Bone sarcoma

Bone sarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of malignancy that occurs mainly in hard tissues, mainly in bones in the human body.

To date, as well as in the case of many other kinds of oncological lesions, it is difficult to give an exact answer to the question of what exact mechanisms exist for the development of this disease. With all the grounds, it can only be asserted that cancer of this type is characterized by aggressive properties, and it is primary, that is, that its appearance is not caused due to the presence of any other oncology.

As the corresponding medical statistics testify, the greatest quantity of cases of a sarcoma of a bone is necessary for the age period of 14-27 years. In this case, there is a regularity in the prevalence in the total number of all patients, mainly male patients. Bone sarcomas tend to form in such localizations most typical for them in the human body as a combination of the bones of the knee joint, in the pelvic bones and in the shoulder girdle. Whether it is possible to assert that the physical activity of young people at a given age becomes a factor determining the onset of such a disease, or it is related to the features of the functioning of these parts of the bone system, experts oncologists have not yet been fully clarified.

Sarcoma bone is a rare, and yet a serious enough cancer that can affect both children and adolescents, and young people. This bone oncology does not lend itself to differential diagnosis, and the onset of its clinical manifestations often occurs as a consequence of various kinds of trauma.

[1], [2], [3]

Causes of bone sarcoma

The causes of bone sarcoma are not fully established in medical science.

With a high incidence of cases, this malignant disease occurs due to human traumatic effects of various traumatic effects. However, here it is necessary to take into account that trauma is peculiar to act only as an adverse factor provoking the onset of progression of bone sarcoma. Trauma in this case is nothing more than a trigger mechanism of such a pathological process.

In addition to trauma and bone damage, the negative effect produced by various viruses, carcinogens and chemical compounds is likely to provoke the onset of this type of cancer in a number of ways.

To the same category of factors causing an increased risk of developing bone sarcoma is the effect of active ionizing radiation. Due to these reasons, the processes of growth of special cells that are unusual for the original type of tissue in which they develop are activated. These are the so-called atypical or low-differentiated cells, that is, the clusters formed by them are cancer in a low-grade form. Moreover, the cellular structure undergoes very significant transformations, which are characterized by very negative properties.

The presence of benign bone diseases, for example fibrous dysplasia and Paget's disease, is also able to act as prerequisites for the emergence of sarcomas on their background.

Based on the fact that the sarcoma of the bone is primarily detected in boys in adolescence, it is suggested that one of its causes may be the processes of active body growth during this period, when bone tissue grows with great intensity. There is a direct correlation between the incidence of bone sarcoma and that of a taller body than a teenager. That is, high-risk boys fall into the risk group at an early age.

So, the causes of sarcoma of the bone can be summarized as follows, divided into three main groups of factors. This is a traumatic, carcinogenic effect of substances harmful to humans and radiation, as well as the processes of stretching bones in the period of active growth of adolescents.

[4], [5], [6], [7]

Symptoms of bone sarcoma

Symptoms of bone sarcoma, as the most characteristic of its manifestations, are reflected in the pains that arise in the early stages of the disease. The appearance of pain is not related to whether there was any physical stress, and also in what position is the patient's body. At first, the appearance of pain occurs sporadically, and they are very vague, but later they begin to localize in the corresponding areas of the body. Painful sensations can be permanent, increase in intensity, and be aching, deep in nature. At rest, the severity of pain symptoms is usually low, but at night, often increasing their intensity, which in turn provokes sleep disorders, causes insomnia.

Tumor formation in sarcoma of bone is dense, fixedly attached to the bone, does not have clear boundaries, palpation may not cause pain, or moderate pain can be noted.

When, as the pathological process of disease progresses, the tumor spreads over a large area of the bone, there is a significant destruction of the functional cells, this causes an increased brittleness of the bones. The risk of fractures increases significantly, the integrity of the bone can break even small bruises and slight falls.

A large-sized sarcoma of the bone can be visualized, but due to the fact that the inflammatory processes are not associated with cancer, the temperature and color of the skin do not change. Therefore, such signs as elevated local temperature and dilated subcutaneous veins should not be associated with the phenomenon of hyperemia of inflammatory genesis.

