Complications after tooth extraction

Like any other surgical intervention, the extraction of the tooth may not go well and smoothly. In addition to bleeding, the following complications occur after tooth extraction: swelling, infectious inflammation at the site of removal, temperature. With modern methods of tooth extraction, infectious inflammation develops in very rare cases. If there are signs of inflammation, first of all, you need to determine if there is a piece of root or tool left in the hole that leads to suppuration of the gum and severe consequences for the whole organism as a whole. With infectious inflammation in the oral cavity, it is necessary to take antibiotics, which the doctor advises, usually in these cases a ciprolet is used.

Another complication after the operative removal of the tooth is a "dry" hole. It appears in the case when the blood clot necessary for the natural process of tightening the wound was not formed in the hole or was removed (for example, by rinsing). One of the reasons that leads to a dry hole, can be too traumatic surgery, which causes the alveolitis - inflammation at the site of tooth extraction (there is swelling, fever, etc.). Another unpleasant complication is osteomyelitis, which is a severe form of the alveolitis. Osteomyelitis is characterized by a strong soreness of the socket and adjacent tissues, high fever, weakness, swelling of the gums, cheeks. In this case, the process of inflammation can affect the neighboring teeth. Osteomyelitis is treated by surgical methods, after which mandatory permanent recovery is necessary. Although the disease is quite severe, this type of complication develops in very rare cases.

The appearance of a lumen between the maxillary sinuses and the upper jaw - a complication occurs after the teeth in the upper row were removed which had large roots located in the immediate vicinity of the maxillary sinuses (usually 5 or 6 teeth in the upper row).

When the tooth is removed, the surgeon can accidentally touch the nearby nerve endings, which will numb the soft parts of the mouth (lips, tongue, etc.). Usually numbness occurs after the recovery of the nerves, which takes several weeks.

A dislocation or fracture of the lower jaw occurs with strong pressure on the jaw or when the tooth is removed with very large roots or having a three-dimensional cyst on the root.

[1],

Complications after a tooth extraction wisdom

After the removal of the wisdom tooth, the gum often quite often begins to hurt due to severe damage. In some cases, the adjacent nerve can be affected, resulting in numbness of the lips, mouth, and the like. This phenomenon is called parasthesia and usually occurs in older people after the removal of a complex tooth. Sometimes complications after tooth extraction can affect adjacent teeth or prosthesis. In addition, excessive pressure on the jaw during the removal process can cause dislocation or fracture.

The often occurring complication that develops after the removal of the wisdom tooth is the alveolitis that develops as a result of the dry socket. In the wound after removal of the tooth should form a small blood clot, which prevents the ingress of germs inward, as a result, the process of tightening and restoring tissues proceeds faster. If the blood clot for some reason is not formed, it leads to inflammation, which after a couple of days after tooth extraction is manifested with acute pain. In this case, you need to immediately go to the dentist, in time to make the necessary medical measures and not to allow more complex complications. In addition to cleaning the wells and compresses with a special solution, you may need a course of antibiotics to prevent further spread of the infection.

[2]

Complications after removal of a cyst of a tooth

A cyst of the tooth appears as a result of the fact that the body tries to cope with the infection introduced into the root canal of the tooth. There is a death of the affected cells, around which a dense shell is formed, which isolates dead cells from healthy cells, the size of such formation can be from several millimeters to several centimeters. Usually the cyst is found on X-rays. Cysts are formed most often on the front teeth, wisdom teeth. The tooth root cyst usually develops as a result of improper removal of the tooth. Chronic periodontitis causes the development of a cyst on the root of the tooth.

Usually the cyst is detected in the late stages, when treatment is no longer possible, therefore, surgical removal of the cyst is most often prescribed. There are several operations to remove a cyst:

• cystomy, in which partial removal occurs to purify the accumulated pus. This operation is indicated for large cysts, when there is a possibility of damage to adjacent tissues, teeth, and also when pus prevents healing. Usually, the operation is performed under a local anesthetic.
• Cystectomy is the most common method of surgical treatment, in which the tooth itself is preserved, and only the cyst and the tip of the tooth root are removed.
• antimuscia is carried out in the case when there is no possibility to preserve the root of the tooth. In this case, the cyst, root and part of the tooth are removed, followed by restoration (crown). This operation is the most sparing in relation to the tooth.

In some cases, dentists are forced to use the removal of the cyst simultaneously with the tooth, since all other treatments are ineffective. As a result of such surgical treatment, severe complications after tooth extraction and cysts can develop. First of all, it is inflammation due to possible remaining fragments in the jaw. Such a process can cause the cyst to reappear. Too large cysts on the roots of the teeth when removed can lead to dislocation or even fracture of the lower jaw.

