Diseases of the heart and blood vessels (cardiology)

Myocardial infarction: diagnosis

Myocardial infarction should be assumed in men over the age of 30 and women over 40 years of age (in patients with diabetes mellitus - at a younger age) if the leading symptom is chest pain or discomfort.

Myocardial infarction: symptoms

Symptoms of myocardial infarction to some extent depend on the severity, localization of the obstruction of the artery and have a high variability. With the exception of cases of extensive heart attack, determining the prevalence of ischemia only on the basis of clinical manifestations presents difficulties.

Myocardial infarction: causes

Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) usually develop in cases when there is an acute thrombosis of an atherosclerotic coronary artery. Atherosclerotic plaque sometimes becomes unstable or inflames, which leads to its rupture. In this case, the contents of the plaque activate platelets and a cascade of coagulation, resulting in acute thrombosis.

Myocardial infarction: general information

Myocardial infarction develops because of acute obstruction of the coronary artery. The consequences depend on the degree of obstruction and range from unstable angina to myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevation (HSTHM), ST-ST elevation and sudden cardiac death.

Syndrome X: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Syndrome X is the dysfunction or constriction of the vessels of the microvasculature, leading to the onset of angina pectoris (angina pectoris).

Variable angina (angina of the Prinzmetal type)

Variant angina pectoris is angina due to spasm of the artery (Prinzmetal angina).

Stenocardia tension: treatment

Risk factors that are amenable to correction should be eliminated as much as possible. People with nicotine addiction should quit smoking: after 2 years of quitting, the risk of myocardial infarction decreases to a level in patients who never smoked.

Stenocardia tension: general information

Stenocardia tension - a clinical syndrome, consisting in the appearance of discomfort or pressure in the chest due to transient ischemia of the myocardium. These symptoms usually increase with exercise and disappear at rest, or when taking nitroglycerin under the tongue. The diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical manifestations, ECG data and myocardial imaging.

Ischemic heart disease: general information

Ischemic heart disease, most often associated with an atherosclerotic process, involves deterioration of the blood flow through the coronary arteries. Clinical manifestations of coronary heart disease (CHD) include painless ischemia, angina pectoris, acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina, myocardial infarction), and sudden cardiac death.

Orthostatic (postural) hypotension: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Orthostatic (postural) hypotension is a sharp drop in blood pressure (usually more than 20/10 mm Hg) when the patient makes a vertical position. For a few seconds or longer, fainting, loss of consciousness and confusion, dizziness, and visual impairment may occur.

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