Eggs of pinworms in feces in children: symptoms, treatment, how to get rid

A common parasitic disease among adults and children is enterobiosis. Consider the causes of the disease, its pathogen, the route of infection and the methods of treatment.

Egg eggs (enterobius vermicularis) - this is the most common form of helminthiosis. They belong to the genus of nematodes, that is, round worms. The highest level of infection in children, according to various statistics, from 25 to 100%. It is they who bring parasites into the family, infecting adults.

• The main cause of enterobiasis is the contact-household way of infection. Eggs of worms, allocated to the sick, are transferred to household items, clothes, food. In some cases, carriers are insects, for example, flies or cockroaches.
• Parasites live in the human intestine. Their life cycle begins with swallowing eggs with food or water. Getting into the small intestine, microscopic larvae appear from them, which within 20 days turn into adult individuals.
• Gradually, the helminths migrate into the large intestine, where they live about 4-6 weeks. During this time, sexually mature females lay eggs, crawling out of the rectum through the anus. At the same time, there can be more than 10-15 thousand eggs in one clutch.

It is the migration of pinworms in the perinatal area that causes unpleasant symptoms that allow one to suspect infection. There is a strong itch in the area of the anus, intensifying at night. If the patient touches the itchy tissues on which there are parasite eggs, they will stick to the fingers and fall under the fingernails, from which they can enter the mouth or other objects. This leads to a re-infection and a new generation of worms.

[1], [2], [3], [4]

How do the pinworm eggs look?

Infected with nematodes, people often wonder about how the eggs look like pinworms. Adult parasites can be seen in the stool with the naked eye. They look like small bits of white thread. Eggs can be seen only under a microscope, they are oval, flattened on one side, and convex on the other.

• The adult female is 10 mm long.
• The adult male is 5 mm in length.

The worm has a pointed torso. This feature became the basis of the name of the parasite. In the female, the distal end is bent towards the abdomen. Pinworm is attached to the walls of the intestine with a special device - a small swelling near the mouth opening.

Dimensions

Eggs of pinworms are so small that they can be seen only under a microscope. The sizes of adult individuals reach 5-10 mm. They have an oval asymmetric shape and a colorless shell, which consists of two contours. In feces they look like white thin strings.

Despite the fact that the eggs of the helminth are small in size and indistinguishable without special equipment, they are very contagious. Adult females lay them in a huge amount from 5 to 15 thousand. After 5-6 hours, larvae mature in them, which gradually turn into sexually mature individuals, repeating the cycle of the preceding ones.

[5], [6]

How many eggs do pinworms live?

How many pinworm eggs live, depends entirely on the temperature regime and humidity of the external environment. The optimum conditions for survival are temperatures from 20-40 degrees and increased humidity of air - about 90%. In such an environment, the viability of parasites persists for several months.

Elevated or lower temperatures quickly kill worms. That is why taking out the frost, boiling or processing the infected things by the steam destroys the helminths.

Symptoms of enterobiasis

In people infected with pinworm eggs, signs characteristic of this pathology appear. Symptoms depend on the number of parasites and the characteristics of the patient's body. Most often, patients complain about such problems:

• Itching of the anus (spot).
• Attacks of nausea and vomiting.
• Dryness in the mouth.
• Cramping in the abdomen.
• Impairment of appetite.
• Frequent urge to defecate.
• Diarrhea with mucus or constipation.
• Headaches and dizziness.
• Sleep disturbances.
• Decreased concentration of attention.
• Vulvovaginitis in women.
• Skin allergic rashes.
• Convulsions.
• Bed-wetting.

If the disease of dirty hands proceeds in mild form, then after falling asleep the patient has a slight itch in the perianal area. As a rule, this symptom persists for 1-3 days, then disappears and again makes itself felt in 2-3 weeks. This periodicity is associated with a change in the generations of worms due to reinfusion. If there is a large number of worms in the intestine (massive infection), the itching is permanent and very painful.

