Defeat of the skin caused by arthropods

Crustaceans (sea shallow crayfish Cymothoidea) cause painful bites, attaching themselves to the hands or feet of a person. In places where they attach, there is a pinpoint bleeding, then a dermatitis clinic develops, which regresses within a week.

Scorpions with human bites cause acute pain, swelling and flushing of the skin, up to hemorrhage and necrosis. From their poison develops an acute toxic reaction, which (especially in children) can lead to collapse and even to death.

Spiders. After a bite of karakurt, acute pain and burning sensation, erythema, swelling, and then - papular-vesicular elements and densification of the skin quickly appear. After 10-30 minutes, a general toxic reaction develops, seizures, disseminated spotted-papular and vesicle-pustular rash. In 3-5% of cases, a lethal outcome is observed.

Bites of the tarantula are not dangerous, in the places of their attack there is only a local reaction (erythema, edema).

Pot-bellied tick causes cereal scabies. It lives in straw, on cereals, in old woods, mattresses. After attacking the mite, very itchy, reddish, small papules or papulesvezicles prone to pustulization appear on the person. Autosanation usually occurs within 2 weeks. Possible epidemic outbreaks.

Larvae of mites-reddish (live on beans, ivy, red currant bushes, gooseberries, grass) fall on a person while in the field, in the garden, in the forest and are introduced into the mouth of the hair follicles. After a few hours, a small edematous erythema appears in the suction site, then a papule or a vial, sometimes a small-pointed petechia, lymphadenitis is possible. Usually open areas of the body are affected. After the mites fall out (extract), the elements of the rash regress for a short time. The parasite is easily detected with the help of a magnifying glass: it looks like a red speck that densely sits at the mouth of the hair follicle.

Argas mites (up to 2 cm in length) are parasitic on wild and domestic animals, birds. After a tick bite (more often Ornithodorus) on the second day there are soreness and radially divergent erythema and edema. In the center of the element is often visible puncture hemorrhage or papula (vesiculopustula). During the next 2-3 days, inflammation builds up, the general condition is disrupted, a common urticaria and bullous rash appears. Regression of the rash is slow (4-5 weeks).

Gamasic ticks parasitize on birds and rodents. In places of bites (trunk and limbs) there are acute pain, burning, itching and hemorrhagic spot, around which there are erythematous spots, papulo-vesicles and urticaria. In the presence of hypersensitivity, rashes become widespread, accompanied by itching, pyodermic elements. Usually the rash regresses within 3-4 days (in the absence of complications).

Iksodid mites (usually "dog mite", beetle lumber) are blood-sucking parasites of humans and animals. A few hours later, a painless erythematous spot appears on the site of the bite, which gradually increases in size, then acquires the appearance of an eccentrically growing erythema (up to 15-20 cm in diameter) bright red, swollen, itchy. After 2-3 weeks recovery begins. With the help of a biting device, mites are inserted into the folds of the skin, the area of the external genitalia, joints, abdomen, buttocks.

The mites-parsitize in the hair follicles and sebaceous glands of the face, the auricles, the ear canal, the eyelashes, the mammary glands, the genitals. In humans, two species of these mites are identified: Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis (0.2-0.3 mm long). They have a spindle-shaped body, short limbs and a stitching oral organ. Ironmongers in animals cause demodicosis, and in humans are a frequent cause of rosace-like and perioral dermatitis (more often in women), blepharitis, external otitis. Many people have asymptomatic carriage of demodex.

Bed bugs - often cause damage to the skin of a person. In the place of their bite (arms, neck, chest, external genitalia, buttocks) there is a red itchy spot, papule or blister with perifocal erythema. Characteristic is the formation of rash groups consisting of 2-3 elements, arranged linearly. In sensitized individuals, a common skin reaction is possible as a type of papular urticaria and the formation of vesicles and blisters. In uncomplicated cases, items are resolved within a few days.

"Kissing" bugs bite a person in places of skin to mucous membranes on the face (lips, nose). At the site of the attack, papular eruptions with a dot in the center, herpetically located vesicles, poured brown urticaria, and hemorrhagic and bullous elements can be found.

