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Classification of congenital heart defects
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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There are several classifications of congenital heart defects: the classification of heart disease in children (WHO, 1970) with the SNOP (systematic nomenclature of pathology) codes used in the US and the ISO codes of the International Society of Cardiology; classification of congenital heart and vascular defects (WHO, 1976), containing the section "Congenital malformations (malformations)" with the headings "Heart bulb anomalies and cardiac wall anomaly", "Other congenital heart anomalies", "Other congenital abnormalities of the circulatory system".
The creation of a unified classification of congenital heart defects is associated with certain difficulties due to the huge number of varieties of vices and principles that can be put into its basis. In the Scientific Research Center of Cardiovascular Surgery named after A.N. Bakulev developed a classification in which congenital heart diseases are distributed taking into account anatomical features and hemodynamic disorders. The proposed classification is convenient for use in the practice of a doctor. In this classification, all vices are divided into three groups.
- Congenital heart defects of pale type with arteriovenous shunt, i.e. With discharge of blood from left to right: defect of interventricular pekregorodki, defect of interatrial septum, open arterial (botall) duct.
- Congenital heart defects of the blue type with a venoarterial discharge, i.e. With the discharge of blood from right to left: a complete transposition of the main vessels, the tetrad of Fallot.
- Congenital heart disease without a discharge, but with an obstacle to the release of blood from the ventricles (stenosis of the pulmonary artery and aorta, coarctation of the aorta).
There are still congenital heart defects, not included in their hemodynamic characteristics in any of the three groups represented. These are vices without a discharge of blood and without stenosis: congenital heart valve failure, an abnormality of the development of the Ebstein tricuspid valve, corrected transposition of the main vessels. Common anomalies of coronary arteries include anomalous divergence of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery and some others.
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