Isolate and secondary manifestations of enterobiasis in the body. Regular scratching of the anus circumference leads to abrasions, secondary bacterial infections of the skin and dermatitis, which significantly aggravate the course of the disease. Some infectious people develop intestinal disorders - a frequent stool with mucus impurities, small erosions, irritation of the mucosa of the inner and outer sphincters.

In the severe course of helminthic invasion, headaches and dizziness, insomnia appear. Possible symptoms of neurasthenia and psychasthenia. In medical practice, cases of enterobiotic appendicitis caused by a combination of infection with worms and a secondary bacterial infection are documented. In women, the creeping of worms into the genital organs causes severe vulvovaginitis and purulent lesions. There are also cases of enterobiosis endometritis and irritation of the pelvic peritoneum.

Eggs of pinworms in children

The most common type of worms, which causes the development of enterobiasis, are pinworms. Oyster eggs in children are diagnosed more often than in other categories of the population. Such statistics are related to the peculiarities of infection by parasites.

Ways of infection:

1. Oral-household - worms get into the children's body from dirty hands, unwashed vegetables and fruits, household items, toys.
2. Contact - parasites fall into the hands of the patient, who carries them when contacting family members and other people.
3. Self-infection - occurs due to non-compliance with hygiene rules. When a child begins to scratch strongly, because of what the eggs fall on their hands, repeating the cycle of infection.

Most often, the worms enter the body from unwashed vegetables or fruits. That is why the infection was called "sickness of dirty hands". In the intestine, eggs are transformed into larvae that feed on its contents. Reaching the sexually mature stage, the parasite begins to multiply actively. During this period, females, moving through the large intestine and rectum, lay around 10-15 thousand future nematodes around the anus.

During this period, there is a characteristic symptomatology, which allows parents to suspect a helminthic infestation in a child:

• Itching in the anal region, intensifying at night.
• Vaginal itching in girls.
• Disorders of digestion and appetite.
• Tearfulness, capriciousness.
• Fast fatiguability.
• Skin allergic reactions.
• Pale face and skin due to lower hemoglobin levels.
• Signs of intoxication by the products of vital activity of pinworms.

The child begins to complain of a strong itch in the pope and comb the place of the lesion. Unpleasant sensations are due to the fact that when laying eggs, the female injects into tissue isovaleric acid. With strong combing of the tissues, wounds appear that can inflame and flow into secondary infections (dermatitis, vulvovaginitis, allergies). In the case of self-infection and a large number of parasites, the child may experience attacks of nausea and vomiting, develop toxic lesions of the nervous system due to secretion of toxins by helminths.

For the diagnosis of pinworm eggs in children, it is necessary to hand over feces and scraping for enterobiasis from perianal folds. To obtain reliable results, it is better to pass the analysis in the morning, that is, before going to the toilet and hygienic procedures. When confirming the diagnosis, the doctor prescribes a course of treatment. The therapy is not only the baby, but the whole family. In addition to the medicamental approach, it is necessary to carefully clean the house, wash and iron the bed and underwear, disinfect toys and other household items.

Reception of preparations for destruction of parasites lasts 3-5 days with a repeated course in 2 weeks. It should be borne in mind that anthelmintic agents lead to the death of worms, which are gradually destroyed, but remain in the body of the child. Because of this, there are signs of intoxication: headaches, dizziness, poor appetite, nausea, gastrointestinal disorders. To prevent such symptoms, immediately after antihelminthic drugs, you must start taking sorbents. They will remove toxic substances from the child's body without side effects.

Eggs of pinworms are almost every child. To prevent infection, you should ensure that the baby is washing his hands after each visit to the toilet or returning from a walk, thoroughly wash raw vegetables and fruits, if possible, handle baby toys, especially those that are on the street. In most cases, timely and properly conducted hygiene measures significantly reduce the risk of infection.

