Burn with oil

A more severe and severe lesion of the mucous membrane and skin is a burn with oil.

In most cases, an oil burn is a thermal damage to the cells of the epidermis or mucosa. Burns can be obtained even when exposed to temperatures above 55 - 60 degrees Celsius.

[1], [2]

Causes of the burnt oil

The reasons causing the burn with oil are several:

1. Careless handling of hot oil.
2. Application of high concentrations of flavored oils.

[3]

Pathogenesis

Do not forget that oil at high temperatures can ignite, which adds more and defeat by fire.

Due to the higher boiling point and viscosity, the oil causes serious harm to the human body. If boiling water more captures the surface layers, the oil affects the deep layers of the epidermis and dermis. This fact is connected with the fact that the oil is harder to remove from the surface of the skin, which increases the time of its destructive effect on the human body.

During the period of thermal damage, the permeability of the vessels increases, which facilitates better penetration of the various macromolecules of the serum and protein into the affected area. This explains the swelling of damaged structures.

If a burn injury covers more than a third of the body surface, the inflammatory reaction also affects undamaged tissues.

If we imagine the scheme of a burn wound, the greatest destruction (necrosis) of cells, nerve endings and vessels is observed in the center, gradually weakening to the edges of the burn area.

A special danger is the oil burn for children and elderly people. Statistics show that two-thirds of all cases of thermal damage occur in everyday life.

[4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]

Symptoms of the burnt oil

Symptoms manifested when a skin burns with oil:

1. Hyperemia of the skin.
2. A sharp pain, right up to a painful shock.
3. The appearance of bubbles filled with a clear liquid.
4. Necrosis of the skin, and with deep damage - cells of the dermis, nerve fibers and blood vessels.
5. Burning.
6. Peeling.
7. Charring of fabrics.
8. Education of erythema.
9. Disturbance of sensitivity.
10. Edema of the affected area.

[11], [12]

First signs

In the first seconds of the lesion, the victim may not even feel pain, and severe pain, leading to loss of consciousness, is also possible. The affected area acquires a red tint. These are the first signs that can be observed when burned with oil.

[13]

Blister from oil burn

If a blister forms on the surface of the skin from the burn with oil, this indicates a severe form of lesion, which corresponds to grade II or III.

It is very important not to damage the blister, thereby opening the infection and pathogenic flora into the body. In the blister is a transparent liquid, which plays a protective antimicrobial and anti-infectious role. If it bursts on its own, then the skin is left, and in the future it will protect against infection.

Burn with hot oil

According to the intensity of the thermal effect, the thermal burn is divided into low-temperature - from 45 ^° C to 100 ^° C (hot oil burn) and high-temperature - from 100 ^° C to 160 ^° C and higher (burn with boiling oil).

When burned with hot oil, the injured person basically gets the first and second degree lesions.

• I degree is a superficial violation of the integrity of tissues. Basically, necrosis affects the epidermal cells to the basal layer. Mostly, the healing of such a burn takes up to two weeks.
• II degree - more severe defeat. The cells of the epidermis and various structures of the dermis are destroyed. Such burns heal slowly, they leave scars. Without treatment in this case can not do, on its own such a wound does not heal.

[14]

Burning with boiling oil

If the temperature of the oil is close to its boiling point, the burn with boiling oil brings severe damage to the body:

• III degree - cell death on the thickness of the entire epidermis and dermis. Blood vessels and nerve fibers are destroyed. In the first seconds after receiving a burn, a narrowing of the lumen of the blood vessels (vasoconstriction) is observed, followed by a rapid expansion (dilatation), which leads to their rupture.

On the surface of the burn, dead tissue can be observed, covered with a moist grayish or dry black and brown scab - formation of coagulated blood, pus and dead tissue.

There is also the IV stage of burning with boiling oil, but it happens extremely rarely. It is characterized by the destruction of muscle and bone tissue. The probability of a lethal outcome is great.