[3], [4], [5]

Complications after a tooth extraction operation

As with any other surgery, bleeding occurs during tooth extraction. After some time in the hole, the blood begins to coagulate and the abundant discharge of blood from the wound stops. In some cases, there is longer bleeding or resuming after a while. Usually this is influenced by local causes, rarely occurs on a general background. Provoke bleeding damage to blood vessels, bones and soft tissues, after an excessively traumatic operation, during which there was a rupture of the gum or oral cavity, fracture of the interalveolar septum, part of the alveoli, etc. If the blood comes from the depth of the hole, then this may be due to damage to one of the major branches of the artery. Also, severe bleeding occurs when inflammation occurs in adjacent tissues, as the vessels begin to widen.

After the removal of the tooth, the person is under the influence of pain medications, after a while after the operation, bleeding from the socket (secondary) may occur. This is due to the fact that the drug first causes a narrowing of the vessels, and after several hours contributes to their expansion, resulting in bleeding. If a few days after the removal of the tooth from the socket begins to heal, this means that the inflammatory process and suppuration has begun, such complications after tooth extraction require an urgent examination of a specialist. Also, long-term bleeding from the socket can be caused by diseases in which the work of the vascular system is disturbed or damaged (acute leukemia, scarlet fever, gomorragic vasculitis, etc.).

In the hole, after the tooth has been removed, pain may occur, the intensity of which depends on the traumatic nature of the operation. The pain appears after the analgesic drug has ceased to function, usually after a while the pain sensations decrease and completely pass away, in some cases it is required to take an analgesic pill. Sometimes the socket begins several days after tooth extraction, it prevents sleep, does not decrease after taking analgesics. The reason for this pain is most likely the inflammation that began in the hole, which arises from a very traumatic operation to remove the tooth, which significantly reduces the protective properties of tissues and promotes the reproduction of bacteria.

[6], [7], [8], [9]

Treatment of complications after tooth extraction

The process of tooth extraction is a complicated medical operation, which is accompanied by traumatization of adjacent tissues. The organism reacts to any trauma with pain, swelling, bleeding is a physiological process and does not require special treatment. With normal healing of the socket after tooth extraction, pain and swelling pass through 2 - 3 days. In the event that the puffiness does not decrease, it becomes more, the pain becomes worse, the temperature rises, complications after tooth extraction begin and it is necessary to consult a doctor as soon as possible.

A small body temperature that can be observed in the first few days after the tooth extraction operation is a normal physiological process, if the temperature does not exceed 38 degrees, there is no need to take antipyretics. But a long-term temperature should alert a person, because it indicates an inflammatory process in the body.

Pain after tooth extraction occurs as a result of a soft tissue injury, damage to nerve endings. There is soreness not only directly at the site of removal, but also in the adjacent teeth, lymph nodes, throat, etc. In this case, the treatment is to take OTC painkillers.

If the pain does not go away for several days, it does not decrease after taking medication, it is accompanied by puffiness, temperature - you need to urgently consult a doctor. Sometimes this can be caused by a local allergic reaction to used anesthetics, which requires medical treatment.

The most common complication that develops after tooth extraction is alveolitis (an inflammatory process in the hole), suppuration as a result of infection. All these complications, except pain and swelling, can cause an unpleasant odor in the oral cavity, a general weakness. If you do not start treatment in a timely manner, lumens on the gum, cysts, abscess, phlegmon may appear.

Treatment depends on the stage of inflammation and the patient's condition. Sometimes a doctor uses an autopsy of a purulent focus, scraping a hole, draining tissues, etc. Also, a doctor, depending on the patient's condition and the severity of the inflammation, can prescribe a course of antibacterial therapy, anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamins, etc.

After removal, during the first days it is recommended not to rinse the oral cavity. In this case, rinsing can trigger the leaching of the blood clot out of the well, and this can lead to serious complications, in particular caused by a dry hole. Treatment in this case is to reduce inflammation, both by local and general means. In some cases, thoroughly wash the wells with special antiseptic solutions followed by treatment with ointment or paste. After that, general anti-inflammatory and restorative treatment is prescribed.

Paresthesia, accompanied by numbness of the entire oral cavity or individual parts. The treatment is carried out with vitamin B and C preparations, galantamine injections, dibazole.

Dislocations and fractures, which in rare cases occur when the tooth is removed, in most cases are not diagnosed in a timely manner. First of all, this is hampered by the anesthesia used during the operation. Emerging over time, symptoms are often associated with infection and inflammation in the mouth. If a fracture or dislocation of the lower jaw is detected, fixation and prevention of the infectious-inflammatory process (antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, vitamin preparations) is carried out.

The appearance of a lumen between the maxillary sinus and the upper jaw prevents the formation of a blood clot, in this case an operation is performed to sew the edges of the gum and with further anti-inflammatory therapy.

Complications after tooth extraction can develop not only through the patient's fault (non-compliance with recommendations, regimen), but also due to the fault of the dentist who is too traumatic to perform the operation to remove the tooth. The more damaged adjacent tissues when removing the tooth, the higher the risk of complications, because in this case the protective properties deteriorate, and bacteria more easily penetrate into the damaged area, causing severe inflammation. It is extremely important, if you have the slightest signs of inflammation (temperature that does not stop for a long time, increasing swelling, pain, etc.), you should contact your dentist. The earlier to start treatment, the less will the consequences and the faster the full recovery.