[7]

Diagnostics

To identify parasitic infection, the patient must pass the appropriate tests. Diagnosis is carried out using microscopy of perianal scrapings. Analysis for enterobiasis should be done in the morning before defecation and before hygiene procedures. It is carried out in two ways: by means of an adhesive tape (attach to the anal opening) and a cotton bud with vaseline.

Such a diagnosis can give false-negative results, since the female pinworms do not lay eggs every day. For this, microscopy is carried out 2-3 times every two weeks.

In this case, the usual analysis of feces on egg pinworms is not informative. This is due to the fact that the eggs are not deposited in the intestines, but near the anus. The patient is also given a general blood test. With parasitic infestation, the level of eosinophils has been raised. This indicates an allergic reaction of the body to the introduction of helminth. If an inflammatory reaction is observed, this indicates a complicated course of invasion from the gastrointestinal tract.

[8], [9]

Perianal scraping on pinworm eggs

The procedure for collecting a biomaterial around the anus for the diagnosis of enterobiasis is a perianal scraping on pinworm eggs. This analysis allows you to determine the presence of parasites with an accuracy of 90%. Before he surrenders, you need to do a little preparation to get reliable results:

• Do not visit the toilet before scraping.
• Do not dabble, as you can wash off all the eggs of pinworms.
• Do not take laxative a day before the procedure.

Scraping is performed with a cotton swab, adhesive tape or a wooden spatula. If the procedure is carried out at home and a cotton swab is used, it should be placed in a sealed, clean container after analysis. Adhesive tape should be delivered for examination to the laboratory within 8 hours after sampling.

Perianal scraping is taken very quickly. The results of the analysis can be obtained in a day, since the material is valid for 24 hours. If the result is negative, but there are symptoms of invasion, then the verification algorithm is repeated after 2-3 days. It should also be noted that the diagnostic result is valid for 10 days. Upon their expiration, the analysis must be repeated.

Blank for scraping eggs on pinworm eggs

Taking perianal scrapings for enterobiasis is a mandatory procedure for both adults and children. The analysis is appointed in such cases:

• Before the child enters the preschool or school.
• Before admission to inpatient treatment.
• For a visit to the swimming pool.
• At registration of the medical book.

The results obtained during the study are recorded in a special form for scraping eggs and pinpointing of stool.

The form looks like this:

Macroscopic examination	Results
Consistency
The form
Colour
Smell
Remains of undigested food
Slime:
over stool
in mixture with feces
Pus
Blood
Parasites
Microscopic examination	Results
Detritus
Vegetable fiber
Starch
Muscle and connective fibers
Fat:
neutral
fatty acid
of soap
Cells of intestinal epithelium in mucus
Crystals
Parasites
PH reaction
Pigments of blood (hidden blood)
Soluble protein
Microflora
Other studies

 

Normally, the analysis should not contain traces of parasites. But since pinworms lay eggs with a certain periodicity and often change generations, to obtain reliable data, the analysis is carried out 3 times with an interval of 1-3 days. Symptoms of infection are noted in the form in this way:

1. If single worm larvae are identified, that is, a weak invasion, then the blank is put +.
2. If several eggs of parasites are scraped, that is, an average degree of infection, then ++ is noted.
3. With a high degree of invasiveness and a large number of helminths put +++.

A negative result of the study can also be in the presence of pinworms. False negative data appear with a single fence of the biomaterial. Similar is observed in 50% of cases. Sometimes the immune system suppresses the vital activity of parasites, so their presence can be judged only by local symptoms. All of the above cases require treatment.

[10]

Eggs of pinworms in feces

In order to get rid of parasites in a timely manner, it is necessary to regularly test for various parasitic infestations. This is especially true for children, since this particular category of the population is most susceptible to infection.

For diagnostics, a special scraping is performed, as the eggs of the pinworm in the feces may not be detected, since the mature individual seldom enters the stool. With massive helminthic invasion, excrement shows adult pinworms, which look like thin fragments of a white thread.