[15], [16]

Sunflower oil burn

Medical statistics indicate that the cause of injury in our area of residence is in most cases a sunflower oil burn. The boiling point of refined sunflower oil - 150 - 200 ^of C, unrefined sunflower oil - 120 - 150 ^of C. Depending on the plant product temperature and time of its contact with the skin of man and obtain lesion severity.

Burn with tea tree oil or fir oil

Today, for medical purposes, quite often resort to the help of flavored oils. If they are misused or the oil itself is not of high quality, you can get a burn, for example, tea tree oil or fir oil (other essential oils).

With non-thermal character of the burn, the symptom of the lesion is hyperemia, pain syndrome, burning, drying and peeling of the epidermis.

The severity of such a lesion is equated with a burn of the 1st degree and requires appropriate therapy.

[17], [18], [19], [20], [21]

Complications and consequences

In the case of severe damage to the body during a burn, untimely or incorrect first aid, severe consequences and complications of burns with oil are possible. On their basis can develop:

• Syndrome of endogenous intoxication.
• Burn infection and burn sepsis.
• Hypovolemia.
• Hypervolaemia.
• Metabolic acidosis.
• Congestive heart failure.
• Acute hypertension.
• Hypernatremia.
• Hyperkalemia.
• Hypocalcemia.
• Hypomagnesemia.
• Hypophosphatemia.
• Myocardial infarction.
• Arrhythmias.
• Loss of electrolytes and acid imbalance.
• Myocarditis and endocarditis.
• Injury to the respiratory tract.
• Atalektaz and pneumonia.
• Hydrothorax.
• Adrenal insufficiency.
• Respiratory distress syndrome.
• Pneumothorax.
• Deficiency of oxygen in the blood.
• Anemia.
• Oliguria.
• Leukopenia.
• Thrombocytopenia.
• Coagulopathy.
• Ulcerative lesion of the mucosa of the digestive tract.
• Intestinal obstruction (mainly in children with a large area of burn injury).
• Hyperglycemic syndrome.

[22], [23], [24], [25], [26]

Diagnostics of the burnt oil

Directly diagnosing burns with oil is the differential diagnosis of the severity of the body's damage, the observed complications and concomitant diseases.

 In this case, the doctor estimates:

1. Area of defeat.
2. Depth of defeat.
3. The presence of infection, a purulent process.
4. Are there any symptoms of burn disease with the further development of burn shock.

To assess the severity of the lesion, the doctor uses a prognostic index (ITP), which is established based on the depth and area of the site affected by the burn.

 The calculation of ITP is carried out according to the percentage of the affected area of the body: for each percentage is charged from one to four points. An aggravating factor is the burn injury of the respiratory system: if the respiratory tract is not affected, 15 points can be assigned, in case of their defeat this figure doubles.

Differential diagnosis of burns with oil allows you to establish the degree of severity:

1. Light - the surface of the lesion is less than 15% of the victim's body area, depth - does not exceed 5%, the airways are not affected.
2. Medium - the surface of the lesion is less than 20% of the victim's body area, depth - does not exceed 10%.
3. Severe - the surface of the lesion exceeds 20% of the victim's body area, the depth - exceeds 10%, the airways suffered from burns.
4. The agonizing state - the lesion exceeds 60% of the victim's body area, the depth of the burn wound is more than 50%, the airways have suffered from burns.

[27], [28]

Treatment of the burnt oil

The protocol of treatment depends on the established degree of damage to the patient's body due to burns with oil.

If the lesion is qualified as an easy degree, the healing process proceeds independently. The doctor's intervention is not required. Usually, healing takes 3 - 5 days, scars are not formed.

When diagnosing II degree of damage, tissue regeneration takes several weeks, it is possible to form a scar. A doctor - therapist or surgeon - can be prescribed drugs that can speed up the process of tissue regeneration, painkillers and antiseptics.

Burn III degree oil without the help of medical therapy can not be cured. In this situation, a skin transplant operation may be required.

