Autonomic nervous system disorder

Autonomic nervous system disorder (ANSD), also known as autonomic nervous system dysfunction (ANSD), is a disruption in the normal functioning of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The ANS is the part of the nervous system that controls automatic bodily functions such as heartbeat, breathing, gastric peristalsis, blood pressure regulation, and other physiological processes that occur within our bodies without our conscious participation.

The autonomic nervous system is divided into two main branches:

1. Sympathetic nervous system: This is activated in situations of stress and prepares the body to fight or run. This may include an increase in heart rate, dilation of the bronchi to improve oxygen supply, increased blood pressure and other reactions.
2. Parasympathetic Nervous System: This branch, on the other hand, helps the body relax and recover from stress. It reduces heart rate, stimulates digestion and regulates other processes that occur at rest.

Autonomic nervous system dysfunction can manifest with a variety of symptoms including heart rate changes, blood pressure problems, digestive disorders, insomnia, heart pain, dizziness, headaches, sweating, and others. The causes of ANS disorders can be varied and can include physical, psychological, and genetic factors.

Diagnosis and treatment of an ANS disorder often requires consultation with a physician, such as a neurologist or cardiologist. The doctor will perform a physical examination, and may require electrocardiography (ECG), stress tests, and other diagnostic procedures. Treatment will depend on the specific symptoms and causes and may include medications, physical therapy, lifestyle changes, and other methods.

Causes of the autonomic nervous system disorders

Disorders of the autonomic nervous system (RVNS) can have a variety of causes, and they can often result from the interaction of several factors. The following are some of the main causes of RVNS:

1. Genetic predisposition: Some people may be more susceptible to CRPS because of a genetic predisposition. In families where relatives have had these problems, the risk of developing RVNS may be increased.
2. Stress and anxiety: Prolonged or chronic stress can strongly influence the autonomic nervous system. Excessive activation of stress mechanisms can lead to dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system.
3. Psychological factors: Psychological problems such as depression, anxiety and psychosomatic disorders can affect the functioning of the autonomic nervous system.
4. Medical conditions: Some medical conditions and diseases can cause RVNS. For example, diabetes, arterial hypertension, thyroid disorders, and neurologic diseases can affect the autonomic nervous system.
5. Medication: Some medications and drugs such as antidepressants, antihistamines, sleeping pills, and others can have an effect on RVNS as a side effect.
6. Heart disease: Heart disease, such as arrhythmias and other cardiac disorders, can affect the autonomic nervous system and its regulation.
7. Drugs and alcohol: Drug use and excessive alcohol use can impair the functioning of the autonomic nervous system.
8. Sleep deprivation: Sleep deprivation and insomnia can cause dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system and can be accompanied by symptoms of RVNS.
9. Physical tra uma: Injuries, especially those that affect the head and cervical spine, can affect the functioning of the nervous system, including the autonomic nervous system.
10. Age: The function of the autonomic nervous system can change with age, and this can lead to a variety of symptoms and disorders.

Symptoms of the autonomic nervous system disorders

An autonomic nervous system disorder (ANS disorder) can present with a variety of symptoms, as the ANS regulates many bodily functions. Here are some of the most common symptoms of an autonomic nervous system disorder:

1. Systemic symptoms:

   • Sleepiness: Frequent feeling of drowsiness during the day or restless sleep at night.
   • Insomnia: Problems falling asleep or interrupted sleep.
   • Changes in appetite: Increased or decreased appetite, changes in weight.
   • Changes in sweating: Increased or decreased sweating.
   • Cardiac symptoms: Palpitations (tachycardia), palpitations or pain in the heart area.
   • High blood pressure: High blood pressure (hypertension) or fluctuations in blood pressure.
   • Changes in the frequency of urination: Frequent urination or reverse - infrequent urination.

2. Skin Symptoms:

   • Skin redness: Swelling, your face or the skin on your arms and legs may become red.
   • Cold or sweaty palms and feet: Often accompanied by changes in sweating.