If you do not start treatment in time, it can lead to serious complications. First of all, this is due to the fact that worms have an allergic, toxic and mechanical effect on the living organism. Their presence can cause various violations of the gastrointestinal tract and the process of urination, even cause inflammation of the genitals. Timely appeal for medical care and treatment, can help prevent the above problems.

[11], [12], [13]

Analysis for pinworm eggs

In the presence of symptoms characteristic for helminthic invasion, it is necessary to consult a doctor (therapist, infectious disease specialist) and undergo diagnostics. An analysis for egg pinworm can be carried out in a clinic or at home. To do this, use a method of adhesive tape or scraping. In some cases, the delivery of feces is prescribed. It is extremely important that the biomaterial reaches the laboratory, no later than 8 hours after its collection.

During the research, the laboratory assistant checks the presence of parasites in feces and scrapings. If the analysis is positive, the patient is prescribed a course of treatment. Therapy is indicated for both dead and live pinworms in feces. Since the hospital sheet is not opened with enterobiosis, this can cause significant inconveniences, especially if parasitic infection is severe.

[14], [15], [16]

How to take an analysis for pinworm eggs?

Getting the direction for the diagnosis of helminthic invasion, you need to know how to pass the analysis on the eggs of pinworms. First of all, you should properly prepare for the study:

• A week before it should stop taking antibacterial, diuretic and antidiarrhoeal drugs.
• The use of alcoholic beverages, fried and fatty foods is temporarily prohibited.
• If blood donation for helminthiasis is prescribed, then you should refrain from eating, drinking, or taking the test.
• If scraping is prescribed, it is not recommended to wash or defecate before it is performed.

The smear is taken with the help of a sticky tape, a wooden spatula or a cotton swab. To obtain reliable data, analysis of the contents of the scraping is carried out on the same day. A smear is best done in the morning, as a female pinworm lays eggs at night. If there are no parasites in the scrapings, but there are symptoms of infection, then other tests are prescribed:

1. This can be a study of the stool on the eggs of the worms. The accuracy of this method is significantly lower than that of the smear, but with its help not only intestinal parasites are determined, but also their larvae and eggs. To conduct the analysis, it is necessary to collect the morning feces in a special container and hand them over to the laboratory.
2. Another version of the analysis for egg pinworms is an enzyme immunoassay. This method is used extremely rarely because of its high cost. But it has 100% accuracy. The analysis shows not only the type of parasites, but also the stage of infection, the number of worms in the body. For the study, blood from the vein is taken.

What if the pinworm eggs are found?

If the results of the performed tests have confirmed enterobiosis, then you need to know how to treat this condition and what to do. If eggs of pinworms are found, then for their elimination it is possible to use both medicamentous and non-medicinal methods.

1. Non-drug therapy

This method is indicated for patients who have certain contraindications to anthelmintic drugs. It is based on careful hygiene procedures to prevent re-invasion.

• Wash your hands thoroughly with soap after going out or going to the toilet.
• Do not gnaw your nails and do not take your hands in your mouth (especially important for children).
• At the time of treatment, the patient must always be in underwear and restrict access to the genitals and anus, that is, to minimize the risk of combing the skin.
• Change bed linen daily, pre-ironing it with a hot iron.
• Wash with soap in the morning and evening.

To facilitate itching, you can make soda enemas. Take ½ teaspoon of soda for 250 ml of boiled water at room temperature. To the perianal area, you can apply a cotton swab moistened with vaseline for the night, which will prevent the movement and spread of parasites.

2. Medication

This method is more reliable, as it guarantees a quick disposal of parasites. The medication is prescribed by the attending physician, individually for each patient. It can be a one-time medication or a course of therapy for 3-5 days. As a rule, such treatment is carried out in two courses with an interval of two weeks.

Medicinal products cause death of worms, but do not promote their excretion from the body. For this purpose, in addition to antihelminthic tablets, it is recommended to take sorbents: Lactofiltrum, Polyphepanum, Smecta.

