Cyst in a child: basic types, localization, causes and symptoms

In the human body, in any of its parts, there may be many varieties of cysts (closed capsule cavities) that have different contents. In their size, cysts vary from microscopic ones, about the existence of which a person may not even suspect, to very impressive, capable of disrupting the normal operation of internal organs. In most cases, the cyst of an adult cyst in a child is not much different and is congenital or acquired, as well as solitary (solitary) or multiple.

[1], [2]

Causes of cysts in children

Cysts, including cysts in children are formed in different ways. If the pathological cavity appeared due to the overlapping of the duct of any gland or the disturbance of the circulation of the interstitial fluid, then this is the retention cyst. It happens in such glands as sebaceous, salivary, dairy, and also thyroid and pancreatic. There is a similar cyst in some internal organs.

When the cyst in a child is formed as a result of damage to a part of the tissues due to inflammation or other pathology of the internal organ, it is a question of a cyst (and it can appear anywhere).

If the baby's body has, for example, Echinococcus granulosus ribbon worm eggs, this parasite will penetrate the parenchyma of the liver and there will begin to turn into a larva, protecting it with a chitinous capsule. And already around this capsule there is a so-called parasitic cyst. But the cause of traumatic cyst in the child are the bias of the epithelium in the joints, spine and abdominal cavity.

Finally, in any organs - due to the defects of their intrauterine development - congenital dysontogenetic cysts can be formed. And in many cases, the causes of cysts in children are congenital in nature.

Among the main causes of congenital cyst in children experts call problems during pregnancy, as well as chronic diseases of the future mother.

[3],

Dermoid cyst in a child

Cysts in the form of variously rounded dense capsules filled with cell elements of all three embryonic embryo leaves belong to the congenital and are called dermoid cysts (dermoids).

A dermoid cyst in a child can be located near the corners of the eyes, and then it is a cyst on the eye in a child. The dermoid can form in the area of the jugular recess of the skull, in the behind-eye area - the cyst behind the ear in the child. It should be noted that for dermoids, localization at the nape, in the nose and mouth, in the throat, on the neck, in the zone of the clavicles and in the space of the middle thoracic cavity is also typical. That is, these are precisely the places where the human embryo has gill arches and gill slits that disappear at the tenth week of the obstetric pregnancy period.

A dermoid cyst in children can be found in the sacrum, in testicles in boys and in ovaries in girls, where in the embryonic period there was a tail and an embryonic respiratory allantois. Often, these cystic lesions are found in the fetus with ultrasound of a pregnant woman or in newborns in the neonatal period.

The dermoid cyst grows slowly and rarely is large. Small internal dermoids do not show themselves. Nevertheless, the cyst located in the retroperitoneal space can reach considerable dimensions and begin to press on adjacent organs. In this case, there is a stomach tension in the baby, accompanied by a worsening of his condition and crying. Therefore, such a dermoid is recommended to be removed immediately. However, any dermoid cyst in children is treated almost exclusively by surgery.

[4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]

Symptoms of cysts in children

Symptoms of cysts in children are due to its type and localization, so there is no unified list of signs of the presence of cysts. For example, external signs of pathological cystic formation with their cutaneous or subcutaneous location can be detected with the naked eye. While internal cysts in the kidneys, liver, pancreas, or lungs may not have any symptoms and remain unnoticed until the doctors detect them by ultrasound, MRI or computed tomography (CT) scan.

Nevertheless, there is enough pathology, when the symptoms of cysts in children manifest themselves clearly. For example, a cyst on a nipple in a child - in the form of a white "pimple" - is nothing more than a subcutaneous cyst (atheroma). These formulations are small and painless, but some of them can grow and if they do not spontaneously break out, they can become inflamed with redness, swelling and soreness.