If the eye is affected with a burn, consultation and examination by a specialist is mandatory even with a minor lesion of the sclera.

Physiotherapeutic procedures may be prescribed: ultrasound therapy, magnetotherapy, mud therapy.

At a burn of IV degree or agonizing condition of the patient intensive resuscitation is carried out.

In case of severe damage, medical care should be provided on site: the patient is given a solution of omnopon or promedol. It is recommended to give the victim to drink at least half a liter of water, in which a quarter of a teaspoon of sodium chloride (table salt) and a quarter of a teaspoon of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) (infusion therapy) were dissolved.

It is necessary to give the victim 1-2 g of acetylsalicylic acid and 50 mg of diphenhydramine.

After delivery of the patient to the hospital, he is injected into the vein:

• 5% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution - 200 - 250 ml.
• Polyglucin - 0,4 - 0,8 l (protivoshok preparation showing a pronounced hemodynamic effect).
• 5% glucose solution - 0.5 - 1 l.
• Korglikon - 1 ml.
• Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate - 0.2 g.
• If there are signs of pulmonary edema - 25 - 50 ml of pentamine.

In such a situation, operative dissection of the affected area can be shown to cause bleeding. The wound is treated and a sterile bandage is applied. After removing the patient from a difficult condition, symptomatic treatment continues, prevention of tetanus.

Continuous monitoring of the patient's condition is necessary.

What should I do if I burn with oil at home?

If the trauma occurred at home, the first thing to do is to provide the victim with first aid. If the patient is able to move - you can independently deliver it to the emergency station. If the condition is serious - you need to call an ambulance.

First aid for an oil burn

The first aid consists in a number of measures, which must be done with the oil burn.

1. If the victim is in serious condition: assess the patency of the airways, the condition of the bones. Perhaps the victim should not be touched. Call for emergency care.
2. Primarily, the affected area should be held under cold running water. This will reduce the contact temperature of the oil with the skin and prevent further destruction of cells. The pain will also decrease. To sustain during 20 - 30 minutes.
3. If such an action is difficult to make, a cryocompress - cold water or ice from the refrigerator - will do.
4. Clothes attached to the burned epidermis can not be torn off, if necessary, cut around the wounds.
5. After cooling, place the burn with a waffle towel or gauze, use a terry towel or cotton wool for drying. It is strictly forbidden (pile can get into the wound).
6. The area around the burn should be treated with an antiseptic. Remove foreign matter from the burn zone.
7. For mild hyperemia and absence of blisters, the lesion site should be treated with a special preparation (for example, aerosol with pentanol). Do not cover with a sterile tissue.
8. If there is a more severe degree of injury, cover the wound with a sterile napkin, fix with a soft cloth or bandage and contact a specialized clinic for further medical assistance.

Correctly rendered first aid for an oil burn will prevent infection of the lesion and tissue necrosis.

Common mistakes in the provision of first aid for burns with oil:

1. Do not apply cold vegetable oil or chicken protein to the wound - you can infect the affected area.
2. For the same reason, you can not pierce the emerging blisters.
3. Clean the wound without using an anesthetic and a sterile dressing.
4. Incorrect dressing.
5. Use of the harness without extreme necessity.
6. You can not treat the burn with vegetable oil, fat cream.

[29], [30]

Oil burn remedies

The most commonly used means of burns with oil:

In the role of antiseptics are used: alcohol-free forms of iodine (iodopyrone solution), hydrogen peroxide.

To improve tissue regeneration, pentanol, solcoseryl, dimexide, solkotrihovac, olazol, betadine, solotik, dioxizol darnitsa, solo aqua, miramistin-darnitsa can be prescribed.

The most convenient form of panthenol is spray. Before using, a can of medicine must be shaken well. Apply the medicine by holding the container vertically. The valve-distributor must be on top. The medicine is sprayed onto the damaged area 3 - 5 times a day. The duration of the course of therapy depends on the severity of the lesion and the effectiveness of the treatment.