For successful and fast treatment of pinworms, it is possible to use complex therapy, which is carried out according to the following scheme:

• Sorbent for 3-5 days.
• Cleansing enema.
• One-time administration of an anthelmintic preparation.
• Cleansing enema.

At each stage, hygiene procedures should be strictly followed. The course should be repeated after 2 weeks. Also, do not forget about preventive methods that will prevent re-infection.

How to get rid of pinworm eggs?

Surely all patients who have been diagnosed with enterobiosis are interested in the question of how to get rid of pinworm eggs. It is quite simple to destroy parasites. But it is up to the doctor to decide which method will be more effective and appropriate, and individually for each patient. The doctor takes into account the characteristics of the patient's body and the available contraindications, the degree of infection with helminths.

Patients are prescribed anthelmintic drugs with different active components. Against the backdrop of drug therapy should be strictly observed and hygienic measures. To prevent the spread of eggs, it is necessary to take a shower every day, wash with soap after each visit to the toilet, monitor the cleanliness of the hands and foods eaten.

To prevent secondary infection, bed and underwear should be changed daily. Wash clothes only in hot water with the addition of powders and other household chemicals. It is also necessary to process all household items with which the patient is in contact: carpets, pillows, toys, rugs, etc. They can be carried to the frost, since low temperatures are fatal for pinworm eggs.

At what temperature do the eggs die?

To combat parasites, there are many curative and preventive methods. Not unimportant factor, allowing to destroy helminths is the temperature. Favorable environment for the development of pinworms is + 35-40 ° С with a humidity of at least 70%. If the moisture level decreases, then the development of worms stops.

Knowing at what temperature, eggs of pinworms die, you can quickly destroy them and prevent the appearance. You can fight with parasites both high and low temperatures.

Consider the pattern of death of worms, their larvae and eggs at low temperatures:

• -40 ° C - most parasites will die in 2-3 hours.
• -25 ° C - adult pinworms and larvae perish for 72 hours.
• -30 ° С - worms will be destroyed in 6 hours.
• -18 ° С (shock freezing in domestic home refrigerators) - food is disinfected for 96 hours.

Such measures for the neutralization of products are used in supermarkets and large grocery stores where meat and fish are stored at low temperatures. When buying fruits and vegetables, it is better to store them in the refrigerator, so that the eggs of the pinworms, which may be on their surface, lose their invasive properties. In addition to products, low temperatures are effective in cleaning household items. So, washed laundry can be carried to the frost, and the infected toys pre-treated with soapy water and also put out to fresh frosty air.

Not only low temperature can destroy worms. Parasites are rendered harmless during cooking, washing, ironing and steaming.

• At + 70 ° C, the parasite and its eggs will be destroyed within 5-20 seconds.
• At + 60 ° C, pinworms die within five minutes.
• At + 50 ° C worms live no more than 10 minutes.

Proceeding from this, it can be concluded that washing clothes at +70 ° C, cooking fish / meat products with frying, processing vegetables or fruits with boiling water completely kills worms.

[17], [18], [19]

Is it possible to kill egg eggs with ultraviolet light?

According to the studies carried out, sunbathing, that is, ultraviolet baths do not affect parasitic invasion. Also quartz - treatment of air by ultraviolet irradiator for destruction of bacteria, viruses and microbes is not effective also. That is, the answer to the question, whether it is possible to kill the eggs of pinworms by ultraviolet, is negative.

Effective destruction of parasite eggs from bed and underwear is achieved by washing at high temperatures and ironing the laundry. The disinfection of toys can be carried out in a hot airborne disinfection room at a temperature of + 50 ° C for 10 minutes. For disinfection of laboratory equipment in helminthiases, boiling or placing instruments for 6-8 hours in a container with 10% solution of lysol or 5% solution of carbolic acid is shown.

Does the alcohol kill the pinworm eggs?