As the severity of the disease continues to increase in a short time, joint contracture increases, and atrophic processes develop in the muscles. And therefore the patient has to switch to a constant bed rest.

Children have a number of characteristic inherent symptoms, among which there are abdominal pains, nausea, vomiting.

Symptoms of bone sarcoma form a clinical picture of the disease, in which there is a presence of pain, there is a tumor formation, a disruption of functions occurs. In each specific clinical case, signs characteristic of inflammation are not detected. Proceeding from this, there is an urgency of carrying out of roentgenologic diagnostics, and further - application of methods of morphological research.

Femur Sarcoma

Sarcoma of the femur can be a disease that is either primary or secondary. This means that its occurrence

Occurs as a matter of fact in the tissues in the upper leg, and besides this sarcoma can act as a metastasis developing from other sites of tumor localization in the human body.

The appearance of metastases in the femurs and in the soft tissues of the thigh is often associated with the presence of sarcoma in those organs that are located in the small pelvis, when there are new growths in the genitourinary system, as well as in the spine in the sacrococcygeal part of it. The appearance of this type of tumor in the thigh region is also a fairly frequent occurrence, connected with the existence of such a phenomenon as Ewing's sarcoma.

The clinical picture of the femoral sarcoma is often characterized by the fact that, as it progresses, the pathological process spreads either to the knee joint, or in the direction of the hip joint. For a short time, soft tissue adjacent to them also becomes involved. Tumor formation is mainly observed as a bone sarcomatous node, but sometimes there may be a peri-type type of development, in which there is a spread along the diaphysis (long bone) of the bone.

If the cartilage surfaces of nearby joints are affected, chondroosteosarcoma of the hip develops. Since the structure of the tissues of the bone due to the growth of the tumor undergoes weakening, the probability of hip bone fractures increases significantly.

This malignant formation of the femur mainly does not have the appearance of significant pain sensations. The appearance of the pain syndrome is mainly caused by compression of the nearby neural pathways. The pain in this case can cover almost the entire lower limb, including the toes.

The main danger, which is the femoral sarcoma, consists, first of all, in the fact that there is a tendency to a rapid rate of its spread and an increase in the number of tissues that are affected.

[8], [9]

Sarcoma of the tibia

Sarcoma of the tibia is the most common case of osteogenic type sarcoma, which is characterized by the development directly from the bones of the extremities (primary tumor), with localization in proximity to the regions where large joints are located. This is primarily the tibia and bones of the hip. Such an oncological disease is characterized by the appearance of malignant formation having aggressive properties. The bone structure as a result of the presence of the tumor at the site of its localization (in this case it is a long tubular tibia) undergoes significant disturbances, the brittleness and fragility of the bone increases. Significantly, the risk of fractures increases, even due to the most minor traumatic factors. To avoid this, with sarcoma of the tibia, it may often be justified to fix the affected lower limb by imposing a gypsum lapet or some other more modern material.

With this disease, there is the possibility of the appearance of metastases in other bones, as well as in the lungs. Pulmonary micrometastases may be present with approximately 80 percent probability, and they are not fed to detection based on the results of an X-ray study.

To date, a variety of histological varieties of osteogenic sarcoma are known, differing in the degree of negative impact on the bone, showing each their clinical picture, and in varying degrees given to treatment. Before proceeding to therapeutic therapeutic effect, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive examination of the patient. This is required to determine how widespread the tumor process is, at what stage the disease is in order to make a plan for the appropriate medical measures. Sarcoma of the tibia is characterized by a prognostic factor of survival as a whole more favorable than when the femur, pelvic bones or bones in the upper limbs are affected.

Sarcoma of the humerus

Sarcoma of the humerus belongs to those cancers of the limbs of man that they are characterized as secondary. That is, the occurrence of malignant formation in the shoulder bone causes the spread of a specific oncology that takes place to be in the trunk.