The container with panthenol is forbidden to use in proximity to an open flame or to allow its intensive heating. It is unacceptable to dispose of the used balloon into the fire.

Panthenol is approved for use by pregnant or lactating women. Contraindicated with individual intolerance to the components of the drug.

One of the side effects of using pentanol may be the manifestation of symptoms of an allergic reaction.

Olazol spray before shaving on the skin should be shaken well. Remove the protective cap and apply a thin layer on the burned area. The number of daily procedures is 1 - 2.

The duration of therapy is from a week to a month.

Olazole spray is not prescribed for individual intolerance to levomycetin or other components of the composition, with kidney dysfunction, women during pregnancy and lactation.

During the period of use, the olazole spray may cause side effects in the form of:

1. Allergic reaction of the body:
   • Drying of the skin.
   • Itching.
   • Hyperemia of the skin.
   • Rash.
2. Oliguria.
3. Nausea.
4. Diarrhea.
5. Vomiting.
6. Convulsions.
7. Headache.
8. Confusion of consciousness.
9. Rarely is the state of shock.

Dioxysol - Darnitsa is appointed externally, topically, after sanitized treatment of the burn zone (exudate and necrotic tissue sites are removed).

Sterile gauze in several additions is impregnated with a drug and applied to the affected area. On top of the sterile bandaging material is fixed with a band-aid or bandage. The compress is changed once a day for one to two weeks.

Dioxysol - Darnitsa can cause side effects: bradycardia, arterial hypertension, depression, dermatitis, neurosis, allergic reaction.

Dioxysol - Darnitsa is not prescribed for hypersensitivity to the components of the composition, with cardiogenic shock, decreased heart rate, pregnancy and lactation, AV blockade of II - III degree, decreased heart rate, as well as during the child or adolescent age of the patient.

Betadine is prescribed in the form of an ointment, as well as a solution for external use.

The preparation is applied in a heated to a temperature of 35 - 36 ^{of the} C form. The ointment is applied directly to the wound. Solution (diluted or concentrated) on sterile dressings applied to the wound. Change of dressing - one - twice a day for two weeks.

To the contra-indications of betadin use include the history of endemic goiter, During's herpetiform dermatitis, hyperteriosis, renal insufficiency, colloid nodular goitre, Hashimoto thyroiditis, individual hypersensitivity to iodine or other components of betadine, children up to a year.

Betadine can cause an adverse reaction: hyperthyroidism and / or an allergic reaction to the drug. Rarely - anaphylactic shock, psoriasis-like dermatitis, impaired electrolyte metabolism, development of acute renal failure.

Anti-inflammatory drugs: ketoprofen, ketorolac. To relieve pain the doctor can prescribe paracetamol, perfalgan. With pain shock, stronger narcotic analgesics are prescribed: morphine, omnopon, promedol.

Ointment from burns oil

Predominantly, if the skin of the I - II degree, received from burns with oil, is affected, ointments are prescribed: synthomycin ointment, levomecol, actovegin, vocadin, eplan, levosin, rescuer, dioxycol, furacilin ointment, dermazine.

Levosine is heated to body temperature and impregnated with a sterile tissue (napkin or gauze in several additions). The application is applied to the area affected by the burn after cleaning the wound from pus and necrotic tissues. If purulent cavities are significant in size, then after their sanitation the drug can be injected into them with a syringe.

Contraindications to the use of ointment is hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

Dermazin can be applied directly to a sterile wound or to a napkin that will cover the burned area. The drug is applied in a layer of 2 - 4 mm along the edges of the wound. The procedure is carried out 1 to 2 times a day. The duration of treatment depends on the rate of tissue regeneration.

Use in the treatment of the drug can cause the emergence of side symptoms: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, dyspepsia, hepatitis, allergies, leukopenia, skin pigmentation abnormalities, hepatocellular necrosis, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, agranulocytosis.