3. Gastrointestinal symptoms:

   • Diarrhea or constipation: Changes in stools, including increased dehydration (diarrhea) or difficult stools (constipation).
   • Abdominal pain: Discomfort, pain or bloating in the abdomen.

4. Symptoms of the nervous system:

   • Headache: Migraines, tension headaches or dizziness.
   • Unconsciousness: Episodes of syncope (fainting) or panic attacks.

5. Psychological symptoms:

   • Stress and anxiety: Increased anxiety, panic attacks or constant stress.
   • Depression: Lowered mood, apathy, or feelings of despair.
   • Changes in concentration and memory: Difficulty concentrating, forgetfulness or confusion.

6. Symptoms with physical activity:

   • Fatigue: Rapid fatigue or difficulty performing physical activities.

7. Symptoms with environmental changes:

   • Sensitivity to cold or heat: Strong reactions to changes in ambient temperature.

Somatoform disorder of the autonomic nervous system (SRVNS)

Is a form of somatoform disorder, where the physical symptoms or pains a person feels are linked to the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system controls the body's automatic functions such as heartbeat, breathing, digestion, etc. SRVNS is characterized by predominantly physical symptoms that can be triggered by stress, anxiety, or psychological factors.

Symptoms of SRVNS may include:

1. Heart pain and discomfort: Patients may complain of chest pain, often interpreted as heart pain.
2. Breathing problems: This may include feeling short of breath, shortness of breath, or a "lump in your throat" feeling.
3. Gastrointestinal symptoms: May include abdominal pain, unexplained diarrhea or constipation.
4. Nervous System Symptoms: Includes headaches, dizziness and other neurological symptoms.
5. Skin and mucous membrane symptoms: May include skin rashes or symptoms associated with skin and mucous membranes.
6. Genitourinary symptoms: Pain or dysurmic symptoms are possible, although ruling out organic causes can be difficult.

To diagnose CRPS, it is important to rule out organic causes of symptoms through an extensive physical examination. Often CRPS is associated with psychological factors such as anxiety or depression.

Autonomic nervous system disorder of the hypertensive type

Hypertensive autonomic nervous system (ANS) disorder is often characterized by a dominance of the sympathetic branch of the ANS, which can cause increased blood pressure (hypertension) and a number of other symptoms. Here are some of the characteristic signs of this type of ANS disorder:

1. Highblood pressure (hypertension): One of the most characteristic signs of hypertensive ANS disorder is a persistent or recurrent increase in blood pressure. High blood pressure may be accompanied by headache, dizziness, and other symptoms.
2. Headache: Frequent tension headaches may be associated with hypertension and dominance of sympathetic activity.
3. Cardiac symptoms: Hypertensive ANS disorder can cause palpitations (tachycardia), a feeling of palpitations, or pain in the heart area.
4. Sweating: Increased sweating, especially on the palms of the hands and feet, can be one of the symptoms of this type of ANS disorder.
5. Vertigo: A feeling of unsteadiness and rotation of the world around you.
6. Insomnia: Patients with hypertensive ANS disorder may experience difficulty falling asleep or waking up at night.
7. Other symptoms: Other symptoms such as anxiety, tension, increased sensitivity to stress, and more severe reactions to environmental changes such as cold or heat may occur.

Treatment of hypertensive ANS disorder may include the following measures:

1. Lifestyle changes: Regular exercise, a healthy diet, quitting smoking and moderate alcohol consumption can help reduce symptoms and blood pressure levels.
2. Pharmacologic treatment: In some cases, your doctor may prescribe medication to control your blood pressure and symptoms.
3. Psychotherapy and relaxation techniques: Relaxation techniques, meditation and psychotherapeutic counseling can help manage anxiety and stress.
4. Stress Control: Managing stress and practicing stress response training can help improve ANS balance.

Functional autonomic nervous system disorder (FANDS)

This is a condition in which a variety of symptoms associated with dysregulation or dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system are observed, but without obvious organic or structural abnormalities. This condition is sometimes referred to as autonomic nervous system dysfunction or neurocerebrovascular dystonia.