Ganglia - a cyst on the leg of a child that forms in the tendon tissues of the ankle and knee joints - can quickly grow to an impressive size and become very painful, especially when moving. Another type of cyst on the leg is the Becker cyst in children, which arises from a knee joint injury, meniscus or cartilage damage, as well as the development of such diseases as osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. The Becker cyst (Baker) appears in the popliteal region and has the shape of an egg; when the knee joint is unbent, it strongly protrudes, with the bent "hides" under the knee. This cyst hinders the normal bending of the leg, causing pain and swelling.

The cyst of the brain manifests itself in the form of symptoms such as headache, lethargy, sleep disorders and coordination of movements, nausea, vomiting, epileptic seizures.

And further, the causes and symptoms of the cyst in the child will be examined, depending on the place of their formation.

Cyst of the brain in a child

Cyst of the brain in newborns is most often due to congenital disorders of the central nervous system, as well as trauma (including birth defects), inflammatory diseases (meningitis, encephalitis) or cerebral hemorrhages. The cyst of the brain in the child is of three types: the cyst is arachnoid, the cyst is subependimal and the cyst of the vascular plexuses.

[10], [11], [12], [13]

Arachnoid cyst in children

The arachnoid cyst in children is localized in one of the three shells of the brain - arachnoidea encephali, which fits snugly. The appearance of cystic formations filled with serous fluid here is associated with an anomaly in the intrauterine development of the brain membranes. This is the primary or congenital arachnoid cyst in children. The secondary (acquired) arachnoid cyst is a consequence of various diseases or traumas of the outer shells of the brain.

Cysts of this type in children quickly increase in size and begin to exert mechanical pressure on the tissues, worsening their blood supply and leading to severe consequences.

[14], [15]

Subependymal cyst in children

Because of the pathology of the cerebral circulation around the cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid (the ventricles of the brain), a subependimal cyst can form in a newborn child. If this cyst begins to grow, then the consequence is ischemia of the brain - with insufficient supply of oxygen (hypoxia) or with its complete cessation (anoxia). Both that, and another conducts to destruction of cells of a tissue (necrosis) of a brain in the amazed site. There are no medications for treating this pathology.

Vascular plexus cyst in a child

As a result of exposure to the fetus of the herpes virus, a cyst of the vascular plexuses in the child may appear. According to perinatal neurologists, if such a cyst is found during the period of gestation, the pathological cavity disappears with time. But with the formation of cysts of vascular plexuses, the birth of a child already has a great threat of serious problems.

The cyst located in the occipital region damages the visual center of the brain, and the cyst located in the cerebellum leads to dizziness and impaired coordination of movements (ataxia). Symptoms of a cyst that appeared near the pituitary gland are systematic convulsive seizures, partial paralysis of the hands and feet, hearing impairment, and a decrease in the production of hormones regulating the growth and sexual development of children.

Retrocerebellar cyst in a child

The retrocerebellar cyst in a child can become a negative consequence of disturbance of the circulatory process in the brain tissues, their trauma or inflammation. This pathological accumulation of fluid is formed in the thickness of the gray matter of the brain - where his cells died. The disease can be asymptomatic, and can manifest itself in the form of headaches and feelings of raspiraniya in the head, hearing and vision disorders, nausea and vomiting, seizures and loss of consciousness.

Kidney of kidney in children

Among children's urological diseases, the presence of a cyst in the kidney is by no means a rarity. Most often this is a simple kidney cyst in children (solitary, serous, cortical), which appears in the outer layer of the organ. There are several theories of the origin of this type of cyst in children, and almost all agree that the pathogenesis of this disease is associated with intrauterine disorders in the formation of tubules and urinary ducts of the kidney of the embryo and fetus.

In children, the kidney cyst in more than half the cases is not manifested. And if the size of the cavity is significantly increased, the child can complain of dull pain in the hypochondrium or in the lumbar region, especially after long moving games or sports activities.

However, the kidney cyst in children may not be one, but several. In this case, a polycystosis of the kidney is diagnosed, which is congenital and, moreover, hereditary. With this disease, cysts take the place of a healthy parenchyma of both kidneys, which leads to its atrophy and overlap of the renal tubules and ureter. According to medical statistics, polycystic kidney disease in girls is more common than in boys.