The sarcoma of the humerus at the initial stage of the development of the pathological process is not peculiar to declare itself a somewhat pronounced complex of characteristic clinical manifestations. The sarcomatous neoplasm is hidden under the muscular tissue where, over time, its peri-osal distribution in the body of the bone occurs.

The more intensified the negative processes associated with the progression of this disease, the more clearly the symptoms begin to appear. In particular, as the tumor grows, it compresses and damages the blood vessels and nerve pathways present in the shoulder. When the sarcoma spreads upward, to the brachial nervous plexus, responsible for the innervation of the entire arm, these nerve endings, being squeezed, give an emerging painful syndrome in the upper limb. The whole arm becomes painful from the shoulder to the nails, its sensitivity is disturbed. This causes a burning sensation in the affected limb sarcoma, it numbs, there is an illusion of crawling ants on the skin.

In addition, the motor functions are disrupted, the hand weakens, the muscle tone decreases, and the fine motor motility of the fingers worsens. The patient partially loses the ability to manipulate various objects and even just keep them in his hand.

Due to the sarcoma of the humerus, there is a weakening of the bone structure, which is fraught with the possibility of frequent fractures of the shoulder. And cause such a trauma with such a disease in the state of the most minor mechanical effects.

This sarcoma is often accompanied by involvement of the shoulder joint in the development of pathological progress. It gradually intensifies painful feelings, reduces the degree of freedom of movement. Actions in which the hand is understood upward or retracted, become difficult and accompanied by pain.

Sarcoma of the humerus is a secondary cancerous disease metastasizing mainly from such nearby regional lymph nodes as submaxillary and sublingual, in the supra- and subclavian area, in the armpit zone, etc. In the upper arm of the sarcoma, it can also be transmitted from tumors to head, neck, in the chest, from the spine in his thoracic and cervical divisions. Sometimes the phenomenon of distant metastases is also noted from other parts of the body.

Sarcoma of the frontal bone

Sarcoma of the frontal bone in most cases can be characterized as an osteogenic sarcoma, localized mainly in the frontal and occipital bones of the skull.

The greatest number of clinical cases of this disease is recorded in patients of young and middle age. Tumor formation has a broad base and a flattened spherical or ovoid shape. It is a solid, bounded tumor formed by a spongy or compact substance of bone, and has a fairly long growth time

Separate types of this type of neoplasm as an invasive and endovasal. The first form of them demonstrates the properties inherent in all other intracranial tumors, since it grows in the cranial bones and in some cases can extend into the interior of the cranial cavity. This pathological process is accompanied by the appearance of the corresponding symptom complex. Characterized by such symptoms increase the level of intracranial pressure, and in addition the emergence of other focal phenomena that are localized in accordance with the place where the tumor is located inside the cranial cavity.

The main diagnostic measure is the X-ray study. Neoplasm according to its results has the form of a dense shadow with a clearly outlined contour. According to the X-ray, the direction of tumor growth is determined - inside the cavity of the skull or in the frontal sinuses. The detection of intracranial growth of tumor formation, especially if it penetrates into the cranial cavity, causes a critical need for removal of the tumor.

A lesser danger is the case when the sarcoma of the frontal bone is characterized by an endovasional growth direction, that is, when the pathological bone formation is on the outer surface of the skull. The osteogenic sarcoma of the frontal bone, moreover, even if it is large, can bring mainly inconveniences only of a cosmetic nature.

Bone marrow sarcoma

Sarcoma of pelvic bones is a tumor developing in bone tissues, occurring with a relatively small incidence of clinical cases. To have this localization in the human body is mainly peculiar to Ewing's sarcoma. Tumor formation affecting the pelvic bone is more prevalent in male patients than in women. For the first time to meet the manifestations of this cancer, a person can still in childhood or in adolescence.

Initial symptoms that can be indicative of the development of sarcoma of the pelvic bones are, as a rule, the occurrence of blunt pains that are not of great intensity, in the pelvis and buttocks. They often increase body temperature, however, not too much for a short period of time. Painful sensations increase mainly during walking, especially when the hip is affected by the sarcoma.