Dermazin is not prescribed with increased sensitivity of the body to compounds of silver, sulfonamides and other components of the drug.

Levomekol is appointed externally. Ointment, warmed to a temperature of 35 - 36 ^о С, is applied with a thin layer on a multilayer sterile gauze or napkin. The application is carried out on a pre-cleaned wound. In the presence of abscesses, after surgical treatment, ointment can be injected into purulent cavities.

Contraindications to the appointment of ointments levomecol include an increased sensitivity to the composition of the drug.

Possible side effects of the medication are symptoms of an allergic reaction.

Solcoseryl is administered topically and applied directly to the wound. In purulent wounds, treatment with solcoseryl requires surgical treatment of the burn. The gel is applied to a fresh wound, ulcers, a small layer twice - three times a day. At the beginning of epithelialization (granulation of the tissue), it is advisable to switch to an ointment, which is applied a thin layer once or twice a day. Top with a sterile bandage.

With a severe degree of burn, it is recommended to take parenteral form of solcoseryl together with ointment.

The use of the drug can cause a number of side effects: marginal dermatitis, rash, burning and itching.
Solcoseryl is not prescribed if the patient has a history of hypersensitivity to one of the components of the drug. With caution to women during pregnancy and lactation.

Ointment The rescuer is applied to a clean and dried surface. Pre-tube with the drug warms up in his hands, bringing to the temperature of the body. At the top, the wound is covered with a sterile bandage. The number of procedures - 2 - 4 times a day.

Contraindications for the appointment of ointments include increased sensitivity to the composition of the drug, the presence of a chronic wound process. Pregnancy and lactation period is not a contraindication for the woman to use the ointment. Rescuer.

The side effects are: burning, itching, rash, hyperemia of the epidermis, exacerbation of the inflammatory process.

Alternative treatment

With a mild degree of oil burn or medium degree, but as an auxiliary therapy, alternative treatment can be used. We are ready to offer some of the huge list of recipes that allow to remove pain and inflammation, activate the process of cell regeneration and protect against infection.

Recipe number 1 - to the wound, you can apply crushed pulp of pumpkin or gruel from raw potatoes.

Recipe № 2 - egg-sour mixture:

1. Prepare a "medicine" by mixing the egg yolk of one egg, 2 tablespoons of sour cream and 1 tablespoon of sunflower oil.
2. Apply a thick layer to the burned area and cover with a sterile bandage.
3. The procedure is carried out once a day.

Recipe № 3 - potato-honey dressing:

1. Crude the raw potatoes and take 100 grams of gruel.
2. Add 1 teaspoon of honey. Mix well.
3. "Medicine" to put on a sterile multilayer gauze or napkin.
4. Apply to the burn and leave for a couple of hours, fixing with a soft cloth.
5. The remains should be carefully removed.
6. This procedure is carried out several times a day.

Recipe number 4 - tea tea (suitable for both black and green varieties):

1. Brew strong tea.
2. Cool to 13 - 15 ° C.
3. Apply gauze soaked in tea leaves.
4. As the drying, gauze update.
5. This procedure is carried out several times a day for one to two weeks.

[31], [32], [33]

Herbal Treatment

You can not exclude and treatment with herbs. With oil burns, infusions and decoctions of medicinal herbs such as medicinal veronica, aloe leaves, Kalanchoe, eucalyptus, oak bark, ivy, stinging nettle, clover meadow, sea buckthorn crumbly, cabbage leaves will suit the burns.

Several effective recipes:

Prescription number 1 - juice of aloe or calanchoe:

1. Cut the plant leaf, rinse and dry it.
2. Cut the hard top layer.
3. Attach the leaf to the wound and attach it with a bandage.

Such a recipe works well for a developing purulent process. Sheets of Kalanchoe perfectly draw pus from the wound.

Recipe No. 2 - tincture of Veronica officinalis:

1. 20 g of dry and crushed product pour 200 - 250 ml of boiling water.
2. Cool and apply to sanitize wounds.

