Diseases of the eyes (ophthalmology)

Medicinal maculopathy

Antimalarial drugs are melanotropic and are excreted from the body very slowly, which leads to their accumulation in melanin-containing structures of the eye, such as retinal pigment epithelium and choroid.

Cystic macular edema

Cystic macular edema is the result of fluid accumulation in the outer plexiform and inner nuclear layers of the retina in the center near the foveola with the formation of fluid-filled racemose formations.

Retinopathy in blood diseases

Retinopathy is characterized by hemorrhages, sometimes with a white spot in the center (Roth stains, cotton-like foci and crimp branches). Duration and type of anemia do not affect the appearance of these changes, which are more characteristic of concomitant thrombocytopenia.

Macroaneurysms of retinal arteries

Macroaneurysms of the retinal arteries are represented by local expansion of retinal arterioles, often 1, 2 and 3 orders. The most predisposed to them are elderly women with arterial hypertension; in 90% of cases the process is one-sided.

Sickle-cell retinopathy

Sickle-cell hemoglobinopathies are caused by the appearance of one or a complex of abnormal hemoglobins, as a result of which the erythrocytes acquire abnormal form under conditions of hypoxia and acidosis.

Hypertensive retinopathy

The primary reaction of retinal arterioles in response to systemic hypertension is narrowing (vasoconstriction). However, the degree of narrowing depends on the replacement volume of fibrous tissue (involutional sclerosis).

Ocular ischemic syndrome

Ocular ischemic syndrome is attributed to rare conditions resulting from secondary hypoperfusion of the eyeball in response to acute ipsilateral atherosclerotic stenosis of the carotid arteries.

Occlusion of retinal arteries

Atherosclerotic thrombosis at the level of the latticed plate remains the most common cause of occlusion of the central artery of the retina (about 80% of cases).

Retinal vein occlusion

Arteriolosclerosis is an important factor contributing to the development of occlusion of the branches of the central vein of the retina. Retinal arterioles and their corresponding veins have a common adventitial membrane ", so the thickening of the arterioles causes compression of the vein, if the arteriol is anterior to the vein.

Albinism

Albinism (oculocutaneous albinism) is a hereditary defect in the production of melanin, which leads to widespread hypopigmentation of the skin, hair and eyes; Deficiency of melanin (and, consequently, depigmentation) can be complete or partial, but all skin areas are affected.

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