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Lymphatic system

Mammary gland lymph nodes

The female mammary gland has a complex anatomy. It lies on the pectoralis major muscle and partly on the anterior serratus.

Lymphatic vessels and nodes of the upper extremity

The upper limb has superficial and deep lymphatic vessels that flow to the elbow and axillary lymph nodes. The superficial lymphatic vessels are located near the subcutaneous veins of the upper limb and form three groups: lateral, medial and anterior.

Lymphatic vessels and nodes of the head and neck

From the organs of the head, the lymphatic vessels deliver lymph to the lymph nodes, which are located in small groups on the border of the head and neck [occipital, mammillary (behind the ear), parotid, retropharyngeal, facial, submandibular, mental].

Lymphatic vessels and nodes of the thoracic cavity

In the chest cavity, there are parietal (parietal) lymph nodes, located on the corresponding walls (anterior, inferior and posterior), and visceral (visceral), located in the chest cavity on the paths of lymph flow from its internal organs.

Lymphatic vessels and nodes of the abdominal cavity

In the abdominal cavity, there are also visceral (internal) and parietal (parietal) lymph nodes. Visceral lymph nodes (nodi lymphatici viscerales) are located near the unpaired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta and their branches (near the celiac trunk, hepatic, splenic and gastric arteries, superior and inferior mesenteric arteries and their branches).

Lymphatic vessels and pelvic nodes

In the pelvic cavity and on its walls are located the lymph nodes, into which the lymphatic vessels from the adjacent organs flow, as well as the lymphatic vessels of the lower extremities.

Lymphatic vessels and nodes of the lower limb

On the lower limb, there are superficial lymphatic vessels, lying above the superficial fascia, and deep ones, located next to the deep blood vessels (arteries and veins), as well as popliteal and inguinal lymph nodes.

Lymphatic trunks and ducts

Lymph from each part of the body, passing through the lymph nodes, is collected into lymphatic ducts (ductus lymphatici) and lymphatic trunks (trunci lymphatici). In the human body, there are six such large lymphatic ducts and trunks.

Lymphatic vessels

Lymphatic vessels (vasa lymphatica) are formed by the fusion of lymphatic capillaries. The walls of lymphatic vessels are thicker than the walls of lymph capillaries.

Lymph nodes

Lymph nodes (nodi lymphatici) are usually located near blood vessels, often near large veins, usually in groups - from several nodes to ten or more.

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