Some patients are interested in the question of whether the alcohol kills the eggs of pinworms. To begin with, it should be understood that any alcoholic beverage contains a molecule of ethanol, but in different percentages. Ethanol is effective against a wide range of harmful microorganisms, including helminths (worms, pinworms).

It was experimentally confirmed that a solution consisting of 70% pure ethanol is suitable for disinfection. Such a substance is produced under the name ethyl alcohol 70% and is used in medicine for disinfection. In order to destroy parasites, they must be in direct contact with alcohol. Death is based on the denaturation of proteins of microorganisms.

As for alcohol, for example, vodka, which has 40% of the revolutions, then such solutions do not affect the parasites. That is, for the destruction of pinworms, the intestine should be practically treated with ethyl alcohol 70%, which is fatal for any living creature.

Attempts to withdraw pinworms with the help of alcohol can have a negative result. Getting with food into the intestines, alcohol reaches the second half of the small intestine, where intestinal worms live, but it does not act on them. Of course, a full stomach of strong alcohol can kill a couple of worms, but it will bring much more harm. As a result of such therapy, the immune system will suffer greatly, increasing the risk of any infection, including repeated parasitic invasion.

[20], [21], [22]

Drugs from egg pinworms

Treatment of enterobiasis should be handled by a doctor. Drugs from pinworm eggs are prescribed after a comprehensive diagnosis. Selecting drugs, the doctor takes into account the individual characteristics of the patient's body (age, the presence of chronic diseases, intolerance to certain medications), the stage and extent of infection.

A positive therapeutic effect is possible both with prolonged use of anthelmintic agents, and with a single admission. Many medicines act on larvae and adults. Anthelmintic therapy should be combined with the use of antihistamines, enterosorbents and antiseptics, which eliminate the severe consequences of enterobiasis.

Effective drugs for pinworm eggs :

1. Albendazole

Medicinal product with anthelmintic activity. It affects the polymerization of β-tubulin, destroys it. This leads to a disruption in the absorption of helminth nutrition and their death. The drug is effective against larval forms and adults.

• Indications for use: enterobiosis, neurocysticercosis, echinococcosis (with lesions of the abdominal cavity, liver and lungs), arachnoidal intragastric cysts, ascaridosis, trichonelosis, opisthorchiasis, giardiasis, ankylostomiasis, mixed helminthiases.
• Usage: tablets are taken orally, after eating, with water. If pinworms should be taken 400 mg once or divided into two doses during the day for 200 mg. Therapy is repeated after 21 days.
• Side effects: headaches, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, abdominal pain, increased activity of hepatic enzymes, pancytopenia, reversible alopecia, impaired renal function, hypertension, skin allergic reactions. Overdosing is manifested by increased adverse reactions.
• Contraindications: patients younger than 2 years, pregnancy and lactation, intolerance of the drug components. With special care, the medicine is taken with cirrhosis of the liver, retinal pathologies with cysticercosis, oppression of bone marrow hematopoiesis.

Albendazole has a tabletted form of release, 3 tablets in a package, each in a dosage of 400 mg.

2. Vermox

Anthelmintic preparation of a wide spectrum of action. Has high efficiency with enterobiosis and trichocephalosis.

• Indications for use: ascaridosis, infection with pinworms, ankylostomiasis, trichocephalosis, helminthiases of mixed etiology.
• Method of application: patients of children and adults are prescribed 1 tablet (100 mg) once. To prevent re-invasion, it is shown again after 2 and 4 weeks at that dosage.
• Side effects: dizziness, head and abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, skin allergic reactions.
• Overdose: abdominal pain, reversible liver function abnormalities, hepatitis, neutropenia, nausea and vomiting, stool disorders. For treatment, you should wash the stomach and take activated charcoal.
• Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, patients younger than two years, liver failure, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, pregnancy and lactation.
• Overdose: spasms in the abdominal cavity, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting. There is no specific antidote, therefore, symptomatic treatment is indicated. It is recommended to wash the stomach with an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate 20 mg / 100 ml of water.