As the size of the neoplasm in the pelvic bones increases and the pathological dynamics embrace new tissues and organs, the symptoms of pain increase. In the case of a close location of the tumor, the skin begins to show protrusion. There is thinning of the skin and through it the picture formed by the mesh of vessels is visualized. In addition, due to the growth of the sarcoma of the pelvic bones, there is a displacement and squeezing of organs, blood vessels and nerve pathways located in close proximity to it. This leads to a disruption of their normal functioning. The direction of the spread of the pain syndrome is determined by the way in which nerves the tumor produces such a negative effect. Painful sensations, based on this, can occur in the hip, in the perineum, in the genitals.

Sarcoma of pelvic bones is characterized by pronounced malignant properties, which is reflected in high rates of progression of the pathological process and early onset of metastasis of other organs.

[10], [11], [12], [13]

Sarcoma of the hip

The bones of the pelvis represent the organs of secondary ossification, which means that the cartilaginous stage in them occurs not in the period of intrauterine development of the child, but after birth. Because of this circumstance, among oncology, with its localization of pelvic bones, it is equally possible to meet both osteosarcoma developing itself from bone tissue and chondrosarcoma, the basis for which is cartilaginous tissue.

The pathological phenomenon of sarcoma of the hip is also quite common, as it is often called the sarcoma of the hip joint. The human body does not contain anything else that would be like this bone formation. From the union of the femur and pelvic bone where they are articulated, there is a special formation in the form of the hip joint.

Sarkomatous lesion during the progression of the pathological process provokes the appearance of mobility limitations and leads to the appearance of pain contractures. With the further development of this type of malignant lesion, the degree of pain in the palpation process increases. Pain syndrome tends to intensify at night. A characteristic feature in this regard is that the use of anesthetics does not show sufficient effectiveness. And besides, such pains do not show dependence on the level of physical activity during the day.

Sarcoma of the hip is an oncology with extremely aggressive properties. With her already at fairly early stages of the development of this cancer, metastasis begins, and various organs are involved in these pathological processes. Metastases through the circulatory system appear in the lungs, in the brain, etc.

Sarcoidosis of the ilium

The skeleton of the pelvis is formed by a combination of such bones as the iliac, pubic and sciatic. All these bones are paired and united between themselves have the appearance of an osseous ring, which behind is closed by a bone wedge formed by the coccygeal and sacral bone. In each of such pelvic bones, as a result of exposure to certain adverse factors, the development of a malignant disease can begin. The occurrence of sarcomatous lesions is noted with the greatest frequency of cases. Among them, sarcoma of the ilium often occurs.

The iliac bone is the largest of all members of the pelvis. In its right or left wing, there is usually one of the two most common clinical cases in its relation. This is an osteogenic sarcoma, or Ewing's sarcoma.

Lesions of the osteogenic sarcoma of the iliac are affected primarily by children, which are characteristic for sarcoma localization are flat bones. In view of the fact that diagnosis of this oncology at early stages is associated with considerable difficulties, when hospitalization of patients of early childhood in the lungs they already have metastasis and the condition is often incurable, that is, not given treatment. Older children may suffer from sarcoma, which, arising at the base of the ilium, spreads over its wing over time.

Despite the fact that for Ewing sarcoma it is inherent mainly to settle in long tubular bones, in diaphyseal parts of them, it is also able to localize in flat bones, including some of the wings of the ilium. This happens in slightly less than half the total number of cases.

Sarcoid ileal bone among all other cancers of tumors in the pelvic bones is a fairly common pathological phenomenon, which affects both children and adults. Their treatment is in many cases a very difficult process and requires both considerable medical effort and takes a lot of the patient's strength. Difficulties begin already at the stage of diagnosing the disease, as it is not well served by diagnosis in an X-ray study. To clear the diagnosis more generally, an open biopsy is required. Radiological therapy is ineffective.

Parostal bone sarcoma

Parostal bone sarcoma is characterized as one of the forms of malignant damage to the bone that can take osteosarcoma. This disease is noted in approximately 4% of all cases of sarcomas developing in bone tissue, which relates this type of bone cancer to the category of rare tumors.

