Diseases of the heart and blood vessels (cardiology)

Violation of the rhythm and conduction of the heart: symptoms and diagnosis

Arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities can occur asymptomatically or cause a palpitations, symptoms of hemodynamic disorders (eg, dyspnea, chest discomfort, pre-syncope or fainting) or cardiac arrest

Violation of the rhythm and conductance of the heart

Normally, the heart contracts in a regular, coordinated rhythm. This process is provided by the generation and carrying out of electrical impulses by myocytes possessing unique electrophysiological properties, which leads to an organized reduction of the entire myocardium.

Heart failure

Heart failure is a consequence of a violation of filling or contraction of the ventricles of the heart, which determines a decrease in pumping function of the heart, accompanied by typical symptoms: shortness of breath and rapid fatigue. Cardiomyopathy is a general term for primary cardiac muscle diseases.

Restrictive cardiomyopathy: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RSCM) is a rare form of cardiomyopathy, characterized by diastolic filling of the ventricles due to their rigidity, in the absence, at least at the onset of the disease, of their significant hypertrophy or dilatation and normal (or almost normal) contractility.

Pulmonary edema

Pulmonary edema - acute severe left ventricular failure with pulmonary venous hypertension and alveolar edema. With swelling of the lungs there are pronounced dyspnea, sweating, wheezing and sometimes foamy sputum stained with blood.

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy is a myocardial lesion that develops due to various factors (genetic predisposition, chronic viral myocarditis, immune system disorders) and is characterized by a marked expansion of the heart chambers with a decrease in the systolic function of the left and right ventricles and the presence of diastolic dysfunction of varying degrees.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a congenital or acquired disease characterized by severe ventricular hypertrophy with diastolic dysfunction, but without increased afterload (unlike, for example, valvular aortic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, systemic arterial hypertension).

Myocardial infarction: prognosis and rehabilitation

Physical activity gradually increases during the first 3-6 weeks after discharge. The resumption of sexual activity, which often worries the patient, and other moderate physical activities are encouraged. If good cardiac function persists for 6 weeks after an acute myocardial infarction, most patients can return to normal activity.

Myocardial infarction: complications

Electrical dysfunction occurs in more than 90% of patients with myocardial infarction. Electrical dysfunction, which usually leads to death in the first 72 hours, includes tachycardia (from any source) with a sufficiently high heart rate, capable of reducing cardiac output and lowering blood pressure, an atrioventricular block of the Mobitz II type (2 degrees) or complete (grade 3), ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF).

Myocardial infarction: treatment

Treatment of myocardial infarction is aimed at reducing damage, excluding ischemia, limiting the infarction zone, reducing the burden on the heart and preventing or treating complications. Myocardial infarction - an emergency medical situation, the result depends largely on the speed of diagnosis and therapy.

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