Arterial pressure jumps in children and adolescents

In the practice of treating childhood diseases, pressure spikes often occur. The pressure can vary in both directions: both in the direction of hypotension, and in the direction of hypertension. Accordingly, there is either a sharp drop in blood pressure, or a sharp increase in blood pressure. The frequency of this pathology in children varies between 10 and 12%.

A child may have a primary or secondary pathology. Hypertension in most children is secondary. Most often - in about 70% of cases, blood pressure rises as a result of kidney or heart disease. On the second place there are endocrine disorders. In most cases, the increase in pressure is detected in the child by accident, it does not bother him and does not reduce the quality of life. In order to cure the disease, you need to find the underlying disease. Only by eliminating it, you can eliminate the pressure problems, because they are the consequence.

At school age, the increase in pressure most often occurs as a result of vegetative-vascular dystonia. Such children are emotionally labile, irritable, crying, quickly tired, excessively nervous. Often they are shy and timid. Increased pressure is accompanied by headaches, shortness of breath, pain in the heart. During the medical examination, tachycardia and high blood pressure are detected.

In young children, there are usually no symptoms of the disease, it proceeds secretly. Signs that can indirectly indicate the development of pathology are: delay in development, disruption of the heart, respiratory system. Often, these children have shortness of breath, convulsions, increased excitability, nausea and vomiting, constant headaches.

Primary hypertension is rare. It is important to differentiate it from diseases that are manifested by various symptoms, including increased pressure. In this case, we will talk about secondary hypertension. For example, with kidney diseases, the pressure often rises. Also, secondary hypertension develops with endocrine disorders of various genesis, including hyperthyroidism, Cushing's disease.

Arterial hypotension is often developed, in which the leading sign is a decrease in pressure. It is important to differentiate the pathological state from physiological fluctuations. Thus, in children, a natural decrease in pressure often occurs due to changes in body position due to biorhythms. The child's blood pressure may decrease in the morning, after a tight meal, physical and mental fatigue. Pressure can be reduced with a lack of oxygen, a prolonged stay in a stuffy room. Physiological reduction of pressure often does not cause any complaints from the child, does not reduce the working capacity of the body.

Pathological hypotension is primary and secondary. Approximately 9% of children are present. At the heart of the development of pathology is mainly hereditary predisposition. Multiple external and internal factors only exacerbate pathology. Can be reversible or stable.

Development is influenced by both external and internal factors. To the development of pathology may cause concomitant diseases, reduced immunity, the presence of foci of chronic infection in the body. Often ill children, as well as those who are prone to psychogeny, neuropsychological pathologies, hypodynamia, mental fatigue are strongly at risk of developing hypotension. The child must always observe the regime of the day. In most children, hypotension is a complex pathology that combines the signs of vascular, nervous and gastrointestinal pathologies.

For children with hypotension, emotional lability, weakness, fatigue, and sharp mood swings are characteristic. As a rule, such children do not give in to discipline, are not able to achieve their goals, can not solve problems in a limited time. Many children complain of a headache, dizziness. Loss of consciousness is rare, but it still has a place to be. There is pain in the region of the heart, which increases with physical activity. The amount of cardiac output changes, the rhythm of the heart, the cerebral circulation is disturbed.

Hypotension is one of the main causes of weakness, dizziness, decreased learning ability and performance, mental disorders requiring correction. Children with similar symptoms are at risk for developing hypertensive or hypotonic disease, ischemic heart disease. Children with hypotension or hypertension require increased attention from the pediatrician, educators. If necessary, a consultation of a neurologist, psychotherapist should be arranged.

For other reasons for pressure surges, see this article.

Pressure jumps in adolescents

As a physiological norm, an increase in pressure with an adaptive goal, which provides an adequate response of the body to changes in the conditions of the external and internal environment, is considered. Performs an adaptive function for various physical, mental, neuro-emotional loads. Usually, such jumps do not cause discomfort, and disappear on their own after they have fulfilled their function.