Symptoms of FRVNS may include:

1. Cardiac symptoms: Palpitations, palpitations, changes in heart rate, sensations of a fast or slow pulse.
2. Orthostatic Intolerance: Patients may experience dizziness, fainting, or a feeling of weakness when rising from a lying or sitting position.
3. Breathing disorders: Feeling short of breath, increased or decreased breathing.
4. Loss of consciousness: Episodes of loss of consciousness or transient amnesic state.
5. Gastrointestinal dysfunction: Digestive problems, heartburn, constipation, diarrhea.
6. Thermal regulation: Frequent changes in body temperature, sweating or feeling cold.
7. Pain: A variety of pains in different parts of the body.
8. Sleep disorders: Insomnia, irregular sleep, frequent nightmares.

The causes of FRVNS can be varied, and include factors such as stress, anxiousness, depression, lack of physical activity, prolonged sleep deprivation, and others. The exact cause of FRVNS can be difficult to determine.

The treatment of FRVNS usually involves a comprehensive approach and may include:

1. Stress Management: Relaxation techniques, meditation, deep breathing and biofeedback can help manage stress and improve autonomic nervous system functioning.
2. Physical activity: Regular exercise can help stabilize the autonomic nervous system.
3. Eatingregularly: A healthy and regular diet can help manage symptoms of FVRNS.
4. Symptom Management: In some cases, medications may be prescribed to relieve symptoms such as pain or heart problems.
5. Psychotherapy: Psychological support and therapy may be helpful in cases of FRVNS associated with psychological factors.

Mixed disorder of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)

It is a condition in which the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the ANS do not function in balance, which can lead to a variety of symptoms and problems. The main signs of a mixed ANS disorder may include:

1. Cardiac symptoms:

   • Tachycardia: Rapid heartbeat, feeling of strong heartbeats.
   • Arrhythmias: Irregular heart rhythms.
   • Hypertension: High blood pressure.

2. Symptoms related to circulation:

   • Vertigo: A feeling of unsteadiness and rotation of the world around you.
   • Syncope: Episodes of loss of consciousness.
   • Syncope: Short-term loss of consciousness due to insufficient blood supply to the brain.

3. Skin Symptoms:

   • Loss of color: Pale skin or changes in complexion.
   • Sweating: Increased sweating or the opposite - dry skin.

4. Gastrointestinal symptoms:

   • Diarrhea: Frequent and liquid stools.
   • Constipation: Const ipation of the stool.

5. Respiratory symptoms:

   • Respiratory problems: Breathing disorders, feeling of suffocation.

6. Symptoms related to emotional state:

   • Stress and anxiety: Increased anxiety.
   • Panic attacks: Episodes of intense anxiety and fear.

7. Symptoms with physical activity:

   • Fatigue: Rapid fatigue, weakness.

A mixed ANS disorder can be caused by a variety of factors, including stress, lack of sleep, physical overexertion, diet, taking certain medications, and others. Diagnosis and treatment of mixed ANS disorder requires evaluation by a specialist, often a neurologist or cardiologist. Treatment may include lifestyle changes, psychotherapy, physical rehabilitation and, in some cases, drug therapy to improve ANS balance.

Disorders of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) can occur in children as well as adults. The autonomic nervous system controls the body's automatic functions such as heartbeat, breathing, digestion, and regulation of body temperature. ANS disorders in children can manifest with a variety of symptoms and causes, including physical and psychological factors.

Some common ANS disorders that can occur in children include:

1. Orthostatic hypotensive state (OHS): This is a condition in which blood pressure drops when moving from sitting to standing. Children may feel dizzy, weak, or even unconscious.
2. Vasovagal arrhythmia syndrome: Children with this syndrome may periodically experience symptoms such as heart arrhythmias, pallor, sweating, and dizziness.
3. Autonomic nervous system dysfunction syndrome (ANDS): This diagnosis can include a variety of symptoms such as abdominal pain, headaches, sleep problems, etc.
4. Stress response and anxiety: Emotional factors such as stress and anxiety can affect ANS function in children and cause physical symptoms such as rapid heartbeat and breathing.

