Cervical swab

A swab from the cervical canal is an effective way of detecting oncological pathologies in one of the most vulnerable areas - in the cervix, and at the earliest stages. In contrast to the wall of the main organ - the uterus, the neck consists of a tissue containing a huge amount of collagen fibers, and elastic fibers in the neck are very small. Due to low elasticity, the neck is often subjected to various erosive lesions, and hence the risk of forming a protective layer. In turn, this kind of pseudo-protection can become the basis for squamous cell oncology.

The study (analysis) of the discharge from the cervical canal in gynecological practice is performed in order to identify the cells of a malignant tumor, the detection of protozoa (trichomonads) and flora (gonococcus, etc.), in obstetric practice - to diagnose an early rupture of the bladder. Identification of malignant neoplasms is a reliable sign of the nature of the process. Identification of drops of fat, fleece hair, "scales" indicates (in 99-100% of cases) of early discharge of amniotic fluid.

[1], [2], [3], [4]

Indications for the procedure of the smear from the cervical canal

Ideally, every woman should take such an analysis every year, starting from the moment of entering into sexual relations. Regular examination should be done either on the recommendation of the observing gynecologist or on their own initiative.

[5], [6], [7]

Preparation

Almost all gynecological examinations, including such as a swab from the cervical canal, require a woman from one or another preparation. Training rules are very simple. In order not to disturb the physiological state, the day before the procedure, all intimate contacts are excluded, as well as tampons, special suppositories and douching. If a woman undergoes a course of treatment that includes internal local therapy, then a swab from the cervical canal is prescribed only after three to four weeks after the end of treatment. Observance of such conditions will guarantee the effectiveness of the research.

[8], [9]

Technique of the smear from the cervical canal

A swab from the cervical canal is needed after the initial examination. If the doctor visually determines erosive tissue disorders of the cervix, a swab from the cervical canal will necessarily be prescribed. The swab is taken from the erosion zone, and then for the prevention and neutralization of risks from the cervical zone. The smear is taken with a special gynecological spatula. The material for the study is taken deep enough to analyze as much as possible of the epithelial tissue. At young ladies the smear from a cervical channel undertakes more sparing method as tissues are more elastic and vulnerable.

Normal performance

There are five stages of effectiveness - from the norm to serious pathology: 

• If there are no abnormalities and no abnormalities, then they speak of normal cytology; 
• There are changes due to inflammation. This is very close to normal, but it requires not only treatment, but also repeated analysis - a smear; 
• There are a small number of altered cells. In this case, additional biopsy diagnostics will be prescribed (tissue biopsy); 
• There are some cells that have malignant abnormalities. Complex research will be assigned; 
• There are a large number of altered cells. The diagnosis, unfortunately, is disappointing - onkoprotsess.

Like other specific tests, only a doctor can read and interpret correctly such studies. Self-study of the form will lead to nothing, except that there will be an alarming state, and not justified by real facts. Age, health status, gestational age, concomitant diseases - all this is comprehensively taken into account in decoding the smear.

A swab from the cervical canal is a truly effective method of preventing and early detection of cancer. However, the smear can not with the same accuracy show the state of other, also vulnerable areas of the female body. Therefore, with the slightest suspicion of pathology, an examination with a colposcope is also prescribed. A swab from the cervical canal is effective as a method of investigation only in women under 65 years of age.

[10], [11], [12], [13], [14]

Raising and lowering of values

Any slightest changes, deviations from the norm at the cellular level will be revealed in this analysis. The most important task, which is solved by a smear from the cervical channel, is a warning and earlier detection of oncopathology. The fact is that the oncology process in this zone (in the cervix) often develops secretly without obvious clinical manifestations. The woman does not experience any painful sensations, therefore does not address to the doctor. Even with gynecological examination, it is visually problematic to determine the early stage of the oncologic process in the cervix. It is a swab from the cervical canal, its competent decoding can become real guards on the path of such a life-threatening disease. In addition, a swab from the cervical canal is a reliable way to identify many infections transmitted solely through sexual intercourse - urogenital.

[15], [16], [17], [18], [19]