The drug has a tablet form of release, 6 tablets in a package with a dosage of 100 mg each.

3. Helmintox

The drug with the active substance - pyrantel. It has anthelmintic properties at different stages of their development.

• Indications for use: ascarid invasion, enterobiosis, ankylostomidosis.
• Method of administration: tablets are prescribed for patients older than 6 years. For children weighing more than 12 kg and younger than 6 years, a suspension is indicated. Dosage calculates by the formula the patient's body weight (kg) / 12.5. The course of treatment is 2-3 days.
• Side effects: nausea, headaches and dizziness, hallucinations, diarrhea, drowsiness, abdominal pain, hyperthermia, sleep disorders, paresthesia, skin allergic reactions, hearing impairment, increased transaminase activity. Overdosing is manifested by increased adverse reactions. Treatment is symptomatic.
• Contraindications: myasthenia gravis, liver failure, intolerance of the drug components. With special care the medicine is prescribed for patients of child age, with pregnancy and lactation, liver pathologies.

Helminthox is available in tablet form (6 tablets 125 mg / package or 3 tablets 250 mg / package) and in the form of a suspension (15 ml in a vial).

4. Dekaris

Drug for the destruction of worms, pinworms and other parasitic worms. Has a wide range of action. A single dose causes paralysis and death of parasites.

• Indications for use: ascaridosis, ankylostomosis, non-carotid, strongyloidiasis, trichostrongylosis, trichocephalosis, enterobiosis.
• Directions for use: by mouth after the last meal, that is before bedtime. For adults, 150 mg for children is 2.5 mg / kg body weight.
• Side effects: abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea. Adverse reactions or symptoms of an overdose are not fixed.

The medicine is available in the form of tablets: 1 pc. On 150 mg or 2 pieces. On 50 mg.

5. Mebendazole

Synthetic anthelminthic agent. Has a wide range of action. Especially effective in infections caused by intestinal nematodes.

• Indications for use: ascaridosis, trichocephalosis, enterobiosis, strongyloidiasis, teniosis, ankylostomidosis, mixed worm infestations.
• Directions for use: by mouth, swallowing whole and with water, crushing or adding to food. With egg pinions, the recommended dose is 100 mg once and repeated after 2-4 weeks.
• Side effects: headaches and dizziness, fatigue, pain in the abdominal and epigastric region, stool disorders, various allergic reactions, reversible alopecia, hematuria, hepatitis.
• Contraindications: intolerance of active and auxiliary components of the drug, severe violations of the function of baking, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, pregnancy and lactation, patients younger than 2 years. With special care is prescribed for people with diabetes.
• Overdose: various disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, violations of the liver, neutropenia, hepatitis. There is no specific antidote, symptomatic therapy is indicated.

Mebendazole is available in the form of tablets for oral administration of 6 in one package and in the form of chewable capsules.

In addition to the above drugs, for treatment can be appointed: Mebeks, Medamin, Nemozol, Piperazin, Pirantel, Telmox. Simultaneously with antihelminthic drugs should take and antihistamines, for example: Zodak, Loratidin, Tsetrin. They will help to avoid severe itching and spreading pinworms on the body due to scratching of the skin.

In addition to drug therapy, treatment of enterobiasis can be carried out in unconventional ways. Consider the most popular alternative treatments for pinworms:

1. For children

• Take 250 ml of boiled water at room temperature and dissolve in it 1 teaspoon of sea baking soda. Enema should be done 3-4 times a day for 2 days.
• Medicinal properties are sedentary baths with warm water and washing with tar soap. The duration of the procedure should be at least 20 minutes, after which the child needs to be washed and put on clean clothes. Therapy is carried out for 5-7 days every evening.
• Rub on a small grater a large carrot and fill it with 1 liter of cow's milk. Bring the mixture to a boil and cook over low heat for 25 minutes. Judge and give the child 1 glass on an empty stomach. Duration of treatment is 3-4 days.