Treatment of ANS disorders in children depends on the specific diagnosis and symptoms. This may include drug therapy, psychotherapy, physical therapy, diet and lifestyle changes.

Autonomic nervous system disorders in pregnancy

Disorders of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) can affect and be linked to pregnancy. The autonomic nervous system controls automatic bodily functions such as heartbeat, breathing, digestion, and body temperature regulation. Disorders of the ANS can affect these processes and cause a variety of physical and psychological symptoms.

Some common symptoms of ANS disorders that can occur in pregnancy include:

1. Orthostatic hypotensive state (OHSS): In pregnant women, this condition may be more common. It is characterized by a drop in blood pressure when moving from sitting to standing.
2. Tachycardia and arrhythmias: Some pregnant women may experience palpitations or arrhythmias that may be related to ANS.
3. Changes in blood pressure: The autonomic nervous system can affect blood pressure, and pregnant women may experience fluctuations in blood pressure.
4. Stress and anxiety: Pregnancy itself can be a stressful period, and emotional factors can affect ANS function.

Treatment of ANS disorders in pregnancy requires special attention because not all medications and treatments are appropriate for pregnant women.

Forms

Disorders of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) can manifest in a variety of ways and can be associated with a variety of diseases and conditions. Here are some of the most common diseases and conditions associated with ANS disorders:

1. Autonomic Dysregulation Syndrome: This syndrome is characterized by instability of ANS function and may include symptoms such as dizziness, syncope (fainting), tachycardia (rapid heartbeat), hypertension (high blood pressure), and loss of consciousness.
2. Vagusnerve dysfunction: The vagus nerve plays an important role in regulating parasympathetic activity. Its dysfunction can lead to a variety of symptoms including heart rhythm disturbances, vomiting, diarrhea and other symptoms.
3. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: This syndrome is accompanied by severe fatigue, sleep disturbances, and other symptoms that may be associated with ANS dysfunction.
4. Idiopathic orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS): Patients with this syndrome often experience symptoms such as dizziness, palpitations, and a feeling of weakness when moving from sitting to standing.
5. Vasovagal attack syndrome: This syndrome can manifest with episodes of syncope, fainting, and other symptoms that are associated with ANS dysfunction.
6. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): Although IBS has many risk factors and causes, ANS dysfunction can exacerbate symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and constipation.
7. Postural hypotension syndrome: This syndrome is characterized by a sudden drop in blood pressure when the body position changes from horizontal to vertical, which can cause dizziness and syncope.
8. Symptoms of neurocardiogenic syncope: This condition can lead to syncope due to abnormal regulation of heart rhythm by the ANS.
9. Dysregulation of temperature regulation: The ANS plays a role in regulating body temperature. Dysfunction of the ANS can lead to problems with temperature regulation.
10. Wandering Leg Syndrome: This disorder is accompanied by a feeling of discomfort and restlessness in the legs, especially at night, and may be associated with ANS dysfunction.

Complications and consequences

Disorders of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) can have a variety of consequences that can affect different body systems. The consequences can vary in severity and depend on the nature and duration of the ANS disorder. Here are some of the possible consequences:

1. Cardiac implications:

   • Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia).
   • Cardiac arrhythmias.
   • High blood pressure (hypertension).
   • Risk of developing heart disease such as angina, myocardial infarction or heart failure.

2. Symptoms related to circulation:

   • Dizziness and a feeling of unsteadiness.
   • Syncope (syncope) and loss of consciousness.
   • Increased tendency to orthostatic collapses (collapses when changing body position).

3. Gastrointestinal symptoms:

   • Diarrhea or constipation.
   • Abdominal pain.
   • Digestive and nutrient absorption disorders.

4. Respiratory symptoms:

   • Breathing disorders and a feeling of shortness of breath.
   • Hypersensitivity to allergens and asthmatic symptoms.

5. Symptoms of the nervous system:

   • Headaches, including migraines and tension headaches.
   • Anxiety and panic attacks.
   • Insomnia and sleep disorders.