Typical complaints of children with multiple cysts of the kidney: pain in the lower back, a feeling of fatigue and weakness, thirst and attacks of nausea. In the future, a decompensated stage of renal failure develops, in which hemodialysis is used and often there is a need for organ transplantation.

Spleen cyst in the child

In children, the spleen cyst is 70% congenital, in other cases it is associated with either inflammation or infection. The course of this disease is mostly asymptomatic, and signs begin to appear when the cystic formation reaches certain sizes and inflames.

Then the child starts complaining about the pain of a paroxysmal character in the left hypochondrium and occasional dizziness. A large cyst of the spleen in a child causes an increase in body temperature, nausea and vomiting; pain begins to be delivered to the shoulder and the scapula; In the chest, a tingling sensation is felt, shortness of breath, and a slight cough.

It should be borne in mind that the spleen cyst in childhood can be caused by parasites, in particular the ribbonworm echinococcus (for details, see above).

Choledocha cyst in children

Holedoch is a common bile duct that drains bile from the gallbladder into the duodenum. Choledocha in children is also

Congenital or acquired pathology with an unexplained etiology.

This cyst is located on the surface of the liver (in the lower part), filled with bile-colored fluid and can grow to considerable size. If there is a choledocha cyst, the child complains of bouts of dull pain in the abdomen and under the ribs on the right, the skin and sclera may become yellow (as in hepatitis). A doctor probes the education in the right hypochondrium. Among the symptoms of choledochal cysts in children under the age of one year may be an enlarged liver and discolored feces.

Complications of this type of cyst - inflammation of the bile duct (cholangitis), inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), rupture of the cyst and malignant tumor of the bile duct (cholangiocarcinoma).

[16], [17]

Urachus cyst in children

Urakhus is a duct that connects the bladder of the fetus in the uterus of the mother with the umbilical cord, through which the allocation of an unborn child enters the amniotic fluid. With normal intrauterine development, this duct overgrows (in the second trimester of pregnancy), with pathology - does not overgrow. It is for this reason that a urachus cyst is formed in children, which can grow as large as a fist.

This pathology can for a long time not make itself felt, as the cyst grows slowly and does not bother the child. But if there was an infection, inevitably inflammation, the manifestation of which is expressed in such symptoms as fever, pain in the lower abdomen. And with severe suppuration, the state of health deteriorates sharply, the pain spreads throughout the abdominal cavity, and the skin around the navel becomes red.

At the same time, there is a real threat of a cyst breaking into the abdominal cavity and the development of life-threatening inflammation of the peritoneum (peritonitis).

Cysts of the lungs in children

Congenital cysts of the lungs in children appear with improper intrauterine growth of the organ tissues (dysplasia). Acquired cysts can be a consequence of frequent pneumonia (pneumonia).

In both cases, the cystic formations in the lungs-single or multiple-can be filled with either air or liquid, and are most often located at the edges of the lungs. Identify their presence can only be using X-rays in children who suffer from frequent pneumonia with unchanged localization of the inflammation focus.

As a rule, not complicated by inflammation, a single lung cyst in children has no visible symptoms, and only a large size of the cavity manifests itself by pains in the chest, coughing and shortness of breath. Sometimes a child complains that it is difficult for him to eat.

Deterioration of the condition and severe shortness of breath are observed with the rupture of the lung cyst; with inflammation in the cyst area the temperature rises, and when the permeability of the bronchus is broken, a cough with sputum appears (often with an admixture of blood).

[18], [19], [20], [21], [22],

Cyst of the thyroid gland in children

The etiology of the thyroid cyst in children is associated with a deficiency of iodine compounds in the child's body, with autoimmune or chronic thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid gland), as well as with hormonal disorders in adolescence.

