Locally advanced prostate cancer (T3) is cancer that has spread beyond the prostate capsule with invasion of the paresis, bladder neck, seminal vesicles, but without lymph node involvement or distant metastasis.
Conservative treatment of prostate cancer (prostate cancer) is generally adequate only for patients over 70 years of age, with limited (T1a) stage disease and an expected life expectancy of less than 10 years.
Currently, the optimal diagnostic process for early and therefore timely detection of prostate cancer includes digital rectal examination, determination of the activity of serum PSA and its derivatives.
The most widely used classification is the Gleason classification (there are five gradations depending on the degree of loss of cell differentiation). The Gleason score is calculated by summing the two most frequently encountered categories in the preparation; it has important diagnostic and prognostic value.
Prostate cancer (cancer of the prostate gland) is a malignant tumor originating from the glandular epithelium of the alveolar-tubular structures, mainly in the peripheral zone of the prostate, and occurring more often in elderly men.
Testicular cancer begins as a scrotal mass that may be painful. Diagnosis is confirmed by ultrasonography and biopsy. Treatment includes orchiectomy and sometimes lymph node dissection, sometimes accompanied by radiation therapy and chemotherapy, depending on the histology and stage.
Transurethral resection of the bladder is the main method of treating its superficial neoplasms. The operation is performed under local (epidural) or general anesthesia. It should always begin and end with bimanual palpation of the bladder to stage the disease and identify intraperitoneal perforation.
Adjuvant therapy for bladder cancer is carried out by local administration of chemo- or immune drugs, which virtually eliminates the risk of complications of systemic treatment of bladder cancer.
Bladder cancer treatment involves a complex approach. Treatment depends on the stage determined by the TNM classification and includes surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
Bladder cancer - Symptoms are typical: hematuria, pain in the bladder, frequent urination. Signs such as pain in the side, pain in the bones indicate metastases of bladder cancer.
