Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastroenterology)

Syndrome (disease) of Gardner

For the first time in 1951, E. J. Gardner, and 2 years later, E. J. Gardner and R. C. Richards described a peculiar disease characterized by multiple cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions occurring simultaneously with tumor lesions of the bones and tumors of soft tissues. Currently, this disease, combining polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract, multiple osteomas and osteofibromas, tumors of soft tissues, is called Gardner's syndrome.

Family adenomatous polyposis

Diffuse (familial) polyposis is a hereditary disease manifested by the classical triad: the presence of a multitude of polyps (of the order of several hundred) from the epithelium of the mucosa; family character of the lesion; localization of lesions throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The disease ends with the mandatory development of cancer as a result of malignant polyps.

Polyps of the large intestine

Why there are polyps of the large intestine, as well as tumors in general, is still unknown. The diagnosis of colon polyps is done with the help of a colonoscopy (with tumor biopsy or polypoid formation) and usually performed with the appearance of some symptoms or complications, as well as with the "expanded" clinical examination of certain populations with an increased risk of carcinomatosis.

Sarcoma of the small intestine: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Sarcoma of the small intestine is very rare. According to statistics, small intestine sarcoma is found in 0.003% of cases. Sarcoma of the small intestine is more common in men, moreover, at a relatively young age. The overwhelming number of sarcomas is related to round-cell and spindle cell lymphosarcomas.

Malignant tumors of the small intestine

Adenocarcinomas of the small intestine are rare. Tumors that occur in the area of the large papilla of the duodenum (feces), have a villous surface, usually ulcerated. In other departments, an endophytic growth type is possible, with the tumor stenosing the lumen of the intestine. Ringworm-cell carcinoma is extremely rare.

Benign tumors of the small intestine

Epithelial tumors of the small intestine are represented by an adenoma. It has the appearance of a polyp on the pedicle or on a broad base and can be tubular (adenomatous polyp), villous and tubulovorsinous. Adenomas in the small intestine are rarely seen, most often in the duodenum. A combination of adenoma of the distal ileum with adenomatosis of the colon is possible.

Injuries of the intestine: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

The greatest number of traumatic injuries of the intestine occurs during the wartime - these are mostly gunshot wounds and closed injuries due to the impact of the blast wave. During the Great Patriotic War, injuries to the colon accounted for 41.5% of all wounds of hollow organs. Out of all closed abdominal injuries, 36% were due to closed intestinal injuries; while in 80% of cases, the small intestine was damaged, and in 20% - thick.

Diverticulum of small intestine

Diverticular disease is a fairly common disease in developed countries and is characterized by the formation of either separate or multiple diverticula in almost all parts of the digestive tract, as well as in the urinary and gallbladder. Therefore, some authors currently use the term "diverticular disease" rather than the previously used "diverticulosis" terms.

Diverticulum of the large intestine

Diverticulum is a herniated formation in the wall of the hollow organ. By this term, for the first time in 1698, Ruysch designated a saccular protrusion in the ileal wall of the intestine. The first work on diverticula of the large intestine in humans was published by Morgagni in 1769, and the clinical picture of diverticulitis was described by Virchow in 1853.

Foreign bodies of the intestine

Foreign bodies of the intestine are found in 10-15% of cases in gastroenterological practice. Almost all obturating foreign bodies can be removed endoscopically, but sometimes surgical treatment is required.

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