With little size of the cystic cavity, there are practically no symptoms, but, as endocrinologists note, in childhood, when the body grows and develops, all pathological processes accelerate, so parents should closely monitor the health of children.

If your child does not have a cold, but complains of pain and sore throat, often coughs, breathes heavily and at times loses voice, then this can be caused by a thyroid gland cyst. In addition, the signs of this disease are the constant pain in the neck, frequent headaches, loss of strength, weakness and attacks of nausea. And with the inflammatory process in the cyst, the child's temperature rises sharply.

With a visit, the doctor can not be delayed, since the cyst of the thyroid gland in children in almost 25% of cases leads to a malignant tumor.

[23], [24]

Cyst on the neck of a child

A cyst on the neck of a child may appear on the lateral side (the lateral cyst of the neck) or along the midline of the neck (the middle cyst of the neck).

The localization of the lateral cyst is the upper third of the neck, in the region of the internal jugular vein. Visually, it is visible (if you tilt your head in the direction opposite to the location of the cyst) as a "bean" under the skin. To the touch, the cyst is elastic, it does not cause pain, it moves freely during palpation. The inner walls of the capsule are lined with multilayer flat epithelium, and the turbid liquid contained in it consists of eosinophilic leukocyte and epithelial cells. Cytological examination in each case clarifies the contents of the contents and can determine whether the given cyst belongs to dermoid (section "Dermoid cyst in a child", see above).

If the lateral cyst on the neck of the child is affected by pathogens and inflames, then pain and swelling of the tissues appear, which is often taken for inflammation of the lymph node (lymphadenitis).

The median cyst of the neck in the child (or the thyoglossal cyst) looks like a dense ball up to 2 cm in diameter and is formed on the front side of the neck, in the throat (under and above the tongue), and in the root part of the tongue - in the middle or lateral lingual-epiglottin folds. In such cases, parents often say that this is a cyst under the tongue of a child or a cyst in the throat of a child.

Often, the pathological cavity is located directly in the area of the lymphoid pharyngeal ring, where there are palatine, tubal, pharyngeal and lingual tonsils. In this case, the cyst on the baby's tonsil is diagnosed. Usually such a cyst does not cause pain, but it is felt during swallowing. And when localizing the root of the tongue itself, it can interfere with talking and swallowing. It is also often confused with lymphadenitis or a pharyngeal abscess.

[25], [26], [27], [28]

Cyst in the groin in children

Trichodermal cyst or skin atheroma refers to the type of epithelial cysts of the skin, among which the most common is the retention cyst of the sebaceous gland.

The cyst in the groin in children or the inguinal cyst in children is just an atheroma - a cavity with keratinized particles of epithelial cells of the sebaceous gland formed at the site of occlusion of the pore. A cyst as large as 2 cm is found in the skin of the inguinal region and can cause flushing of the skin and painful swelling. Most often such a cyst breaks spontaneously, but in case of inflammation it is recommended that it be surgically excised.

[29], [30], [31]

Seedal cord cyst in children

In the groin area of the boy, another problem may arise - the cyst of the spermatic cord. Clinical manifestations of this pathology - swelling and enlargement of the scrotum towards the end of the day - are similar to inguinal hernia and edema of testis. In fact, this is the so-called communicating cyst of the spermatic cord. This cyst is a consequence of the fact that during the intrauterine development of the fetus the blind protrusion of the peritoneum (vaginal process) through the inguinal duct into the scrotum, overgrown at the time of birth, remains open. As a result, a cavity is formed, that is, a cyst of the spermatic cord (fonicocele), in which a constant inflow and outflow of fluid from the abdominal cavity occurs. This disrupts the physiological process of development of the testicle and in the future threatens with partial male infertility.

Also, the cause of this pathology in boys may be inflammation or venous congestion during puberty. In addition, the cyst of the spermatic cord in children due to significant size can be transformed into inguinal and inguinal and scrotal hernia, in which there is a violation of organs located in this area.

