Finger bursitis

Bursitis of the finger is an inflammatory disease that occurs in the synovial (or articular) bag of the joints, which is called the bursa.

A bursa is a small elastic sac lined with synovial membrane that produces joint (lubricating) fluid. This fluid is located in the joint cavities.

The location of the bursa is between the tendons and bones, precisely in those places - joints, where the greatest friction of muscles and tendons on bones and ligaments occurs. Therefore, the bursa acts as a kind of layer that protects bones, muscles, ligaments and tendons from friction.

With bursitis, a special fluid, exudate, begins to form and accumulate in large quantities in the joint cavities. Bursitis usually occurs in the joints of the shoulder girdle, then, in descending order, the elbow, knee, and hip joints suffer from this disease. Similar inflammatory processes also affect the synovial sac located between the Achilles tendon and the heel bone. Much less common is bursitis of the finger, which manifests itself in inflammation of the joints of the fingers and toes.

The disease bursitis is divided into the following forms, which characterize the clinical course of the disease:

• acute bursitis,
• subacute bursitis,
• chronic bursitis,
• recurrent bursitis.

Depending on the absence or presence of the pathogen that provoked the inflammation, bursitis is divided into:

• non-specific - only of a traumatic nature,
• specific - complicated by the penetration of infection into the joint capsule: tuberculosis, gonorrhea, syphilis and brucellosis bacteria.

Bursitis is divided into several forms depending on the nature of the exudate:

• serous,
• purulent - instead of synovial fluid, pus accumulates in the joint,
• hemorrhagic - the exudate contains a large accumulation of blood components, such as red blood cells,
• purulent-hemorrhagic.

It happens that in addition to exudate, salts of various substances begin to accumulate in the joint capsule.

Usually, bursitis begins with an acute form of the disease, but if you do not consult a doctor in a timely manner, the acute form may be accompanied by a purulent or hemorrhagic form of the disease, or it may become chronic.

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Causes of bursitis of the finger

Bursitis always occurs due to external influence on the area of the body that is near the inflamed joint. The causes of acute and chronic bursitis of the finger can be as follows:

1. Bruises, ruptures of the joint capsule, abrasions, wounds and other finger injuries, associated or not associated with damage to the joint.
2. Overloading of finger joints and frequent mechanical irritation of joints, causing their deformation. For example, work that requires constant, monotonous finger movements over a long period of time can lead to bursitis. This disease can be provoked by sports games with a heavy load on the fingers, sudden lifting of weights, etc.
3. Congenital foot deformity or hallux valgus.
4. Flat feet and abnormal structure of the transverse arch of the foot.
5. A deposit of calcium that accumulates in the tendon area.
6. Various infections that have penetrated the joint capsule.
7. The presence of diathesis and other metabolic disorders in the body.
8. Allergies and other autoimmune diseases.
9. Arthritis is an inflammation of the joints of various forms and origins.
10. Gout is a disease accompanied by the deposition of uric acid or sodium monourate in various tissues of the human body.
11. A sudden increase in physical activity.
12. Wearing uncomfortable, tight shoes and high-heeled shoes.

There are cases when bursitis appears, seemingly, without any reason. But this is not so, since this disease always has some reason for its occurrence.

Chronic bursitis most often appears in people whose work is associated with an irritating effect on the joints of the arms or legs, constant heavy load on these joints. Chronic bursitis develops over a long period of time, usually several months. It appears both as a consequence of untreated acute bursitis, and as a result of other inflammatory diseases of the joints and bones - arthritis and gout.

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Symptoms of Bunion

Symptoms of bursitis of the finger in the acute form of the disease are as follows:

1. The presence of severe pain in the area of the inflamed joint.
2. The appearance of joint swelling, expressed as puffiness.
3. The appearance of redness of the skin in the area of the inflamed joint.
4. The appearance of severe limitations in the movement of the diseased joint.
5. The presence of elevated temperature in the area of the inflamed joint.
6. In some cases of bursitis of the finger, malaise and deterioration of health may occur. It happens that the clinical picture of the course of the disease is accompanied by an increase in the temperature of the whole body.

Bursitis symptoms begin with the formation of a tumor of varying size in the affected joint area, which feels like a bag of water. Then the swelling that appears becomes red, and after a while – hot if you touch it. When palpating, you can feel that the swelling is quite elastic. When pressing on the swelling that appears, you can feel pain, which then becomes stronger and occurs without palpating the swelling, constantly. Movement in the joint is very difficult. In many cases, movement of the finger with an inflamed joint is accompanied by painful sensations.