The specific properties of parostal sarcoma of bone consist in the fact that the growth and spread of it occurs over the surface of the bone without significantly penetrating into it. Another characteristic feature of this major sarcoma of all other bone cancers is its relatively lower rate of progression of the pathological process. On the basis of this, it can be asserted that in the parostal sarcoma of the bone there is also a slightly smaller expression of its malignant properties.

Typical localization for this sarcoma is the knee joint, at this location its tumor formation is detected in more than 2/3 of all cases. In addition, tumor development can occur on the tibia and in the proximal part of the shoulder bone.

As for the age range in which the period in which the bone lesion occurs most often occurs, about 70% of clinical cases are observed in people over 30 years of age. Significantly less common in children under 10 years of age, as well as in people after 60 years of age.

On the basis of gender, between men and women, the frequency of cases is distributed approximately evenly.

Sarcomatous neoplasm shows a symptom of pain when pressed, when palpation is detected as a dense fixed mass. Among the most basic manifestations is observed in the first place the presence of puffiness, and then - painful sensations.

Due to the significantly prolonged progression of the disease, the diagnosis may be preceded by clinical symptoms from 1 year to 5 years or more. In some cases, this period can reach 15 years.

Parostal bone sarcoma due to its surgical removal, if there is no germination in the bone marrow channel, is characterized by a favorable prognosis. Unsuccessful surgical intervention with a 20-percent probability can cause a relapse and lead to dedifferentiation of the tumor.

Sarcoma bones in children

Sarcoma of bones in children is represented primarily by various osteosarcomas and Ewing's sarcoma.

Osteosarcoma or sarcoma of osteogenic origin is an oncological tumor formation, formed from malignant degenerated cells in bone tissues. Basically, this lesion occurs in the long tubular bones of the upper and lower extremities. The pathological process, as a rule, affects the metaphysis, which is located in the tubular bone between its central portion and the terminal part where it widens. The role of the metaphysis is very important for the growth of bones in childhood. There is the possibility that the tendon, muscle and fat tissues will be involved in the tumor spreading over time. Through the circulatory system, pathological cells are able to reach different parts of the body, metastasizing them. The most characteristic are metastases in the lungs, but their appearance is not excluded in a number of other organs, including other bones and the brain.

Ewing's sarcoma on the frequency of its detection in children takes the position immediately following osteosarcoma. This type of sarcoma is a cancerous lesion of the bone, which accounts for a very small number of clinical cases before the age of 5 and in people older than 30 years of age. The bulk of patients are mainly children entering adolescence. In the age group from 10 to 15 years, boys to some extent predominate over girls.

The increase in the likelihood of this kind of oncology may be due to the presence of benign tumor tumors in the body, for example, the endodromes, and also due to certain disorders in the functioning of the genitourinary system of the child. There is also a common assumption that a traumatic factor may act as a trigger mechanism. However, it is often difficult to confirm that the development of the sarcoma is provoked by fractures or bruises. After all, between the actual traumatic effect and the moment when a tumor is detected, a time interval of the most varied duration can stretch.

The difference in the nature of pain with such sarcomatous bone damage and pain due to trauma consists in the fact that even when the fineness is fixed, their intensity does not decrease, but, on the contrary, in the future everything increases.

The metastasis caused by bone sarcoma in other organs in the body leads to the corresponding symptomatology. For example: to an increased body temperature, to the appearance of general weakness and fatigue, the child begins to lose weight.

Bark sarcoma in children is found in diagnosing often not earlier than after a few months from the time of its initial manifestations. Often the occurrence of pain and swelling is attributed to inflammation or trauma. When a child develops prolonged pains in the bones that have unexplained origin, it is recommended to seek medical advice from an oncologist.

The last stage of bone sarcoma

Clinical course of the disease in the process of gradual increase of pathological changes caused by it in the body passes through two main phases.

During the first of them - benign, at the initial stages of the development of the disease there is a dense, immobile, hummocky neoplasm that is not otherwise painful. The presence of a tumor does not, in any case, significantly limit the mobility of the joint located with the site of its localization. Such a condition can be noted without visible changes over a period of up to several months.