If the cyst is small and does not cause discomfort, it is not touched. If the cyst grows, it is surgically removed - at the age of 1.5-2 years.

Egg cyst in a child

Diagnosis of a testicle cyst in a child is made when a dense rounded shape is found in the scrotum, which can reach the size of the testicle itself. However, the pain is accompanied by this disease is rare, and in boys, the baby as a rule disappears without any treatment.

Nevertheless, urologists recommend watching the course of the disease, as the cyst of the testicle may increase in time, which entails not only discomfort in the scrotum, but also pain.

The cyst of the testicle (spermatoceles) is the result of a partial occlusion of the vas deferens. And the causes of this pathology can be either congenital, or acquired after inflammation or trauma. Symptoms of the cyst of the epididymis can appear in boys aged 6 to 14 years.

Conservative treatment of this disease is not present, and surgical intervention in the form of excision of the cyst is shown only with significant dimensions of the cyst and its pressure on other tissues.

The child's foreskin cyst, as noted by pediatric andrologists, is very rarely diagnosed, although other pathologies of the prepuce in boys under 7 years old are quite common.

[32], [33]

Breast cyst in a child

When it comes to the cyst of the breast in a child, it should be noted that in newborn children - regardless of their sex - the mammary glands are exactly the same.

The process of forming the mammary gland begins even in the embryo, but if the male fetus is successfully completed, and girls under 10-11 are suspended.

So in cavities that are present in newborn babies, fluid-filled cavities may appear. Doctors see the cause of this pathology in the hormonal disorders that occurred during intrauterine development.

The formation of a mammary gland cyst in an adolescent child, when the process of puberty begins in girls, many gynecologists do not associate with hormones, but explain the specificity of the formation of mammary gland tissues.

[34], [35], [36]

Ovarian cyst in a child

Ovarian cysts are found even in newborn girls and are dermoid cavities with a dense capsule and liquid contents.

At the same time, in half of the clinical cases of the ovarian cyst the child is diagnosed in the intrauterine period - with the ultrasound of a pregnant woman. As a rule, obstetric anamnesis in most of the future mothers is aggravated with acute respiratory infection, edema, nephropathy, intrauterine fetal hypoxia, urogenital infections and the threat of termination of pregnancy.

Ovarian cyst in a child, according to experts, is potentially malignant, and in polycystic ovaries multiple adhesions are observed affecting the intestines and appendages of the uterus.

If, after examination with ultrasound, it turns out that the size of the ovarian cyst in infants exceeds 4 cm, it is recommended that these cysts be removed in order to avoid the subsequent risk of complications in the form of necrosis or a sudden rupture of ovarian tissue (apoplexy) with bleeding into the abdominal cavity.

Cysts in the mouth and nasopharynx in children

Cysts of this localization can affect teeth, gums, jaws, sublingual zone and salivary glands. So if a child has a cyst in his mouth, the first thing to do is to clarify the location of the cyst and find out the etiology.

A cyst in the child on the lip, on the inner mucous cheeks, on the palate is the most common place of appearance of mucoceles - the retention mucosa. Also, the cyst in the nose of a child often refers to this type of pathological cavities and is localized in the paranasal sinuses. As a result of the disruption of the circulation of the interstitial fluid in trauma or inflammation of the frontal sinuses, a cyst is formed on the forehead of the child. Its first sign is the dilatation of the frontal sinus and the lowering of its bottom into the orbit, resulting in a characteristic protrusion. A cyst of the jaws in children occurs with similar processes in the maxillary sinuses.

A cyst child in the mouth varies from a millimeter to several centimeters in diameter; it is usually slightly transparent with a blue tinge, when palpation due to an elastic wall, fluctuations (fluctuation of the liquid content) can occur. The course of the disease is long, periodically swelling of nearby tissues is possible.

[37], [38], [39]

Cyst of the salivary gland in a child

Pathological formations affect mainly small salivary glands of children, but can appear in the area of such salivary glands as sublingual, submandibular and parotid.