Lice (head, clothing, pubic) are blood-sucking parasites of man. Lice - evidence of a person's sanitary and hygienic troubles. In the US, 6-10 million children are infected with pediculosis every year; widely distributed in Africa and other hot countries.

Caterpillars of some butterflies on contact with human skin cause dermatitis. After 10-20 minutes at the place of contact of the caterpillar with the skin, there is burning, itching, a linear edematous erythematous strip. Combing the itching area, the person carries the hairs of the caterpillars to other places, where new spotted and urtric elements arise. Usually, dermatitis regresses within 1-2 weeks. With repeated contacts with caterpillars and the presence of sensitization, a spotty-bullous rash develops; the disease takes a longer course. Treatment is symptomatic.

The defeat of the skin by some beetles occurs when they are squashed and rubbed into the skin of the toxic liquid contained in the body of the beetle. During the course of the day, a response contact skin reaction develops in the form of erythema, edema, various sizes and forms of blisters that tend to peripheral growth. Itching is insignificant. Within two weeks, rashes are permitted.

On the site of the bites of fleas (parasitize mammals, birds) there is burning, then a stain, a papule, a blister or a vial (bubble) with a hemorrhagic point in the center. With severe allergization of the body, papules, urticaria, multiple elements of the erythema multiforme type with pronounced itching appear. The rash is more often detected on the hips, buttocks, on the hands. In America, Africa, Asia, it is common to find Tunghiasis (sarcopsylesis) - a disease caused by a sandy (earthen) flea, in which spots appear on the genitals, perianal region, hips and arms, then itchy nodules with a pustule in the center, nodes, necrotic ulcers, abscesses, lymphangitis, lymphadenitis; possibly the development of septicemia, sometimes tetanus, gas gangrene, self-amputation of the fingers.

Among millipedes, the herbivorous two-legged and carnivorous gubernias are important for humans. The former secrete a protective fetid liquid that causes various eye injuries, as well as skin (burning, pain, redness, swelling, blisters). Lepidopia secrete poison, causing pain, swelling, purpura, more often on the lower limbs.

Treatment: extraction of the parasite, prevention of secondary infection; with massive invasion - tiabendazole 25 mg / kg / day, or albendazol 400 mg / day for 3 days.

Bites of bees, wasps, hornets, ants are often found and are usually accompanied by burning pain, erythema and local edema of the skin. If you do not remove the sting of the bee, then at the site of the bite, a long-existing granulomatous node (up to the size of the nut) can appear. With high reactivity to bites, within half an hour angioedema develops, urticaria, up to systemic disorders. With repeated bites, there may be very severe reactions with hemorrhagic rash.

With stings of Diptera (mosquitoes, mosquitoes, midges, flies, flies), mild soreness, erythema, blisters and within 24 hours the itching papule is formed. Sensitized patients may have widespread urticaria, papular and vesicular-bullous eruptions.

After mosquito bites of the genus Phlebotomus dermia, phleboderma and harar appear (see their description below).

Miazes are diseases caused by vermiform larvae of necro-sucking Diptera (some flies, gadflies). There are superficial and deep, obligate and facultative miases. Superficial miases are caused by flies laying eggs in open festering abrasions and wounds. Developing larvae feed on wound exudates. Deep miases are caused by larvae of a tungsten fly, affecting the skin, subcutaneous tissue and mucous membranes. Larvae feed on necrotic and healthy tissues, forming ulcers and deep strokes. With cordilobiasis (African miase), more often in children, knots, ulcers and abscesses are formed. Dermatobiasis (South American miase) is characterized by tumor-like inflammation and subcutaneous abscesses with fistulous holes on the surface. Larvae of gadflies cause a "linear migrating mias", penetrating into the skin and making twisting passages in it.

Treatment: immobilization and removal of larvae. When lubricating furuncle-like formations with petroleum jelly, the larvae leave their ecological niche; when biting Diptera - symptomatic treatment.

Prevention: measures of public and personal hygiene, use of repellents.

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