Infectious and parasitic diseases

Opisthorchiasis: an overview

Opisthorchosis (Latin opisthorchiasis, French opisthorchiase) is a natural focal biogelmintosis with a fecal-oral mechanism of transmission of the pathogen, characterized by a prolonged course and a predominant lesion of the hepatobiliary system and pancreas.

Pneumocystosis: treatment

Treatment of pneumocystosis in children without immunodeficiency states is currently the administration of trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole (120 mg four times a day), more often in combination with furazolidone (one tablet four times a day) or trichopole (four tablets per day) in for 1-2 weeks.

Pneumocystosis: diagnosis

Determining the causative agent is crucial to confirm the diagnosis of pneumocystosis. The main material for the study is sputum, bronchial secretion, washing water obtained from washing the bronchi or bronchoalveolar lavage, pieces of pulmonary tissue taken with transbronchial, percutaneous or open biopsy. Most often, due to the severe condition of the patient, these manipulations are not carried out to avoid complications.

Pneumocystosis: symptoms

In children of early age, pneumocystosis proceeds as a classical interstitial pneumonia with a clear correspondence to the stages of the pathological process. The disease begins gradually, typical symptoms of pneumocystosis occur: the child's appetite worsens, weight gain ceases, pancreatitis and cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle appear (especially with eating and crying), a slight cough.

Pneumocystosis: causes and pathogenesis

P. Jiroveci is a microorganism whose taxonomic position is not defined. Most researchers attribute it to the simplest (subtype Sporozoa, class Haplospora). But in recent years, information has accumulated that, according to nucleotide sequences of ribosomal RNA, pneumocysts are closer to fungi. It is an extracellular parasite with a predominant tropism to the lung tissue that affects the first and second order pneumocytes.

Pneumocystosis: an overview

Pneumocystosis (pneumocystosis, pneumocystis pneumonia) is an opportunistic infectious disease caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly known as Pneumocystis carinii), characterized by the development of pneumocystis pneumonia. In connection with the possible defeat of other organs and systems, the term "pneumocystosis" is more justified.

Cryptosporidiosis: Treatment

The prognosis in patients with HIV infection in the stage of AIDS is unfavorable: the disease develops at a very low immune status, effective etiotropic treatment is absent, even with adequate pathogenetic and antiretroviral therapy, the number of CD4 lymphocytes does not have time to rise to a protective level. In patients with a normal number of CD4-lymphocytes or insignificant immunodeficiency, the prognosis is favorable.

Cryptosporidiosis: diagnosis

The laboratory diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis does not reveal any specific changes. Severe course of cryptosporidiosis develops with a pronounced immunodeficiency (the number of CD4-lymphocytes is below 0.1x109 / L), therefore, changes characteristic of its manifestations (eg, leukopenia and erythrocytopenia) are recorded in the analyzes.

Cryptosporidiosis: Causes and Pathogenesis

The cause of cryptosporidiosis is coccidia of the genus Cryptosporidium, family Cryptosporidiae, class Sporozoasida, subclass Coccidiasina. The genus Cryptosporidium includes 6 species, of which P. Pervum is pathogenic for humans.

Cryptosporidiosis: an overview

Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidiosis) is a saprozonotic protozoal disease characterized by the defeat of the predominantly digestive tract and dehydration of the body. The transmission route is fecal-oral.

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