2. For adults

• Every morning during the week you need to eat on an empty stomach 100 peeled pumpkin seeds. After 30 minutes after this, take any laxative. To fix the effect, the treatment should be repeated in a week.
• Take the pickled cabbage brine (over 1 month) and take 250 ml each morning and evening after eating. Duration of therapy is 5-7 days.
• Take 1 large lemon and squeeze out the juice from it, mix with a teaspoon of sea salt and 250 ml of purified water. Take a drink in the morning on an empty stomach. The course of treatment is 3 days.
• One large onion peel and chop into a slurry. Add 1 teaspoon of sea salt and 50 ml of olive oil to the onions. The resulting mixture must be eaten before bedtime, washed down with water. Duration of treatment 5 days.

There are also effective methods of removing pinworms with the help of grasses:

• Take two teaspoons of dry shredded herb wormwood and centaury. Pour vegetable raw materials 250 ml of boiling water and cook for 15 minutes over medium heat. Take the drug on an empty stomach and before going to bed for 1 tablespoon.
• Pour two tablespoons of chopped dry thyme with 250 ml of boiling water. Brew infusion is better in a thermos. After cooling, strain, and take ½ cup. After two hours you should drink a saline solution (1 teaspoon of sea salt per 250 ml of water).
• Take in equal proportions the bark of oak and the grass of valerian. Pour all 250 ml of boiling water and let it brew for 4-6 hours. Take the medicine in the morning before eating. An hour after taking the infusion, you should eat a clove of garlic or drink 3 tablespoons of sunflower oil. Such therapy should last 10 days.
• Take in equal proportions pumpkin seeds and bitter wormwood. Pour the resulting mixture with vodka at the rate of 1: 2. The medicine should be infused for a week, after that it should be taken 50 ml before bedtime.

Before using both medication and non-pharmacological methods, you should consult an infectious disease specialist or a helminthologist. Self-medication is not permissible, since any anthelminthic agent has toxic effects, so it requires caution in the appointment and use.

[23], [24]

Prevention

The primary prevention of infection with pinworm eggs is to comply with the rules of personal hygiene. Secondary prevention is aimed at preventing re-infection and spread of the parasite. For this, the following activities are shown:

• Washing hands with soap after visiting the street or contacting a foreign object.
• Baking fresh vegetables and fruits.
• Thorough heat treatment (roasting) of fresh meat and fish before they are consumed.
• Washing of bed and underwear at high temperature with further ironing.
• If the house has children's toys, they should be thoroughly washed with a soap solution.
• Brush your nails short.
• If pets live in the house, they can carry pinworm eggs on their wool, although they are not prone to disease. Therefore, pets should be regularly washed and combed.

In some cases, it is very difficult to avoid helminthic invasion, especially in preschool and school institutions. Therefore, in order to protect yourself and your family as much as possible, you should take anthelmintic medications 1-2 times a year, but only in consultation with your doctor.

Forecast

Oyster eggs cause great harm to the human body, disrupting the functioning of its organs and systems. The prognosis of helminthic invasion is completely dependent on the timeliness of its diagnosis and the effectiveness of the prescribed treatment. If you leave enterobiosis without treatment, then this can lead to serious complications:

• Mechanical damage and the introduction of parasites into the mucous membranes of the digestive tract.
• Spot hemorrhages and erosion.
• Granulomas from epithelioid and giant cells and eosinophils on the peritoneum and mucous membrane of the uterus with inclusions of eggs of pinworms and their adult specimens.

Eggs of pinworms have a sensitizing effect on the body. In most cases this leads to the development of allergic reactions. Female worms can penetrate into the female genital organs, bringing bacteria from the intestine, causing inflammatory and purulent diseases. To prevent the aforementioned consequences, hygiene should be carefully observed, and with the first symptoms of pinworm infestation, consult a doctor for diagnosis and the course of anthelminthic therapy.

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