Acute bursitis appears unexpectedly - within two or three days. Usually, upon awakening, the patient notices redness, swelling and pain in the area of the affected joint. Before the acute form of the disease manifested itself, in almost all cases, there was a strong load on the joint or an acute infectious disease was activated. Over the course of several days, the symptoms begin to increase, and then gradually subside. If acute bursitis is not treated, it transforms into a chronic form.

In the chronic form of bursitis, a limited swelling of a rounded shape is formed in the area of the affected joint. It is soft to the touch, and the skin above it is mobile and unchanged. At the same time, the functioning of the joint is not impaired, and movements in it are not limited.

Chronic bursitis develops over a long period of time, usually several months. Since the synovial bag does not increase immediately, but gradually. The growth of the synovial bag is due to a constant but gradual increase in the amount of exudate in it. The lining of the joint bag can change, since various strands and growths appear in it. A huge amount of fibrin appears in the exudate, which grows on the lining of the joint bag in the form of islands. The size of the bursa in the chronic form of the disease can be large and medium. In some cases, a cavity is formed in the diseased joint, which is isolated from the rest of the joint cavity, called a hygroma. This cavity resembles a cyst and exudate begins to accumulate in it. Externally, this increase looks like a bubble with liquid, tightly covered with skin.

This form of the disease can undergo an exacerbation stage, similar to the symptoms of acute bursitis, then a fading stage, when severe symptoms do not bother the patient. During an exacerbation of the disease, the amount of exudate in the joint capsule increases. Chronic bursitis, in the absence of timely treatment, can provoke the appearance of adhesions in the joint, as well as reduce its mobility.

Bunion of the toe

Most often, toe bursitis occurs on the joints of the big toes. Less often, toe bursitis affects the little finger and index finger.

The main cause of this disease is valgus foot deformity (curvature), which is caused by flat feet, as well as a violation of the transverse configuration of the foot and dysfunction of the muscles and ligaments of the feet. Most often, such deviations in the structure and functioning of the feet are genetically determined, that is, hereditary.

Also, heavy loads on the feet associated with their deformation can be the causes of bursitis of the toes. Various methods and degrees of foot injury, wearing tight and uncomfortable shoes, especially constant walking in heels in women lead to the appearance of bursitis of the toes.

Bursitis of the toe manifests itself with the formation of a lump in the area of the joint of one or more toes. Then the lump grows and begins to ossify, that is, it turns into a "bone". Such externally noticeable processes are accompanied by the appearance of pain in the large joint, which indicates the existing inflammation. The acute form of bursitis most often transforms into a chronic one, when pain sensations along with inflammatory processes appear and then disappear. During an exacerbation of the disease, difficulties in movement arise, since the load on the foot is painful.

Chronic bursitis of the toes is especially common in people who constantly put stress on their feet - standing, walking, running, and carrying heavy objects for a long time. Athletes who play sports that often put stress on or injure their toes are also susceptible to developing bursitis of the toe.

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Bunion of the big toe

The cause of the appearance of bursitis of the big toe is the improper functioning of the foot or feet. Such errors in the functioning of the foot are caused by flat feet. Sometimes bursitis of the big toe occurs as a consequence of the disturbed balance of the muscles of the foot, due to which a lump first appears on the big toe. This lump is located in the area of the junction of the big toe and the metatarsus. Later, the lump grows and becomes large, then a callus appears on the lump, and the toe begins to bend to the side. After this, painful sensations arise, and an inflammatory process appears in the joint of the toe.

The bump (or sometimes they say "bone") eventually turns into an ossified one, and the inflammatory process and the pain that accompanies it periodically appear and then disappear. Thus, bursitis of the big toe becomes chronic. Chronic bursitis of the big toe greatly interferes with movement. Usually, this type of bursitis affects the fairer sex.

Manifestations of bursitis of the big toe are always associated with pain and inflammation. Painful sensations are especially unpleasant when there is a shoe on the big foot that squeezes the inflamed toe.

Bunion of the big toe can occur not only as a result of a violation of the physiology of movements and functioning of the foot muscles, but also as a result of wearing tight, uncomfortable shoes that squeeze the toes tightly and press them against each other. Usually, women who like to wear high-heeled shoes suffer from bunion. Such non-physiological shoes lead to curvature of the foot, namely the appearance of valgus (curvature), which provokes the occurrence of bunion.