Clinical practice shows that the cyst of the salivary gland in the child (in particular, small salivary glands) is formed on the mucous lips and cheeks - at the border of the hard and soft palate. This cyst is filled with condensed saliva, has a thin shell, which is easy to bite when chewing. However, this does not mean getting rid of the problem, because the cyst tends to recur.

The salivary gland cyst in a child does not hurt him, does not interfere with the process of salivation. Her treatment is carried out by excision - along with part of the mucous membrane.

Cysts of submandibular and parotid salivary glands in childhood are diagnosed in rare cases and only at significant sizes that contribute to the deformation of soft tissues. Appeal to the doctor and ultrasound examination is necessary for differentiating the salivary gland cyst with new salivary gland tumors of a different etiology, primarily oncology.

Very often a child's cyst in the mouth appears in the sublingual salivary glands. The cyst under the tongue of a child (wounded) is the result of her trauma in the process of eating. At the given pathology complaints of the child on discomfort at meal are frequent.

[40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51]

Cyst of a tooth in a child

Among the reasons for the appearance of a tooth cyst in a child, dentists call injuries of the maxillofacial region, poor quality dental treatment and the presence of foci of infection in caries, pulpitis and periodontitis. And with the milk teeth, the cyst can spread to the rudiments of permanent teeth.

Cyst of a tooth in a child is formed in the form of a basal bladder or granuloma. With the passage of time, the jaw cyst may appear at this site. The danger of the dental cysts is that at the onset of the disease there are no symptoms, and then there is an immediate purulent inflammation with severe pain.

The cyst can break and then the purulent masses will enter the bone tissue, which leads to the formation of a fistula on the gum, the development of acute inflammation of the periosteum of the alveolar process (odontogenic periostitis), the destruction of bone tissue, and, in the future, to purulent necrosis in the bone and bone marrow (osteomyelitis ).

[52], [53], [54], [55]

Cyst on the gums of a child

A cavity with purulent contents - in the form of a small seal - may appear on the gum due to a toothache or injury. The gums swell, and in the absence of cyst treatment on the gums the child grows, hitting the roots of the teeth, destroying the bone and provoking inflammation of the lymph nodes. The latter results in a deterioration in the child's well-being with an increase in temperature.

[56], [57]

Cysts of the jaws in children

Cysts of the jaws in children are radicular (inflammatory pathogenesis) and follicular (non-inflammatory origin). Radicular cysts are formed on the lower jaw due to the periodontitis of the fourth and fifth teeth of the milk series (temporary molars) and are diagnosed much more often follicular cysts of the jaw.

Follicular cysts in children (or eruptions cysts) appear as a result of an anomaly in the formation of the tissues of the tooth germ - during the replacement of baby teeth in a child, starting from the age of 4-5. This kind of odontogenic cysts appears on the lower jaw, mainly in the place of small molars (premolars).

When X-ray examination in the cavity of the follicular cyst, children can clearly see a practically formed living tooth whose roots can be outside the cyst. In this case, the cyst prevents normal eruption of the permanent tooth and can become inflamed.

It should be remembered that the causes of the cyst of the jaws in children are chronic inflammations of the periodontal, therefore the milk teeth must be treated.

[58], [59], [60]

Cyst of a child

The most commonly diagnosed cyst in the bone in a child is a simple single cyst, which orthopedists define as a dystrophic lesion of bone tissue. This type of cystic formations appears on the limbs, that is, on long tubular bones (femoral, humerus, tibia and forearm bone). So, the cyst on the leg of the child is more often in boys during the period of growth of the basic skeleton bones (at the age of 8-15 years) and is detected in case of trauma, for example, in case of fracture.

The main cause of cysts in the bone is a violation of venous circulation inside the bone tissue (in the metaphyseal section of the bone) and an increase in the activity of lysosomal enzymes. Intraosseous pressure rises, which leads to structural changes in blood at the molecular-biological level and the release of lysosomal enzymes. They, in turn, act on the bone tissue, causing it to erode.

