Arteriovenous fistula is a pathological communication between the artery and the vein. Arteriovenous fistula can be congenital (usually in the field of small vessels) or acquired as a result of trauma (for example, bullet or stab wound) or the erosion of arterial aneurysm in an adjacent vein.
Varicose disease of the lower limbs - an expansion of the superficial veins of the lower extremities. Usually the obvious reason is missing. Varicose disease is usually asymptomatic, but there may be a feeling of overflow, pressure and pain or hyperesthesia in the legs.
Thrombosis of superficial veins of the legs - the formation of a thrombus in the superficial vein of the upper or lower limb, or (more rarely) in one or more veins of the chest or breast (Mondor's disease).
Chronic venous insufficiency is a modified venous outflow, sometimes causing discomfort in the lower limb, swelling and skin changes. Postphlebitic (post-thrombotic) syndrome - chronic venous insufficiency, accompanied by clinical symptoms.
Obliterating thromboangiitis is an inflammatory thrombosis of small arteries, medium sized arteries and some superficial veins causing arterial ischemia of the distal limbs and superficial thrombophlebitis.
Blood flow in the peripheral arteries can be severely disrupted due to closure of the vessel with a thrombus, embolus, with aortic dissection or acute DIC syndrome.
At the heart of this group of diseases is atherosclerosis of the arteries of the lower limbs, causing ischemia. A moderate degree of disease can be asymptomatic or cause intermittent claudication.
Fibroid dysplasia involves a heterogeneous group of non-atherosclerotic non-inflammatory changes in the arteries leading to vessel stenosis, occlusion, or the formation of aneurysms.