Therefore, we can say that the main cause of big toe bursitis is valgus foot deformity, i.e. curvature. And the cause of valgus foot deformity is a violation of the configuration of the transverse arch of the foot, flat feet and dysfunction of the muscles and ligaments of the foot. For example, among the indigenous inhabitants of tropical countries, who constantly walk barefoot, bursitis appears very often, since they have a large number of such deviations in the structure of the feet. Such violations in the structure and functioning of the muscles of the foot are due to hereditary, genetic factors.

Some time ago, experts believed that the cause of big toe bursitis was excessive salt intake with food. But today, doctors have excluded this statement from the causes of the disease. Although, with certain joint diseases, inflammatory processes occur in the joint capsule due to the deposition of salt crystals. For example, gout is provoked by similar reasons - deposits of uric acid salts (or urates) in the area of the joint of the first phalanx of the metatarsus. But gout can lead to bursitis of this joint, as well as other diseases associated with metabolic and immune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatism, psoriasis.

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Bursitis of the finger

Bursitis of the finger is an inflammatory process that occurs in the joint bags of the fingers of the upper extremities, which is accompanied by the accumulation of exudate. In the area of the affected joint, swelling and redness initially appear, accompanied by painful sensations when moving and the appearance of heat. The swelling manifests itself as a swelling of a rounded shape and soft consistency - it is mobile, that is, it is deformed upon palpation and then acquires a normal appearance. The swelling is clearly visible upon examination, and pain occurs when palpating it. Subsequently, the skin in the area of the affected joint begins to acquire a purple color, and the local temperature in this area increases.

The above symptoms are associated with the acute form of bursitis of the finger. But if this disease is not treated in time, it can transform into a chronic form. The inflammatory process is now accompanied not only by swelling, reddening of the skin, increased local temperature, pain and limited mobility of the finger, but also by the deposition of calcium salts in the joint. Therefore, the pain can become permanent.

If bursitis of the finger has developed as a result of a hand injury, it is possible that this inflammatory process will be accompanied by the appearance of an infection in the joint capsule. During the combined action of pathogenic microflora and the consequences of the injury, a purulent form of bursitis develops. In this case, the symptoms of the disease are expressed more acutely: severe pain appears not only in the finger, but also in the hand; the general body temperature rises; weakness appears; headache occurs; nausea and dizziness may appear, and so on.

Bursitis of the thumb

When the big toe is injured or infected, bursitis, an inflammatory disease of the joint bags, may develop in its joints. A small swelling appears in the area of the affected joint, which begins to turn red. Then pain occurs, as well as noticeable limitations in the mobility of the joint. This is what is called acute bursitis.

Various manifestations of bursitis of the thumb are described in the section “Bursitis of the finger”, and the symptoms and causes of this disease of the thumb are indicated in the relevant sections.

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Bursitis of the index finger

Bursitis of the index finger occurs for the same reasons as bursitis of the thumb. These can be various bruises and other injuries, micro-wounds, infections, etc. The symptoms of bursitis of the index finger and its forms coincide with the forms and manifestations of the disease of the other fingers of the hand. Therefore, to obtain more detailed information, it is worth reading the section "Bursitis of the finger", as well as the previous sections.

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Diagnosis of bursitis of the finger

Diagnosis of inflamed bursae that are not located as deep as the others is not particularly difficult. At the same time, errors in diagnosis are practically excluded, since the clinical signs of the disease are clearly manifested. To establish the correct diagnosis, it is necessary to undergo an examination by a specialist - a surgeon.

If after examining the affected joint a puncture was taken from the cavity of the joint capsule, then by examining the exudate it is possible to determine the form of the disease. It is precisely determined what kind of exudate we are dealing with - serous, purulent, hemorrhagic, purulent-hemorrhagic.

When examining the exudate, the characteristics of the pathogenic microflora in the affected joint capsule are determined, which facilitates the accuracy of complex conservative treatment. Not only the type of microflora is determined, but also its resistance or sensitivity to antibiotics.

If the diagnosis determines the serous form of bursitis, then further diagnostic procedures determine whether this disease is non-specific or specific. The non-specific form of serous bursitis occurs as a result of injuries, and the specific form of this disease is caused by a number of infections. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the specificity of the infection, that is, to confirm or refute the presence of gonococci, spirochetes, brucellosis, etc. in the inflamed joint. Such a diagnosis is established by collecting anamnesis, examining the patient, bacteriological examination of exudate, and the results of certain serological reactions.

