analyze the state of the epithelium in inflammatory processes and neoplasms, and also allows monitoring the effectiveness of the prescribed treatment. The sensitivity of the method is within 50-90%, the specificity is 86 - 97%. The highest quality results are obtained using liquid cytology.

An accessible and highly informative diagnostic method is colposcopy. However, its results may be somewhat subjective.

Cervical pathologies may be caused by infections. Therefore, molecular biological tests are performed to detect proliferation markers. Biopsy is a standard examination procedure used in many countries. Histology uses point or excisional biopsy, as well as diagnostic curettage of the canal.

If conization is to be performed under general anesthesia, an electrocardiogram, general and biochemical blood tests, general urine analysis, and a blood clotting test are also performed.

Laser excision of the cervix

One of the most popular methods. Can be performed using high-intensity or low-power laser radiation. The surgeon chooses which equipment to use.

A high-intensity laser is like a scalpel: it cuts tissue with certainty and precision. Therefore, bleeding is very minor: less than when using other, less modern, methods of cervical excision.

A low-intensity laser allows you to actually evaporate the cervix. This method is called vaporization. It can also be used to perform conization of the cervix. The operation using a low-power laser is usually performed on women aged around forty who have not yet given birth and who have developed moderate dysplasia. The main advantage of this method is that it can completely evaporate the affected tissue, avoiding the formation of scar tissue.

Radio wave excision of the cervix

The operation involves specialized high-frequency devices. They emit electromagnetic waves of different frequencies. The generated radio wave penetrates through, warming up the tissue at the point of contact. Radiosurgical excision of the cervix makes it possible to avoid surgical intervention in its classical sense and minimize recovery time. The method is good for its simplicity and low probability of subsequent complications.

Loop excision of the cervix

Refers to electrosurgical operations. The technique involves placing electrodes on the diseased tissue. They transmit electricity, ensuring tissue coagulation along with adjacent blood vessels. This method minimizes blood loss and the appearance of nodular and cicatricial formations. Electrical excision of the cervix is performed using a special loop, which is needed to take a sample, and is performed under local anesthesia.

Diathermoexcision of the cervix

In case of dysplasia and detection of polyps on the walls of the cervix, diathermoelectroexcision is used. The operation is performed using a spherical electrode, which is applied to the lesion. Then the area is coagulated. The operation lasts up to 30 minutes under local anesthesia. With diathermoelectroexcision, scars often appear on the previously affected tissue. Then pregnancy after excision of the cervix will end in traumatic childbirth. Scars greatly affect the elasticity of the tissue, which leads to ruptures during childbirth. Therefore, diathermoelectroexcision is almost never used for women who have not given birth.

Of all the techniques considered for performing cervical excision, the most preferable are laser or radio wave: these types of surgery are recognized as the most effective and safe.

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Folk remedies

Using healing herbs after excision of the cervix will help speed up tissue recovery. Herbs are used in cases of small tissue lesions, otherwise complications may arise, and the state of health will only worsen. Decoctions for douching and tampons are prepared from plants and herbs, and herbal tincture can also be taken.

After excision of the cervix, tissue healing will occur quickly if you additionally support the body with folk remedies and follow the recommendations of the attending physician. And then, in a few weeks, health will be restored.

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Consequences and complications after excision of the cervix

Cervical excision is fraught with possible complications:

• itching that causes discomfort for several weeks;
• severe bleeding;
• development of infection;
• formation of scars in the cervical canal;
• pain and spasms if the affected area or excision sites occupy a significant area.

There are no further complications with conceiving, carrying a child or giving birth after excision of the cervix. However, if a significant area of the cervix was removed during the operation or the operation had to be performed more than once, this may entail consequences. Firstly, a decrease in the ability to conceive, and secondly, an increase in the likelihood of late miscarriages or premature births.

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Rehabilitation period

After excision of the cervix, the woman stays in the hospital for several hours: until the pressure and heartbeat are normalized. Then the patient can undergo rehabilitation at home.

After excision of the cervix, the attending physician develops a plan of therapy, examinations and tests to monitor the results of treatment.

Factors that slow down recovery after surgery:

• menstruation during surgery;
• pregnancy or lactation;
• genitourinary infections;
• overweight.

To avoid complications, you need to follow certain rules. After the operation, it is recommended to abstain from sexual activity for a month; limit lifting weights (maximum 3 kg), exclude sports activities; do not steam in a sauna or bathhouse, take baths, swim in a pool or ponds. It is prohibited to take blood thinning medications. Complete restoration of the cervix occurs after -6 weeks. Bloody brownish discharge after excision of the cervix usually lasts about 10-12 days. In this case, there is no reason to worry. Prolonged heavy bleeding, discharge with pus, high temperature, severe spasms, pain should alert you. In this case, you need to urgently consult a doctor.