However, over time, the benign phase sooner or later begins to change into a malignant phase. The activation of the progression of bone sarcoma is accompanied by an increase in the rate of growth of tumor formation, increased pain symptoms and impaired joint function. The appearance of pain occurs even in the early stages of sarcomatous bone lesion. This is due to the fact that under the negative impact of tumors there is a disruption of the functional properties of bone tissue. The degree of severity of pain, mostly of a noisy nature, is not affected by the position of the patient's body, it occurs in the form of sharp growing attacks, which occur mainly at night.

As the bone sarcoma becomes more and more malignant, this disease provokes negative changes in the functioning of the affected limb. Malignant tumor spreads to a large number of tissues, aggressively destroying living cells, the freedom of joint movements is significantly limited with an ever-increasing rate, the processes of muscular atrophy develop.

The fourth, last stage of bone sarcoma is approaching, which is established regardless of the magnitude of tumor formation, on the basis of the phenomena of distant metastasis of organs and lymphatic regional nodes. The patient is immobilized and he must constantly be on bed rest.

Bone oncology is an extremely serious disease that can pose an immediate threat to the life of the patient. Therefore, before the last stage of bone sarcoma occurs, a very unfavorable prognosis is required immediately to begin treatment. To date, there are surgical techniques that can save a patient from a pathological neoplasm without resorting to removal of the affected organ. If the tumor is diagnosed in a timely manner, then, while still at the local stage, it is quite well amenable to combined treatment.

Diagnosis of bone sarcoma

Diagnosis of bone sarcoma is carried out on the basis that such clinical data as symptomatology of pain, presence of plus-tissue - as speak about tumor formation, as well as noted violations in functioning of the affected organ are compared in the complex. In addition, the data obtained as a result of radiography and morphology studies are analyzed.

Radiographic picture of bone sarcoma in approximately 40% of cases reflects osteolytic sarcoma, 20% of observations indicate osteoplastic sarcoma. The remaining amount includes various bone sarcomas of mixed type.

Osteolytic sarcoma of bone is represented as foci of destruction with exfoliating periosteum, the localization of which is the final sections of bones. Sarcoma of the osteoplastic type is characterized by the formation of cloud-like bone compaction, in which this bone loses its structure, and there are also minor foci of osteoporosis.

As one of the earliest signs on which it is possible to make an assumption about bone sarcoma, it is possible to identify the spicules - thin plates of the periosteum diverging radially from the surface of the bone.

A very small percentage of the cases (from 1 to 1.5% of the primary oncology of the bone) is the bone sarcoma juxtacortical or parasal. The basis of its development is the connective tissue adjacent to the bones. Neoplasm occurs in long tubular bones near the knee, elbow, hip joint.

Diagnosis of bone sarcoma, as you can summarize all of the above, involves primarily carrying out the study by X-ray, as well as the analysis of morphological material. Samples for morphology are obtained by means of a puncture, for which a needle with a mandrel is used.

In the formulation of the final diagnosis, the data obtained by examining the histological section under the microscope are taken into account.

[14], [15]

Treatment of bone sarcoma

Treatment of bone sarcoma, as well as sarcoma of all other species, can be as effective as at an earlier stage of the pathological process the diagnosis of the disease was made. The next fundamental aspect of successful cure is the use of complex therapeutic measures.

A number of drugs are used in the treatment, among which, for example, the following.

Adriamycin is an antitumor antibiotic. It is a drug in the form of a powder of 0.01 g in a vial. In the package with it there is a bottle with 5 ml of liquid for injection. It is administered intravenously once a day for 3 days, which is one course of treatment. Repeat the course is possible after 4-7 days - 3-4 injections every other day. The daily single dose should not exceed the ratio of 0.4-08 mg per 1 kg of body weight. The use of this drug is associated with a risk of anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, arterial hypotension, heart failure, heart pain.

