Diagnosis and treatment of blood pressure jumps

Jumps of blood pressure - one of the most urgent problems of modern medicine. If before this pathology mainly elderly people were exposed, today young people, and even teenagers, small children suffer from this problem. Finally, the reasons are not clear, but most experts are inclined to believe that hormonal disorders, stresses lead to pressure changes. The pathology is based on increasing blood pressure in blood vessels as a result of a sharp increase in blood volume and a narrowing of the lumen of the vessels. Pressure jumps significantly reduce a person's quality of life, and can lead to serious complications, such as rupture of the vessel, stroke.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]

Diagnostics of the blood pressure jumps

Diagnosis does not require any special means. At pressure surges, immediately consult a therapist or pediatrician. He will conduct an examination, examine the anamnesis, then select a scheme for further research. If necessary, a consultation of other specialists, for example, a cardiologist, will be scheduled.

Often pressure jumps are a secondary pathology that occurs as a result of someone's illness, as one of the symptoms. Therefore, a comprehensive examination may be required. Often, pressure is a consequence of kidney and liver disease. Usually, the survey includes laboratory and instrumental studies. A differential diagnosis is required, which makes it possible to distinguish the primary pathology from the secondary one.

[6], [7], [8], [9]

Analyzes

The list of laboratory tests includes standard clinical analyzes of blood, urine, feces. A blood test provides an opportunity to see a general picture of what is happening in the body, determine the main direction of the processes. For example, blood may suggest the presence of inflammation, an infectious or allergic process.

Based on such preliminary data, further research can be planned. For example, if an inflammatory or infectious process is detected, biochemical analysis and a developed immunogram may be required. They will give an opportunity to assess the direction of the pathology, to determine the approximate localization of the pathological process, its stage and degree of development.

If a suspicion of an allergic reaction is found, a test for the content of immunoglobulin E, which is the main indicator of allergy, tests for allergens, may be required. An expanded immunogram will show the state of the immune system.

If suspected of an infectious process, a bacteriological culture may be required, an analysis for viral infections. Often the pressure rises with an active viral disease, a hidden persistence of viruses in the body, bacteriocarrier, dysbiosis. Frequently, the persistence of herpes viruses, the Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegaloviruses contributes to the increase in pressure. It may be necessary to study a complex of TORCH infections, which includes the main viral diseases, the most dangerous dangerous to humans. Sometimes it is necessary to pass an analysis on hidden infections that occur in the body secretly, do not manifest themselves, nevertheless lead to various internal lesions and diseases.

Urinalysis can indicate pathological processes in the kidneys, liver, and various metabolic disorders. Analysis of stool can indicate the presence of dysbiosis, a violation of the normal function of the intestine, stomach. Also, feces can be suspected of the oncological process in the digestive tract, intoxication, helminthic and other invasive diseases.

Based on the data of physical and special examination, as well as laboratory studies, it is possible to suspect the pathology of a particular functional system. This makes it possible to plan further instrumental studies and consultations of highly qualified specialists.

[10], [11]

Instrumental diagnostics

Instrumental research includes the study of the main systems and organs, the detection of the causes of pathology and the setting of a final diagnosis. Based on these data, further treatment is selected.

First of all, the pressure is measured with a tonometer. First, it is recommended to determine the working pressure. To do this, several times pressure measurements are made with a normal state of health of a person, good working capacity. The data are recorded, then the normal pressure is calculated by determining the arithmetic mean.

Then pressure measurements are made with poor health. Indicators are defined, within which pressure fluctuations occur. It is also determined whether the changes in the hypotonic, or hypertonic type, develop. A mixed type can also be observed. Such measurements are carried out in dynamics: at least 5-6 times a day, for 14 days. It is necessary to measure the pressure at rest, when a person has just woken up, during the day - in a state of moderate physical and mental activity, and also in the evening - with fatigue, decreased activity, rest and preparing the body for sleep.

It is important to investigate the state of the cardiovascular system. An angiogram is carried out - a study that allows to assess the condition of the vessels, their tone. If this information is not sufficient, computer or magnetic resonance imaging may be required. Very informative may be an electrocardiogram that allows you to evaluate the basic performance of the heart. You may need ultrasound of the heart, an electroencephalogram that allows you to assess the state of the vessels of the brain and their functional activity.

Differential diagnosis

The basis of differential diagnosis is the need to differentiate the primary pathology from the secondary, which is only one of the symptoms of diseases of other organs.

If there is a suspicion that blood pressure jumps are a secondary pathology that develops as a result of diseases of the digestive tract, specific studies are conducted. The main and most informative method of gastrointestinal examination is gastroscopy. During this procedure, the esophagus, stomach and duodenum are examined through a special instrument - the gastroscope. The patient is forced to swallow a gastroscopy. At the end is a camera that allows you to visualize the image, to study the features of the structure, the state of internal organs.

