The immune system

Pharyngeal (adenoid) tonsil

The pharyngeal (adenoid) tonsil (tonsilla pharyngeals, s.adenoidea) is unpaired, located in the region of the arch and partly the posterior pharyngeal wall, between the right and left pharyngeal pockets (Roshenmuller fossae).

The palatine tonsil

The palatine tonsilla palatum is located in the amygdala fossa tonsillaris, which is a depression between the divergent downward slanted tongue in the front and the hypogastric arch in the back.

Lingual tonsil

The lingual tonsil lingualis is unpaired, it lies under the multilayered epithelium of the mucous membrane of the root of the tongue, often in the form of two clusters of lymphoid tissue.

Tonsils

Tonsils: lingual and pharyngeal (unpaired), palatine and tubal (paired) - located at the entrance to the pharynx from the oral cavity and from the nasal cavity, i.e. On the way to food and inhaled air.

Thymus (thymus gland)

Thymus (thymus, or, as it used to be called this organ, thymus gland, thymus gland) is, like the bone marrow, the central organ of immunogenesis. Stem cells penetrating the thymus from the bone marrow with blood flow, after passing a series of intermediate stages, are transformed into T-lymphocytes responsible for the reactions of cellular immunity.

Bone marrow

The red bone marrow (medulla ossium rubra) is located in the cells of the spongy substance of the flat and short bones, the epiphyses of the long (tubular) bones, and the yellow bone marrow (medulla ossium flava) filling the bone marrow cavities of the diaphysis of the long bones.

Organs of the immune system

The organs of the hematopoiesis and the immune system are closely related to each other by a common structure, origin and functions. Reticular tissue is the stroma and bone marrow (the organ of the hematopoiesis), and the organs of the immune system.

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