As a rule, a simple bone cyst does not give signs: pain or swelling are very rare. It is characteristic that in children older than 15 years, the cyst in the bone is formed in the flat bones (jaw, sternum, pelvis, skull).

[61], [62], [63]

Diagnosis of cysts in children

In most cases, the diagnosis of cyst in children is based on the results of a blood test, ultrasound, computer and magnetic resonance imaging. Only with the help of data from MRI and CT studies it is possible to get a complete picture of this pathology: to determine the exact location, size and shape of the cyst, and to see the degree of its negative impact on the organ.

To establish the presence of a cyst of the brain in newborns and children of the first year of life, ultrasound cerebral tomography - neurosonography, as well as the study of cerebral vascular blood flow - is performed.

In prenatal detection of kidney cysts in children, ultrasound is performed literally in the first minutes of a newborn's life - to clarify the diagnosis. In the case of polycystic kidneys, computer tomography is performed with a contrast agent. And to determine the extent of the incidence of the cystic process in the kidneys helps the method of magnetic resonance imaging.

In the process of diagnosis of the thyroid cyst in children after examination and palpation of the gland, the doctor will certainly inquire about the presence of a radiological effect on the head and neck region and the flipper on the direction of ultrasound.

To date, a key method for detecting cysts of the spleen, lungs, spermatic cord, ovaries, etc. - carrying out ultrasound, CT, MRI, additional - the analysis of blood and urine. In dentistry with the same success is used X-ray examination of the oral cavity.

[64], [65], [66]

Treatment of cysts in children

Treatment of the cyst will depend on various factors, including the type of cyst, its location, size, as well as the degree of discomfort and disruption of the functions of the relevant organs and body systems.

The easiest way is to cope with the cyst on the lip or on the mucous membrane of the mouth (mukocele). Dentists say that with small or newly emerging cysts of this type, an effective method of treatment is daily rinsing the mouth with a solution of table salt (one tablespoon of salt per glass of water) - 4-6 times a day for 10-14 days.

Unfortunately, large cysts, as well as cysts accompanied by symptoms of functional disorders of certain organs, have to be surgically removed. In some cases, cysts in children are treated by aspiration, when the contents are removed from the cyst cavity through the needle or catheter.

Widely used gentle endoscopic method, in which fluid from the cyst in children is removed with an endoscope through the punctures.

Treatment of the tooth cyst in children is also performed by surgical methods: by cystotomy (removal of the front wall of the cyst) or by cystectomy (surgery with gum cutting and complete removal of the cyst and its membrane). True, a less reliable therapeutic method is used, in which the sick tooth is opened, the dental cane is cleared and an antiseptic drug is introduced therein - to dissolve the cystic formation and release its contents through the tooth canal. After that, the cavity is filled with a special composition, which helps to repair damaged tissues.

To get rid of cysts in the bone in children in recent decades, such a minimally invasive method has been used, such as puncture of the cyst and the injection into its cavity of various drugs, including sclerosing. Conservative treatment of cysts in the bone in a child (a course of treatment punctures with control radiography) is performed by an orthopedist or a pediatric surgeon.

But the treatment of Baker's cyst in children (cysts of the knee joint) is not suppressed by alternative means in the form of compresses from alcohol tinctures of burdock and celandine.

Prevention of cysts in children

According to the specialists of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), there are no ways to prevent the formation of most cysts. To date, the true causes of the onset of cystic formations have not been fully explored, and scientists have not even been asked to investigate the role of genetic factors in the development of simple cysts in many human organs ...

However, as reported in the autumn of the current year by the British Journal of Pharmacology, researchers of the three largest British universities have jointly found that the flavonoid naringenin (Naringenin) contained in the grapefruit can successfully block the development of kidney cysts, including their polycystosis - a severe autosomal dominant disease.