X-ray diagnostics is also used to diagnose bursitis. Bursae that are located shallowly under the skin are diagnosed using this method to confirm the diagnosis established earlier during the anamnesis. X-ray diagnostics of bursae located deep under the skin is of great importance. In this case, it is impossible to correctly establish a diagnosis based only on examination of the patient.

For the same purpose as radiography, the method of ultrasound diagnostics of an inflamed joint is used.

In differential diagnostics of bursitis, it can be distinguished from arthritis due to the preservation of joint mobility, albeit in a reduced form. It is also necessary to conduct differential diagnostics of bursitis with deforming osteoarthrosis.

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Treatment of bursitis of the finger

Treatment of bursitis includes the use of local and general conservative treatment methods, and if there is no result, then surgical treatment methods are used followed by conservative therapy.

Treatment of acute bursitis of the finger at an early stage of the disease begins with the use of the following procedures:

• To relieve inflammation, ice is applied to the affected area.
• Rest is recommended for the limb with the inflamed finger.
• A pressure, fixing bandage is applied to the injured area.
• Special compresses are applied to the affected area; recipes for these are given in the section “Treatment of bursitis of the big toe.”
• Warming compresses are used.
• Vishnevsky ointment is applied to the inflamed area of the finger and fixed with a compress.
• Anti-inflammatory agents for local use are used, such as Diclac gel, Voltaren emulgel, Nise gel.

If treatment of acute bursitis has not begun at an early stage, then other conservative treatment methods should be used:

• Pain-relieving medications.
• Antibiotics.
• Sulfanilamide and nitrufan drugs.
• Injections of corticosteroids into the area of the affected joint capsule.
• For the fastest possible resorption of exudate and anti-inflammatory effect, physiotherapeutic methods of treatment are used:
  • dry heat is applied;
  • ultraviolet irradiation of the affected joint area is used every other day using four to six biodoses;
  • microwave therapy is used with a heat output of thirty to sixty watts for ten to fifteen minutes every other day; repeat treatment is required after three to four weeks;
  • The greatest effect is achieved by alternating microwave therapy with the effect of a UHF field on the area of the affected joint transversely for eight to ten minutes;
  • daily use of UHF procedures, with the duration of sessions indicated above;
  • a week after the inflammatory processes have subsided, induction therapy with a small disk with a current of 150–200 mA can be used for twenty minutes every day;
  • Paraffin applications with a temperature of 48 to 55 degrees are applied to the area of the affected joint;
  • Ozokerite applications are used at the same temperature as paraffin ones.
• Massage and therapeutic exercise help to eliminate inflammatory processes.

If the serous form of acute bursitis is detected, it is necessary to resort to its active treatment in order to prevent the appearance of the purulent form of the disease.

Treatment of the purulent form of bursitis is performed using surgical intervention:

• First of all, the treatment of an abscess is carried out using a puncture method.
• If this method does not help, then the abscess is opened surgically. An operation is performed to cut the joint capsule and remove the pus. After that, the purulent wound is treated based on general rules. This method has a significant drawback - the wound after the operation usually takes a long time to heal.

Treatment of traumatic acute bursitis of non-specific origin is carried out by introducing 25-50 mg of hydrocortisone into the cavity of the joint capsule together with antibiotics. This procedure is carried out two to five times a day. Before carrying out such a procedure, anesthesia is carried out by introducing eight to ten ml of a two-percent solution of novocaine. In this case, it is necessary to carefully monitor the aseptic nature of the procedure, because if the correct administration of drugs is violated, unforeseen serious complications may occur.

The gonorrheal form of bursitis consists of prompt therapy of the underlying disease that caused the bursitis. Physiotherapeutic procedures are also used, which will be discussed below when we talk about the treatment of chronic bursitis. With a large amount of exudate, a puncture of the joint capsule is performed to remove it. After eliminating the exudate, the cavity is washed with an antibiotic solution. Also, with purulent bursitis, the use of active and passive movements in the joints is recommended to prevent the formation of contracture.

The tuberculous form of bursitis also begins with the treatment of the underlying disease. In some cases, extirpation of the affected synovial bursa is used.