In the event that the body undergoes pathological changes, pressure rises are possible regardless of the state of the organism (in the absence of physical and mental stress). Most often, such pressure jumps are associated with a violation of the regulation of vascular tone from the autonomic nervous system. The main cause in most cases is neuropsychic overexertion, overfatigue of the child. Also in adolescents, there is a discrepancy between the rate of growth and the development of the vascular system. This leads to a violation of the tone, arrhythmias, as a result of which pressure jumps occur.

The danger of such a condition for a teenager is that, against the background of a violation of normal physiological processes, a violation of the vascular tone, adaptive reactions are automatically included, aimed at adapting the organism to the conditions that have arisen. All this creates an additional burden on the body and entails a violation of other organs and systems. In the first place, chronic diseases worsen, the diseases of the gastrointestinal tract develop, blood circulation is disrupted, heart pathologists develop. Often against the background of pressure spikes in adolescence, there is a violation of liver and kidney function, pancreas.

A significant factor is puberty, which occurs during the adolescent period, as well as self-identification and self-determination of the individual. There is a change in the hormonal background, the girls are menstruating. Sharply increases metabolism. The metabolism in the liver becomes especially intense. This contributes to development and growth, but leads to disruption of homeostasis - stability of the internal environment of the body. Also negatively affects the work of the liver and kidneys, there is an excessive load on them. In addition, external factors - fatigue, active physical and mental activity of the adolescent, search for one's life path, aspiration for communication, self-realization, are affecting.

The main burden lies on the thyroid gland and pancreas, as well as the adrenal glands, which are responsible for adapting the body to stress factors, for responding to changing conditions of functioning. In addition, the adrenal glands regulate the activity of other organs and systems, produce sex hormones that promote the further development of sexual characteristics, characteristic mental and physical reactions.

In the event that a child undergoes pressure fluctuations for a long time, which adversely affects the health, well-being and efficiency of the adolescent, it is necessary to consult the doctor as soon as possible and conduct a comprehensive examination. To begin it is necessary with consultation of the teenage therapist who will lead survey, will appoint the necessary plan of inspection, if necessary will recommend consultations of other experts.

In some cases, it may also be necessary to consult a phytotherapeutist and a homeopath, since in the majority of cases long-term treatment is aimed at stabilizing the condition and requires the appointment of plant and homeopathic remedies, additional physiotherapy procedures. Hypertensive drugs are used only to relieve the hypertensive crisis, in which the pressure rises above 145 mm. Gt; Art.

Forms

Blood pressure jumps in the type of hypotension or hypertension, as well as mixed. At pressure jumps of the hypotonic type, the pressure drops below the normal values. In this case, a person develops chills, dizziness, a sense of lack of air. A person can lose consciousness. At the heart of the pathology is a sharp violation of blood flow, in which the volume of blood decreases and the tone of the vessels falls. This leads to oxygen deficiency and intoxication of the body by metabolic products.

With a sharp increase in pressure, the tone rises sharply. The heart throws the reserve volume of blood into the blood. As a result, the load on the heart and blood vessels increases. Blood vessels can not withstand pressure and rupture, which leads to the development of myocardial infarction and strokes, numerous hemorrhages. In this case, a person experiences trembling, a sharp headache, a spasm in the heart, sweating profusely. May result in a stroke.

With a mixed type, a sharp pressure drop occurs. From hypotension there is a state of hypertension. This is fraught with serious complications, as the load on all internal organs that depend significantly on the blood flow increases. They can not withstand thin vessels and burst. Gradually wear out the vessels, the heart. The person experiences sharp deterioration of state of health at which loss of consciousness, an arrhythmia, the accelerated pulse is possible.

Upper (systolic) pressure surges

Systolic pressure is the pressure of blood in the vessels that arises after the discharge of blood by the heart, after its active contraction. It can increase if the heart is too actively contracting, with hypertrophy of the heart muscle, various diseases. At a pathology the accelerated palpitation, a pain in the field of heart and large blood vessels is felt.

Normally can be felt in athletes who have functional hypertrophy of the heart muscle. Also, an increase in systolic pressure within the norm is considered as a variant of the adaptive response, which ensures adaptation of the organism to stressful conditions. It occurs as a result of nervous stress, increased physical activity, stress on the body.

