Meniere's disease (endolymphatic hydrops, endolymphatic dropsy) is a disease of the inner ear caused by an increase in the amount of endolymph (labyrinth hydrops) and manifested by periodic attacks of systemic dizziness, tinnitus, and progressive hearing loss of the sensorineural type.
Otosclerosis (otospongiosis) is a disease of the organ of hearing caused by a focal pathological process in the bony labyrinth, often leading to fixation of the base of the stapes in the vestibular window, manifested by progressive, usually bilateral, hearing loss and tinnitus.
In acute sensorineural hearing loss, the most important goal is to restore hearing function. This goal can only be achieved if treatment is started as soon as possible.
In acquired sensorineural hearing loss, most patients do not have any warning signs of the disease. In some cases, hearing loss may be preceded by the appearance of noise or ringing in the ears.
In patients with sensorineural hearing loss, the first complaint is always about hearing loss in one or both ears, which is often accompanied by subjective noise in the ear(s).
About 30% of sensorineural hearing loss and deafness are of infectious origin. Viral infections are in first place - flu, mumps, measles, rubella, herpes, followed by epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, syphilis, scarlet fever and typhus.
Sensorineural hearing loss (sensorineural hearing loss, perceptual hearing loss, cochlear neuritis) is a form of hearing loss in which any part of the sound-perceiving part of the auditory analyzer is affected, starting from the sensory cells of the inner ear and ending with the cortical representation in the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex.
There are three clinical forms of otogenic sepsis: septicemia, septicopyemia and bacterial shock. A characteristic symptom of sepsis is hectic fever, accompanied by chills followed by profuse sweating. There may be several such sharp rises and falls in temperature during the day, so the temperature of the person is measured every 4 hours.
An abscess is a cavity filled with pus and separated from surrounding tissues and organs by a pyogenic membrane. Depending on the time of occurrence, otogenic abscesses are usually divided into early and late. Late abscesses are those that form after 3 months.
Otogenic diffuse purulent meningitis (leptomeningitis) is an inflammation of the pia and arachnoid membranes of the brain with the formation of purulent exudate and increased intracranial pressure.