Treatment of chronic bursitis is carried out using the following procedures:

1. Application of warming up the area of the affected joint.
2. Physiotherapeutic procedures that have an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and resorption effect. The following are used:
   • ultraviolet irradiation of the affected area using two to three biodoses, which is carried out every other day;
   • electrophoresis together with novocaine, which are applied transversely to the joint area for twenty to thirty minutes every day or every other day;
   • It is also shown to apply a UHF field transversely to the area of the pathological process for ten to fifteen minutes every day or every other day;
   • microwave therapy is used on the affected area every day or every other day, with a repeat course of treatment being carried out after one and a half to two months;
   • use of ultrasound therapy in the area of the affected joint capsule for six to ten minutes every day or every other day;
   • paraffin applications at a temperature of fifty to fifty-five degrees on the area of the affected joint for twenty to forty minutes every day or every other day;
   • ozokerite applications at the same temperature, duration and frequency of treatment sessions as paraffin applications;
   • use of inductotherapy of the area of the diseased joint capsule a week after the exacerbation of the disease using a small disk for twenty to twenty-five minutes every day or every other day.
3. Surgical treatment methods, if previous methods have proven ineffective. The following surgical intervention methods are used:
   • puncture method, when the synovial sac is punctured and the exudate is sucked out; after which the cavity is treated with antiseptic or antibiotic solutions;
   • opening of the joint capsule - the inflamed bursa is cut, cleaned of exudate and cauterized with an alcohol solution of iodine or a five percent solution of carbolic acid;
   • It happens that during an autopsy it is necessary to partially excise the affected joint capsule;
   • the upper wall of the joint capsule is removed, and then the cavity is treated with an alcohol solution of iodine;
   • the synovial sac is opened and tamponed;
   • In the most extreme, advanced cases, a radical method is used, when the joint capsule is removed without opening it.

Surgical methods of treating bursitis are used for any form of the disease if conservative general and local treatment has not yielded results.

In the treatment of subacute and chronic forms of bursitis, the method of radiation therapy is used. It has an anti-inflammatory effect, relieves pain, and also restores impaired trophism. First of all, in modern medicine, X-ray therapy is used. The severity of the inflammatory process determines the necessary doses and frequency of irradiation. If there are no exacerbations, then the therapy is carried out every forty-eight hours. Improvement of the patient's condition, namely a change in the nature of pain or its complete disappearance, improvement in the quality and range of motion in the joint occurs during the treatment. Although, in some cases, the effect of the applied therapy is felt two to three weeks after the end of treatment.

Treatment of big toe bursitis

Treatment for big toe bursitis can be:

• conservative,
• using traditional medicine methods
• surgical.

Conservative treatment

Conservative treatment is the initial stage of treatment and begins with taking hygienic measures. First of all, you need to take care of comfortable shoes in which the load on the big toe will be minimal. Therefore, high-heeled shoes for women should be hidden deep in the closet and forgotten.

For the same purpose, it is necessary to use shoes with orthopedic insoles in everyday life, as well as soft pads for the big toe.

The direct conservative method of treatment consists of using ointments and gels with anti-inflammatory action, which are rubbed into the skin. Nise-gel, Diclac-gel, Voltaren-emulgel are well suited for these purposes.

If exudate has already accumulated in the cavity of the joint capsule, it must be punctured so that the fluid comes out. After the puncture, the exudate must be sucked out, and then a steroid hormone drug, such as Kenalog, must be injected in its place. Drugs of this group remove inflammation in the joint capsule.

If pus has already accumulated in the bursa of the big toe joint or there is a suspicion of infection, then antibiotics are prescribed for such manifestations of the disease.

During the recovery period after the acute form of the disease has been relieved, the use of physiotherapeutic procedures is indicated, for example, electrophoresis, ozokerite, paraffin.

If bursitis of the big toe is a complication of another, previously occurring disease, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive treatment - both the underlying disease and the consequences.

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Treatment with traditional medicine methods

Of course, you should not use folk methods of treating bursitis without consulting your doctor. If the use of folk methods does not interfere with the main treatment, then you should use the following recommendations:

• Take equal parts of burdock roots, St. John's wort, and yarrow. Add one tablespoon of the mixture to water and boil for five minutes. Then strain the decoction. Take clean gauze or a cloth, soak it in the decoction, and apply it to the inflamed area. Then cover the cloth with compression paper or cellophane, and then secure it with a bandage.
• One teaspoon of vinegar is mixed with one teaspoon of honey, after which you need to apply a compress from this mixture.
• Take equal parts of honey and grated laundry soap, mix everything thoroughly. Add a medium-sized onion to the mixture, which also needs to be chopped first. The resulting "remedy" is applied to the inflamed joint.
• You need to take clean sand and heat it in a frying pan. After that, you need to pour it into a cloth bag and apply it to the affected area of the joint.

