Medical expert of the article
New publications
Degrees and stages of prostate cancer (prostate cancer)
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
All iLive content is medically reviewed or fact checked to ensure as much factual accuracy as possible.
We have strict sourcing guidelines and only link to reputable media sites, academic research institutions and, whenever possible, medically peer reviewed studies. Note that the numbers in parentheses ([1], [2], etc.) are clickable links to these studies.
If you feel that any of our content is inaccurate, out-of-date, or otherwise questionable, please select it and press Ctrl + Enter.
The most widespread classification of prostate cancer (prostate cancer) Glisson (there are five degrees, depending on the degree of loss of cell differentiation). The Glisson index is calculated by summing the two most common categories in the preparation, it has an important diagnostic and prognostic significance.
Currently, the clinical stage of prostate cancer (prostate cancer) is determined in accordance with the proposed by the International Anti-Cancer Union classification of the sixth edition (2002).
The following stages of prostate cancer (prostate cancer) are distinguished:
T1 - accidentally detected tumor (not palpable and not detectable with ultrasound).
- T1a is a randomly detected tumor (with TUR of the prostate), occupying less than 5% of resected tissue.
- T1b is a randomly detected tumor (with TUR of the prostate), occupying more than 5% of resected tissue.
- T1c is a non-palpable prostate tumor detected by biopsy under TRUS control: biopsy indications are an increase in PSA.
T2 - the tumor is confined to the prostate.
- T2a - the tumor takes no more than half of one lobe.
- T2b - the tumor occupies more than half of one lobe.
- T2c - the tumor is localized in both lobes.
T3 - the tumor sprouts beyond the capsule of the prostate.
- T3a - extracapsular tumor spread.
- T3b - extracapsular proliferation with invasion of seminal vesicles.
T4 - the tumor is fixed or sprouts into neighboring organs.
Nx - metastases in regional lymph nodes can not be evaluated.
N0 - no metastasis to the regional lymph nodes.
N1 - metastases in regional lymph nodes:
Mx - distant metastases can not be evaluated.
M0 - there are no distant metastases.
M1 - distant metastases.
- M1a - metastasis in the lymph nodes, not related to the regional.
- Mlb - metastases in the bone: nasal vesicles).
- M1c - metastases to other organs (rectum, seminal vesicles).
Estimates of the prevalence of the tumor within the prostate and its relation to nearby organs and tissues (category T), involvement of regional tumor nodes (category N) and the presence of distant metastases (category M). When determining the degree of local spread of the process, first of all, it is necessary to determine whether the tumor is confined to the prostate (localized forms of prostate cancer (T1c-T2c) or out of its capsule (T3a-T4b) .To assess the regional lymph nodes only when it is directly affects the therapeutic tactics - usually when planning radical treatment.
[Types of prostate cancer:
- fine-grained;
- large-scale;
- cribrous;
- papillary;
- solid trabecular;
- endometrioid;
- glandular-cystic;
- mucus-forming.