6. Psychological Implications:

   • Increased stress and anxiety.
   • Depression and feelings of hopelessness.
   • Decreased quality of life and impaired psychosocial functioning.

7. Implications for quality of life: ANS disorders can limit activity and a person's ability to engage in activities of daily living, work, and social relationships.

8. Symptoms related to body temperature: Disruptions in body temperature regulation can lead to problems with overheating or cooling.

9. Impact on other body systems: The ANS regulates many body functions, and disorders in it can affect other systems, including the endocrine, immune, and reproductive systems.

Treatment of the autonomic nervous system disorders

Treatment for autonomic nervous system disorders (ANSD) depends on the specific type and symptoms of the disorder. The autonomic nervous system regulates the body's automatic functions such as heartbeat, breathing, digestion, and stress responses. Disorders of the autonomic nervous system can manifest with a variety of symptoms including insomnia, fatigue, abdominal pain, headaches, and others. Here are common strategies for treating RVNS:

1. Lifestyle changes: Make lifestyle adjustments to reduce stress and maintain a healthy lifestyle. This may include regular physical activity, eating a healthy diet, getting enough sleep and avoiding stressful situations.
2. Relaxation and meditation: Relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation and yoga can help reduce autonomic nervous system activity and relieve stress.
3. Biofeedback and Neurofeedback: These techniques allow you to manage autonomic nervous system function by learning to control your physiological functions, such as heart rate and breathing, in order to improve responses to stress.
4. Medications: In some cases, medications may be prescribed to manage symptoms of RVNS. For example, sleeping pills may be used to treat insomnia. Antidepressants and anxiolytics may be recommended for anxiety and depression.
5. Physical therapy and massage: Physical therapy and massage can help relax tense muscles and relieve the physical stress associated with RVNS.
6. Active lifestyle: Regular physical activity can help regulate the autonomic nervous system. It helps to reduce stress and strengthen the cardiovascular system.
7. Nutrition: A healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, healthy fats and proteins can help regulate digestion and overall body health.
8. Psychotherapy: If RVNS is associated with psychological factors, psychotherapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy or relaxation techniques can be effective in treatment.

Drug treatment

Treatment for autonomic nervous system (ANS) disorders depends on the specific symptoms and causes that cause the disorder. It is important to note that ANS can be associated with a variety of physical and psychological conditions. Treatment may include both drug therapies and non-pharmacologic methods. However, the decision on the choice of therapeutic measures should be made by a doctor based on diagnosis and assessment of the patient's specific situation.

Examples of medications that may be used in the treatment of an ANS disorder include:

1. Anxiolytics: Drugs that help manage anxiety and stress. Examples include benzodiazepines such as diazepam (Valium) and some antidepressants.
2. Antidepressants: Some antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), can help manage symptoms of anxiety and depression.
3. Anticholinergic drugs: These may be used to manage symptoms associated with autonomic nervous system hyperactivity, such as excessive salivation or sweating.
4. Beta-blockers: Used to reduce physical symptoms such as palpitations and tremors.
5. Muscle relaxants: Can be used for muscle tension and pain.
6. Other medications: Depending on your specific symptoms, your doctor may consider other medications that may be effective.

Treatment for ANS disorders may also include psychotherapy, biofeedback, meditation, physical therapy, and other non-pharmacologic modalities.

Autonomic nervous system disorder and the army

In Russia, the decision on conscription or deferment from military service is made on the basis of medical expertise and consideration of the medical indications of a particular conscript. Disorders of the autonomic nervous system (DANS) may be one of the factors that are considered in the medical examination.

The final decision to enlist or defer depends on the severity of the disorder, its impact on health and the ability to perform the duties of military service. If DANS significantly limits the physical or psychological ability of the enlisted person, it may be grounds for deferment from service.

For accurate information and advice on your specific situation, you should contact the medical commission of your military enlistment office. They will conduct a medical examination, assess your health condition and make recommendations regarding your enlistment or deferment.