Surgical treatment methods

If previous treatment methods have shown their ineffectiveness, which is manifested in increased pain, as well as an increase in the valgus angle and increased deviations in gait, then surgical intervention must be used.

First of all, it is necessary to use the bursectomy method, which is considered the simplest and least traumatic of the possible methods of surgical treatment. This operation consists of removing the ossified growth and the hypertrophied section of the metatarsal bone. This surgical intervention is carried out using an incision in the skin, muscles, etc. Then a surgical electric knife is inserted through the incision, which is able to remove the excess increase in bone tissue.

If surgical treatment is carried out when the disease is in an advanced stage, then foot plastic surgery is performed using the osteomy method. The operation is performed using several incisions on the big toe and on the back of the foot. After that, thanks to a special technique, the bones of the toe and the first metatarsal bone are displaced. The displaced bones are fixed using metal structures. The goal of this method of treatment is to eliminate or reduce the valgus angle. Then, after the operation, for six to eight weeks, hygienic procedures associated with the foot are of particular importance. It is necessary to wear loose shoes, treat wounds in the manner and with the frequency prescribed by the doctor. You should also avoid moisture and water, as well as hypothermia of the operated foot.

Prevention of bursitis of the finger

Prevention of bursitis of the finger consists of the following:

• It is necessary to avoid constant loads on the fingers and toes, long-term carrying of weights. When playing sports, the load on the limbs should be dosed in accordance with the preparation and general physical development of the athlete.
• You should not engage in traumatic sports that lead to bruises and other injuries to your fingers and toes. If such activities are unavoidable, you should protect your joint bags from injury by wearing gloves on your hands and special shoes on your feet.
• If an injury occurs, it is necessary to begin timely treatment to exclude complications of the injury in the form of bursitis. In case of injury, for example, it is necessary to treat the wound with antiseptics - using hydrogen peroxide, and then apply a bactericidal bandage to the wound. In case of injury without injury, it is necessary to put ice on the injured area, and also provide rest for the limb. After this, you should immediately seek help from a traumatologist. It is also necessary to begin timely treatment of pustular diseases that are not associated with inflammation of the joint capsule, but which are located in this area.
• It is necessary to begin correction of foot joint deformation in a timely manner in order to prevent bursitis of the toes.
• To prevent bunions, wear comfortable, roomy shoes with a small, stable heel. It is especially worth noting for women that heeled shoes are not intended for everyday wear and should only be worn on special occasions.
• If your job requires you to be on your feet all the time, then to prevent bursitis of the toes, you should sit down and rest periodically. Also, doing gymnastic exercises during the day to relieve leg fatigue will be a good help.
• In the evening, after a working day, you should resort to small exercises that are aimed at preventing overloads of the lower limbs. It is best to do inverted yoga asanas, as well as exercises lying on your back with shaking your vertically extended arms and legs. You can also lie on your back for a while with your legs raised and leaning against the wall.
• During the day, when working with a heavy load on the joints of the arms and legs, do special gymnastics for the feet and hands to prevent bursitis.
• It is necessary to treat existing infectious diseases that can provoke the appearance of a specific form of bursitis.

Prognosis of bursitis of the finger

The prognosis of bursitis of the finger in the acute form of the disease is associated with the degree of pathological processes that have arisen in the affected joint capsule. A favorable prognosis for recovery occurs in acute bursitis, when changes in the tissues of the joint capsules are minimal.

The prevalence of inflammatory processes, as well as the probability of infection and the possibility of spreading the infection, are also taken into account. The state of the patient's immune system and the level of resistance of his body are of no small importance.

If treatment of acute bursitis was started on time, the prognosis for recovery is favorable. If there was a delay in the treatment of the disease, the advanced form of acute bursitis can become chronic. An unfavorable outcome can await a patient with bursitis, which is complicated by arthritis, osteomyelitis, sepsis and fistulas.

Chronic bursitis of the finger of the traumatic form shows a tendency to relapse after surgical treatment in two to two and a half percent of patients.