The advantage of this method is that you can carefully study the walls of the esophagus, stomach, intestines. You can detect the inflammatory process, erosion, the beginning ulcer, bleeding. This is the only method that makes it possible to diagnose tumors at the earliest stages of their development and even at the stage of nucleation.

It is also the main method of research due to the fact that it makes it possible to carry out not only diagnostic measures, but also a medical procedure. For example, if polyps are found, they can be removed immediately. If bleeding vessels are found, they can be coagulated. Cauterized small erosion, mechanical damage. Also, during the procedure, you can take a biopsy, in which the mucosal mucosa is sampled for further histological examination. You can pick up scraping from the mucous membrane for further detection of microorganisms Helicobacter, which are the causative agent of gastritis and peptic ulcer.

If there is a lack of information, ultrasound may be performed, an x-ray study. These methods make it possible to study internal organs from a different angle, to study many physiological processes in dynamics.

If suspicion that pressure surges arise from the pathology of the urinary system, the kidneys and urinary tract are examined: renal ultrasound, urinalysis, including daily monitoring. Different functional tests may be required.

If there is a suspicion that the pressure jumps as a result of pathologies of the reproductive system, appropriate studies are conducted to detect pathologies of the genital organs and hormonal background. An analysis is carried out for hormones, hidden infections. For men, colonoscopy and ultrasound are performed, which make it possible to exclude pathologies such as prostatitis, adenoma, and prostate disorders.

For women, hysteroscopy is performed, which makes it possible to assess the condition of the uterus, the fallopian tubes. Informative may be ultrasound. Use abdominal, or transvaginal ultrasound, depending on the purpose of the study.

Treatment of the blood pressure jumps

Treatment is aimed primarily at eliminating the cause that causes pressure jumps. If this is a secondary pathology, the treatment of the underlying disease is performed, as a result of which, there are differences. In this case, symptomatic therapy may be ineffective.

If pressure surges are the primary pathology, treatment is carried out aimed at normalizing the vascular tone, increasing their elasticity, normalizing the activity of the heart. Symptomatic therapy may often be effective, which often includes funds aimed at normalizing blood pressure.

If necessary, additional measures are taken to improve the overall endurance of the body, its resistance to disease. Well-proven massage, acupuncture, reflexology. It is also recommended to engage in exercise therapy. Positive effect on the state of blood vessels breathing exercises, relaxation practices, meditation, aromatherapy.

What to do when pressure jumps?

At pressure surges it is necessary first of all to consult a doctor and undergo a test that will give an opportunity to reveal their cause, to put the correct diagnosis, to choose the appropriate treatment. It is also necessary to constantly monitor the pressure, the state of the body, adhere to all the recommendations of the doctor. It is necessary to exclude stress and overstrain.

First aid for a sudden pressure surge

Depending on the direction in which the pressure surge occurred, appropriate help is provided. First of all, you need to measure the pressure. At low pressure, you need to drink a tablet of caffeine, lie down to lie down. You can also drink strong coffee or tea. When there are such symptoms as dizziness, loss of consciousness, you need to urgently call an ambulance. Before the arrival of doctors, ensure access to fresh air.

At the raised pressure it is necessary to urgently give the preparation promoting depression of pressure: enap, enalapril, dibazolum, captopril and others. If possible, drink a sedative, or tea with mint chamomile, which soothe the body, reduce the tone of the vessels. If the condition worsens and the pressure rises above 140-150 mm. Gt; Art. Call an ambulance.

[12], [13], [14], [15]

Medications

Any medications can be taken only after consulting a doctor. This is due to the fact that you must first conduct a comprehensive diagnosis, determine the cause of pressure surges, and only after that you can select the appropriate treatment. With drugs to normalize the pressure you need to be careful. They can have numerous side effects, can lead to complications in the heart and blood vessels, other organs. Can be addictive, do not combine with many other medicines. Overdose is dangerous by serious complications, up to a lethal outcome.

When the pressure is increased, one-time administration of captopril is recommended for half or a whole tablet.

At high pressure, one can also take enap, or enalapril. These drugs are analogues. Take 1 tablet, then you need to see a doctor. Has a diuretic effect, so with caution should be taken to people with pathology of the kidneys and urinary tract.

At elevated pressure, it is advisable to take dibazol, which helps to reduce pressure. Take 1 tablet with increased pressure.

Under reduced pressure, you need to drink 1 tablet of caffeine. It raises the pressure, normalizes the tone of the vessels. With a slight decrease in pressure, you can drink coffee, which also contains caffeine and increases the tone of the vessels.

Concor at pressure surges

Concor is a drug designed for long-term treatment of the cardiovascular system. It is necessary to understand that this is a preparation of prolonged action, it will not have an instantaneous effect. Usually, the effect of the drug affects only 15 days after the start of treatment. Take 5-10 mg per day. The minimum dosage is 2.5 mg. You can start with it gradually increasing the dosage. Not applicable with a pacemaker.