Recipe number 3 - decoction of the bark of oak:

1. 40 g of dry and crushed product pour 200 - 250 ml of boiling water.
2. Boil for 10 minutes. To leave from a plate.
3. Infuse until cooled.
4. Use as wound healing lotions.

Recipe number 4 - decoction of the drug:

1. Take one tablespoon of St. John's wort and calendula flowers, 2 tablespoons of white lily flowers and blueberry leaves. All ingredients are well mixed.
2. Collect half-liter of sunflower oil.
3. Leave in a dark place for nine days.
4. Drain and use liquid to wash the hearth of the burn.

Homeopathy

Good results of healing burns with oil show preparations of homeopathy. Depending on the extent of the lesion, the homeopathic doctor can offer:

At the first degree of a burn - the preparation of apis and belladonna.

In the form of peas, a drug is prescribed for 3 peas of belladonna and 3 peaches of apis, taken three times a day.

Externally, ointments prepared on the basis of these plants are used.

Contraindication to the use of preparations of belladonna and apis can be the individual intolerance of the organism of a diseased plant product.

Against the background of the use of the drug may appear side effects in the form of allergy symptoms.

At the second degree of a burn - a drug of a cantharum and belladonna.

In the form of peas, the drug is assigned to 3 peas of belladonna and 3 peas of canthar, taken 3-4 times a day. Homeopathic treatment is conducted as an auxiliary method of standard traditional therapy.

Preparations of cantharide and belladonna are not prescribed if there is a hypersensitivity of the organism to these plants.

On the background of treatment may appear side effects in the form of allergy symptoms.

With a third degree of burn, homeopathic preparations are usually not prescribed. More powerful medicines, prescribed by traditional medicine, are needed here.

Prevention

It is very important to prevent burns, in particular burns with oil. Specialists give a few simple tips that can be saved from this:

1. Do not leave hot oil unattended, especially if the child is playing next to it.
2. Do not use scented oils of poor quality.
3. When treating with aromatic oils, dilute before use in a ratio recommended by the manufacturer.

To avoid a burn with essential oil, you must adhere to certain rules:

1. Never apply a concentrated aromatic oil to the mucosa or epidermis. It should be diluted in the manufacturer's recommended proportions. This is especially true for its oral administration, since the treatment of internal burns of the mucosa is longer and more difficult.
2. Concentrated oils should be stored in places inaccessible to children.
3. It should be remembered that essential oils do not dissolve in water and their aqueous solution is only an illusion. Since the oil has a density below the water, it accumulates thin film on the surface of the liquid, which can lead to a burn. Before taking a bath, the essential oil should be dissolved in one of such substances as kefir, milk, cream, honey, alcohol.

If a mixture of ethers is used in cosmetic procedures or treatment, its use meets the same requirements as in the case of using one of the oils.

Each oil has its own percentage of dilution, but on average it is recommended to take one drop of aromatic oil per 10 liters of water.

There are a number of recommendations that allow you to take aromatizing baths, without the risk of getting a burn:

1. Primarily wash the body with soap and rinse with a shower.
2. The first time - a medical bath takes 10 minutes.
3. Therapeutic and cosmetic baths are performed on an empty stomach, alcoholic beverages are not allowed.
4. The water temperature is not more than 38 ° C.

[34], [35], [36]

Forecast

The prognosis of therapy after oil burns depends on the degree of severity of the pathology and the timely provision of adequate medical care. Statistics show that with a prognostic index (ITP) of less than 30 points, the prognosis of the disease is favorable. If ITP falls within an interval of 30 to 60 points - the likelihood of a favorable outcome is high. If the oil burn shows ITP falling within the range of 60 to 90 points - the probability of a favorable outcome is low, but still exists. If the prognostic index is above 90 points - the probability of a lethal outcome is high.

The defeat of the respiratory tract significantly worsens the prognosis.

[37]