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Lower (diastolic) pressure jumps

Diastolic pressure is the pressure that arises after the heart has pushed blood into the vessels and has passed into the diastole phase (complete relaxation). Shows the speed and pressure with which blood moves through the blood vessels. It is supported by the tone of the blood vessels. With a sharp increase in tone, there is a jump in diastolic pressure. It is fraught with serious consequences. Suffer, in the first place, the vessels. They lose elasticity and are torn.

Pressure jumps in hypotonic

Hypotension is a condition in which blood pressure is lower than normal. Decrease in pressure negatively affects the state of the whole organism. First of all, blood circulation is disturbed, correspondingly, blood saturation of internal organs and tissues decreases. In them, metabolic processes are violated, the level of oxygen decreases, the content of the decay products of nutrients and carbon dioxide is increased. Hypoxia leads to a decrease in working capacity, a violation of the function of internal organs. They are not able to fully perform their functions, respectively, are not able to meet all the basic needs of the body. There is a gradual disruption of homeostasis, hormonal balance and neuropsychic activity is disrupted.

A person with hypotension can also be recognized by appearance. It is usually pale, as normal blood flow in the body is disrupted, hypoxia develops. The constitution becomes lean, due to a lack of nutrients and oxygen, passivity, apathy and drowsiness develop. Gradually it can develop into anemia, a breakdown. Sharply decreases efficiency, concentration of attention, memory, thinking processes worsen. A person does not have enough strength and motivation for active work, there is a constant desire to sleep, lie down, do nothing.

Most often, women and adolescents suffer from hypotension. This is due to the peculiarities of anatomy and hormonal background. In adolescents, in addition to hormonal disorders, there is also an imbalance between growth and weight indicators, normal body proportions are disrupted, sexual development occurs, which leads to a violation of vascular tone, pressure drop. In the simplest situations, in the absence of complications, it is recommended to drink coffee. This is enough to increase pressure and feel good.

Especially dangerous is the state when sudden pressure drops occur, in which hypotension is replaced by hypertension. Low blood pressure relaxes blood vessels, reduces their tone, they lose their elasticity. With a sudden increase in pressure, there is a sharp increase in the tone of the vessels, the walls become strained, and a large amount of blood flows under the vascular bed under high pressure. This leads to excessive overvoltage of the vessel, as a result of which it can not stand and break (like a hose that is torn under a great head of water). So there is a stroke.

The most thin shells of the vessels of the brain, the eye, the vessels of the heart. They are the first to undergo pathology, they may lose elasticity and undergo a rupture. It is with the force of this circumstance that the main cause of death is a stroke, a heart attack. Very often people with pressure drops develop hemorrhages in the eye, burst the vessels of the face, eyes, which is manifested in the form of bruising, hemorrhage, bruising and bruising.

Frequent changes of pressure from high to high, leads to the fact that the vessels gradually wear out, they develop thrombi, reduce elasticity, they are more prone to rupture. The risk of heart attacks, strokes, ischemic heart disease is significantly increased. The normal functioning of the kidneys and liver is broken, because these organs are most dependent on blood circulation.

Diseases of the heart, coronary vessels develop, which can lead to heart failure, since the myocardium does not receive the necessary amount of nutrients, and the load on it sharply increases. The reserve capabilities of the body are connected, the reserve volume of blood is released.

Quite often, the pressure decrease occurs against the background of allergic reactions. This condition is very dangerous, because there can be an uncontrolled decline, down to anaphylactic shock. In this case, the body experiences a severe shortage of oxygen, an excess of poisonous substances and carbon dioxide. Many organs, including the brain, lack nutrients and oxygen. Long-term starvation leads to the development of spasm, the death of brain cells. Oxygen fasting for more than 3-5 minutes leads to clinical death, irreversible processes develop in the body, the brain dies.

It is also dangerous to reduce pressure on the background of poisoning, infectious diseases, bleeding, trauma. This also leads to a disruption of the hemostasis, which ends with irreversible processes in the brain, and all organs that have been damaged.