Vitamins

When pressure drops, it is recommended to take vitamins. They normalize the metabolism in the body, increase resistance, normalize the basic metabolic processes. Recommended intake in a daily dosage:

• Vitamin PP - 60 mg
• Vitamin H - 150 μg
• Vitamin C - 1000 mg
• Vitamin E is 45 mg.

Physiotherapeutic treatment

Various methods of physiotherapy are used. Well proven acupuncture, acupressure, reflexology. These methods are based on the effect on biologically active points, stimulation of natural defense mechanisms and body reserves.

Also, a massage is used that normalizes the body's condition, activates blood circulation, normalizes the tone of muscles and blood vessels, restores the hormonal background and the nervous system.

In some cases, electrophoresis can be used, in which drugs are injected into the body by microcurrents through the surface of the skin and mucous membranes. This facilitates the accelerated absorption of drugs, their precise penetration into the required tissue. A lower dosage of the drug is required, correspondingly, the risk of side effects is reduced.

Alternative treatment

In the treatment of pressure surges, alternative agents have proved to be well established.

Helps reduce aloe vera. It can be taken in various forms: in the form of juice, add to tea, as part of nutrient mixtures. You can try a mixture that normalizes the pressure and maintains the vessels in a normal tone.

To prepare, you need 100 grams of raisins, dried apricots, prunes. All these components are thoroughly mixed, passed through a meat grinder. Then add 3-4 tablespoons of honey and about 50 ml of aloe juice. Stirred, allowed to infuse for 2-3 days. Drink a tablespoon daily.

Aloe juice is also well established. For cooking, squeeze juice from juicy sheets of aloe. To 50 ml of juice add 1 teaspoon of aloe, carefully mix and drink 1 teaspoon twice a day.

Reduces the pressure of aronia, or ashberry, aronia. It is recommended that you take 50 grams of fruit three times a day for 28 days, before meals.

Infusion of magnolia vine is used under reduced pressure. It is recommended to take in the form of infusion: 100 grams of fruit is poured into 500 ml of vodka or alcohol. Infuse for a day, take 1 tablespoon twice a day.

[16], [17], [18], [19]

Herbal Treatment

Thistle broth is taken under reduced pressure. 1 tablespoon requires 200 ml of boiling water. You need to pour the grass with boiling water, insist for an hour. Drink a tablespoon three times a day.

Significantly increases the pressure in hypotension rhodiola rosea. It is taken in the form of infusion: 5 grams of herbs per glass of vodka or alcohol, poured, infused for 24 hours. Take a teaspoon three times a day.

To reduce pressure, it is recommended to boil the hawthorn. Approximately 100 grams of fruit pour two glasses of water, leave until the morning. Then in the morning start to cook the fruits in the same water. Bring to a boil, then boil for 2-3 minutes. It is necessary to stir constantly during cooking. Take a glass a day.

Homeopathy

Homeopathic remedies should be taken with caution. They have side effects, in particular, cause addiction, affect other organs. It is necessary to take with precautionary measures: only after preliminary consultation with the doctor.

Infusion of magnolia is taken to reduce pressure on a tablespoon per day. You can buy it at the pharmacy in ready-made form, or you can prepare it yourself. For cooking, 1 kg of magnolia flowers is required. Pour a liter of vodka, insist 21 days.

Also, when hypertension is taken infusion of bark of oak. To prepare 10 grams of bark pour 200 ml of vodka, insist 3 days, drink a tablespoon three times a day.

To increase the pressure, take the infusion of zamanichi high. In order to prepare the infusion, you need 10 grams of roots to pour a glass of alcohol or vodka. Drink a tablespoon three times a day.

When hypotension is also taken immortelle. To prepare the broth you need to take 10 grams of inflorescence, pour a glass of boiling water. Take a third cup twice a day.

Power at pressure surges

At pressure surges, diet food should be observed. The food should be high-grade, contain a full set of necessary vitamins and microcells, as well as fats, carbohydrates, proteins. Dishes should be cooked in boiled or steam form, should not contain spices, seasonings. At increased pressure, the consumption of salt must be completely eliminated or minimized. At a lowered pressure, it is recommended to take coffee, strong tea. At elevated pressure these products are excluded.

Diet at pressure surges

The food should be fractional, no less than 5-6 times a day. The stomach does not need to be overloaded. An approximate menu for 1 day is as follows:

• Breakfast

A glass of tea / coffee / cocoa / chicory (depending on the pressure). With increased pressure, tea and coffee are excluded, only chicory, cocoa, and other beverages are possible.

Ham omelette, boiled egg, a piece of bread.

• Lunch

Soup puree, toast.

• Dinner

Broth with dumplings. Rice porridge, steam cutlet, carrot grated. Drink.

• Second Lunch

Chicken chicken with cheese crust, a slice of bread. Fresh tomato.

• Dinner

Oatmeal porridge with pieces of fruit. Apple puree. Drink.

[20], [21], [22],