Imidazole-carboxamide is an antitumor cytostatic. It is presented as a dry substance for injection in vials of 0.1-0.2 g. In the complete set with it there is a solvent. Intended for intravenous or, depending on indications, intra-arterial administration within the framework of monotherapy in cycles of 5 to 6 days with an interval between cycles of 3 weeks. The daily dose is 150-250 mg / m2. May cause side effects in the form of soreness in the injection site, general weakness of the body, headaches, a critical decrease in appetite (anorexia), nausea, vomiting, constipation.

Methotrexate - 2.5 mg tablets coated with a coat, 50 pieces each. In a polymer bank. Is taken internally at 15-30 mg per day. The drug is able to provoke a number of negative side effects: aplastic anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, nausea, vomiting, low blood pressure, itching on the skin, hives, skin rashes.

Cyclophosphane, a powder for the preparation of injections - in vials of 200 mg. The dosage regimen is set individually, based on the existing stage of the lesion, the state of the hematopoietic system of the patient, and also what scheme of antitumor therapy is chosen. As negative side effects of the application can come: headache, the appearance of nausea, the urge to vomit, stomach pain, diarrhea, develop anemia thrombocytopenia, palpitations, shortness of breath, urticaria, skin rashes, anaphylactic reactions.

Surgical methods for the treatment of bone sarcoma include exarticulation or amputation of the affected limb.

Some time ago, in almost the same way as possible, the treatment of bone sarcoma was considered to be surgical intervention for surgical excision of this malignant formation. However, to date, there are a sufficient number of methods demonstrating considerable effectiveness in the fight against such an oncology. Among them, the use of radiation therapy, and in addition to modern pharmacology, there is a wide range of medicines for active antitumor activity.

Prophylaxis of bone sarcoma

From the data of medical statistics it becomes evident that even the application of the most modern methods of treatment of oncological lesions often can not guarantee the achievement of complete regression of the disease and remission of it for a long time. In the number of fully healed patients, the account still continues to go by units. And, therefore, if malignant processes in the human body with such great difficulty are given to treatment, the issue of prevention becomes more topical. Or, at least, reduce the risk of development. Thus, the prevention of bone sarcoma is seen primarily in the definition of the risk group of people who may have prerequisites for the development of this type of cancer. And with regard to those who have suffered from bone marrow sarcoma, who have undergone a course of therapeutic therapeutic measures, or have undergone an operation to remove such a tumor, an oncologist's specialist is required to be monitored, chio is a secondary prevention. This implies that in addition to regular medical examinations, it is also necessary to undergo a survey using various diagnostic methods - chest X-ray, osteoscintigraphy, MRI of bone, where sarcomatous lesion was localized.

The nature of all cancers is such that even after disposal of the patient from the tumor as a result of treatment, there is a high probability of relapses and all kinds of complications. In this regard, an important role can play a variety of factors, which include how the lifestyle, the level of physical activity of the patient, his diet, habits, etc.

Prevention of bone sarcoma is certainly important, but if this diagnosis is made, it should not be taken as a verdict. Overcome all difficulties will help the person's responsible attitude to the process of treatment and subsequent rehabilitation.

Prognosis of bone sarcoma

The prognosis of bone sarcoma is determined on the basis of an objective assessment of the most diverse factors associated with the course of the disease, the general condition of the patient, etc. The leading role in predicting the outcome of this type of bone oncology is assigned to the stage at which the development of the pathological process is at the time of diagnosis and diagnosis. The level of development of modern medical science gives all grounds for considerable confidence that treatment will bring a positive result. Fundamental to the success of medical activities is the case where the presence of the disease is detected at the earliest stages of the progression of its malignant manifestations.

The use of progressive methods of adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy, as well as other sparing methods in combination with radiotherapy and surgical intervention, contributes to the survival of patients with osteogenic sarcoma and the presence of lung metastases in them.

As a result of a radical surgical approach to the treatment of bone sarcoma in the realities of the present time, it is possible to maintain the finiteness in more than 80 percent of patients. Conduction in the postoperative period of chemotherapy contributes to even better results.

The survival rates in the 5-year period with localized osteogenic sarcoma are greater than 70 percent. The prognosis of bone sarcoma in patients with tumors sensitive to chemotherapy is such that the survival rate corresponds to the numbers from 80 to 90%.